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Simeonov N, Stefanova V. Micromorphology and analysis of dentin surfaces after preparation with Er:YAG laser and application of self-etch adhesive system with 10-MDP. A confocal laser scanning microscope study. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2023; 65:453-459. [PMID: 38351822 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.65.e76606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the micromorphology of the hybrid layer and the dentinal surface when the dentin was prepared with an Er:YAG laser or burs, and to find if there was any difference if the time of application of the self-etching primer on the dentin prepared with an Er:YAG laser was doubled.
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Eissa NM, Elshourbagy EM, Gomaa NE. Effect of sodium fluoride plus tricalcium phosphate with and without CO2 laser on remineralization of white spot lesions. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10752. [PMID: 36212006 PMCID: PMC9535291 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of NaF plus TCP with and without CO2 laser irradiation on management of demineralized enamel using microhardness test and digital microscopy. Methods Eighty intact extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (20/each). Each group was subjected to a demineralizing solution to create white spot lesion. Group 1 was treated with 3M Vanish™. Group 2 was irradiated with CO2 laser. Group 3 was subjected to CO2 laser followed by 3M Vanish™. Group 4 was treated by 3M Vanish™ then CO2 laser. The teeth were immersed in artificial saliva. Surface microhardness was measured for each tooth before demineralization at base line (M1 as a control), after demineralization (M2) and after management (M3). Comparison of microhardness values between groups was performed using one way ANOVA test with significant level (0.05) followed by multiple comparisons post-hoc Tukey test between groups. Enamel surface was photographed by digital microscope. Results All intervention methods used in the current study significantly increased microhardness values of demineralized enamel (P < 0.001). Little improvement of enamel appearance was observed in all groups meanwhile using CO2 laser on demineralized enamel directly led to signs of white and black dots affecting the appearance of enamel surface. Significance The most effective intervention regarding microhardness was group 2 followed by group 3, group 4 and group 1. Coating the enamel surface with 3M Vanish™ before CO2 laser irradiation acted as a protective layer from the undesirable effects of laser on the teeth with increasing enamel microhardness values more than using Vanish alone. So the promising intervention method regarding both microhardness and appearance was group 4.
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Tisler CE, Moldovan M, Petean I, Buduru SD, Prodan D, Sarosi C, Leucuţa DC, Chifor R, Badea ME, Ene R. Human Enamel Fluorination Enhancement by Photodynamic Laser Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142969. [PMID: 35890745 PMCID: PMC9325182 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor oral hygiene leads to serious damages of theteeth’s surface enamel such as micro-abrasions and acid erosion. These alterations combined with bacterial plaque result in cavity appearance. Prophylactic measures include various techniques for enamel surface restoration. Fluorination is one of the most important treatments for this purpose. Therefore, in the present research, we investigated the classical fluorination treatment compared with laser photodynamic fluorination performed on human enamel samples with poor surface quality. Three sample groups were investigated: veneer (F), inlay (I), and crowns (C). The general morphologic aspect was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the specific details such as the fine microstructure and nanostructure were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the surface roughness. The samples were also investigated by Fourier transformed infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) to evidence the fluorination effect on the enamel surface. Results showed that all initial samples had an altered state with micro-abrasions and erosion with mineral loss, which increase the surface roughness. The F group was the most damaged, having a higher roughness, and the I group was less damaged. Classