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Yang D, Shou Z, Xie X, Tang Y, Li Z, Chen H, Tang S, Zan X. Gelatin-based dynamic response antioxidant, anti-inflammatory multifunctional hydrogel for enhanced diabetic wound repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129453. [PMID: 38253143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wound therapy presents significant challenges in the clinical environment, where persistent bleeding, disturbed inflammatory regulation, impaired cellular proliferation, and impaired tissue remodeling are major features of diabetic wound healing. However, current treatment strategies need to be considered in the context of the dynamic and complex needs of chronic wound healing. Here, multifunctional dynamic boronic acid cross-linked hydrogels were prepared by the reaction of gelatin (Gel) inoculated with 5-carboxy 3-nitrophenylboronic acid (NPBA) and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to achieve rapid gelation at pH = 7.4, EGCG could interact electrostatically with cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) to achieve the effective loading of AMP in the hydrogels. This hydrogel can be injected and adhered to skin defects in diabetic patients to provide a barrier and rapid hemostasis. In a high glucose microenvironment, the rapid release of AMP effectively kills bacteria, while the responsive release of EGCG eliminates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promotes macrophage M2 polarization. In addition, the hydrogel had excellent biocompatibility and degradability properties, degraded completely after 3 days of subcutaneous injection, and was non-toxic in H&E staining of major organs and serum liver function indices in mice. This multifunctional injectable hydrogel accelerates diabetic skin wound repair and is a promising dressing for the precise treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China; Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province 317000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325001, China
| | - Zeyu Shou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Yi Tang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Zhiyun Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China.
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325001, China.
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province 317000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325001, China.
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Recent progress in polymeric biomaterials and their potential applications in skin regeneration and wound care management. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Liu M, Zhang W, Chen Z, Ding Y, Sun B, Wang H, Mo X, Wu J. Mechanisms of magnesium oxide-incorporated electrospun membrane modulating inflammation and accelerating wound healing. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:132-151. [PMID: 36205298 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that magnesium oxide (MgO)-incorporated electrospun membranes show powerful antibacterial activity and promote wound healing, but the underlying mechanisms have not been entirely understood. Herein, we investigated the relationship between structure and function of MgO-incorporated membranes and interrogated critical bioactive cues that contribute to accelerated wound healing and functional restoration. Our results show that MgO-incorporated membranes exhibit good flexibility and improved water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) and sustained Mg2+ release in a simulated model of wounds. MgO-incorporated membranes modulate macrophage phenotype to downregulate inflammatory response, contributing to alleviated inflammation and creating a favorable microenvironment for wound healing. Specifically, MgO-incorporated membranes stimulate macrophages to shift to a pro-healing M2 phenotype and upregulate pro-healing cytokine of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge conditions. Together with increased TGF-β1 by macrophages, MgO-incorporated membranes significantly boost the proliferation of fibroblasts and upregulate collagen production, thus driving granulation tissue formation and wound closure. MgO-incorporated membranes promote angiogenesis by promoting tube formation and upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production of endothelial cells. Rapid epithelialization of regenerated skin tissue is attributed to the balanced phenotype of keratinocytes between proliferative and terminally differentiated populations. In addition to coordinating keratinocyte phenotype, MgO-incorporated membranes reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1α) therefore promoting hair follicle regeneration. These data provide mechanisms of MgO-incorporated membranes that inhibit bacterial infection, alleviate inflammation, facilitate extracellular matrix production and epithelialization, and potentiate hair follicle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangfan Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglei Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Wang Y, Ma Y, Jiang Z, Hu H, Wang S, Chi J, Qiao J, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu W, Han B. Multifunctional effects of wound dressing based on chitosan-coordinated argentum with resistant bacterial penetration. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119329. [PMID: 35450618 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Third-degree scald, causing serious tissue destruction with continuous pain, easily leads to microbial infections and delayed wound healing. Therefore, a multifunctional treatment is attractive for seriously damaged tissue. Herein, carboxymethyl chitosan-coordinated argentum (Ag-CMC) was synthesized via a complexation method, and then the Ag+ release, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, pain relief and wound healing properties of Ag-CMC were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that Ag+ had interacted with carboxymethyl chitosan, containing approximately 1.2% of silver. The Ag-CMC (50-200 μg/mL) with Ag+ sustained release exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, drug-resistant E. coli, PA, MRSA and good biocompatibility with L929 cells. Furthermore, antibacterial and wound healing experiments demonstrated that Ag-CMC achieved an effective contraction rate of 90% after 28 days by accelerating re-epithelialization, regulating inflammation response, relieving pain and infections. Therefore, Ag-CMC is a safe multifunctional treatment for wound healing and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China
| | - Huiwen Hu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jinhua Chi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wanshun Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Baoqin Han
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China.
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Yang M, Zhang M, Wang Y, Li Y, Han W, Dang X. Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Gelatin-Based Nanocomposite Films toward Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2193-2201. [PMID: 35438952 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin (GH) is a natural polymer material with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that render it a good base material for biomedical material production. Herein, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded onto a waterborne polyurethane-GH composite (WPU-g-GH) to prepare a GH-based nanocomposite (AgNP/WPU-g-GH) films). The prepared nanocomposite films were characterized using several analyses including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission emission microscopy, mechanical strength tests, and other analyses. The results demonstrated that the nanocomposite films had high mechanical strength, good thermal stability, and controllable biodegradability. In particular, when the AgNP loading content was 0.03%, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and average particle size of the nanocomposite film reached 45.13 MPa, 476.04%, and 13.02978 ± 1.64406 nm, respectively. Disk diffusion and cytotoxicity analyses revealed that the nanocomposite films exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria without affecting the cell viability of fibroblasts. These findings indicate that the nanocomposite films with high mechanical strength and antibacterial activity could be used for wound management, tissue adhesion, and biomaterial surface coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xugang Dang
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Do TBT, Nguyen TNT, Ho MH, Nguyen NTP, Do TM, Vo DT, Hua HTN, Phan TB, Tran PA, Nguyen HTT, Vo TV, Nguyen TH. The Efficacy of Silver-Based Electrospun Antimicrobial Dressing in Accelerating the Regeneration of Partial Thickness Burn Wounds Using a Porcine Model. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183116. [PMID: 34578017 PMCID: PMC8469778 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Wounds with damages to the subcutaneous are difficult to regenerate because of the tissue damages and complications such as bacterial infection. (2) Methods: In this study, we created burn wounds on pigs and investigated the efficacy of three biomaterials: polycaprolactone-gelatin-silver membrane (PCLGelAg) and two commercial burn dressings, Aquacel® Ag and UrgoTulTM silver sulfadiazine. In vitro long-term antibacterial property and in vivo wound healing performance were investigated. Agar diffusion assays were employed to evaluate bacterial inhibition at different time intervals. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assays were used to compare antibacterial strength among samples. Second-degree burn wounds in the pig model were designed to evaluate the efficiency of all dressings in supporting the wound healing process. (3) Results: The results showed that PCLGelAg membrane was the most effective in killing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria bacteria with the lowest MBC value. All three dressings (PCLGelAg, Aquacel, and UrgoTul) exhibited bactericidal effect during the first 24 h, supported wound healing as well as prevented infection and inflammation. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that the PCLGelAg membrane is a practical solution for the treatment of severe burn injury and other infection-related skin complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Bui-Thuan Do
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.-T.D.); (T.N.-T.N.); (M.H.H.); (N.T.-P.N.); (T.M.D.); (T.V.V.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.P.); (H.T.-T.N.)
| | - Tien Ngoc-Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.-T.D.); (T.N.-T.N.); (M.H.H.); (N.T.-P.N.); (T.M.D.); (T.V.V.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.P.); (H.T.-T.N.)
| | - Minh Hieu Ho
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.-T.D.); (T.N.-T.N.); (M.H.H.); (N.T.-P.N.); (T.M.D.); (T.V.V.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.P.); (H.T.-T.N.)
| | - Nghi Thi-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.-T.D.); (T.N.-T.N.); (M.H.H.); (N.T.-P.N.); (T.M.D.); (T.V.V.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.P.); (H.T.-T.N.)
| | - Thai Minh Do
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.-T.D.); (T.N.-T.N.); (M.H.H.); (N.T.-P.N.); (T.M.D.); (T.V.V.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.P.); (H.T.-T.N.)
| | - Dai Tan Vo
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam;
| | - Ha Thi-Ngoc Hua
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Thang Bach Phan
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.P.); (H.T.-T.N.)
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR), Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Phong A. Tran
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- Interface Science and Materials Engineering Group, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, QUT, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Hoai Thi-Thu Nguyen
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.P.); (H.T.-T.N.)
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Toi Van Vo
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.-T.D.); (T.N.-T.N.); (M.H.H.); (N.T.-P.N.); (T.M.D.); (T.V.V.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.P.); (H.T.-T.N.)
| | - Thi-Hiep Nguyen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.-T.D.); (T.N.-T.N.); (M.H.H.); (N.T.-P.N.); (T.M.D.); (T.V.V.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.B.P.); (H.T.-T.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Liu C, Liu W, Cheng X, Zhang A, Zhang S, Liu C, Li N, Jian X. Apatite Formation Induced by Chitosan/Gelatin Hydrogel Coating Anchored on Poly(aryl ether nitrile ketone) Substrates to Promote Osteoblastic Differentiation. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100262. [PMID: 34449122 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone-like apatite is a promising coating of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) for bone implantation. Poly(aryl ether nitrile ketone) containing phthalazinone moiety (PPENK) is a novel alternative for its easy synthesis. Here, chitosan/gelatin hybrid hydrogel coating is applied to induce the formation of apatite on the surface of PPENK substrate through biomineralization to improve its biocompatibility and osteogenic property. PPENK possessing allyl groups (PPENK-d) are synthesized and spin-coated on PPENK substrate to impart reactive groups. The hydrogel coating is prepared by the ultraviolet crosslinking of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and chitosan methacrylate (CSMA) on PPENK substrate. PPENK-d, GelMA, and CSMA are characterized by 1 H-NMR to confirm the designed structures. The presence of chitosan increases the chelation of calcium ions and thus induces the nucleation of apatite. The microstructural and compositional results reveal that the chitosan-containing hydrogel coating induced apatite coating yields a higher apatite quantity compared to the gelatin hydrogel coating. The apatite coatings on PPENK substrate promote the cytocompatibility and osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chengde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xitong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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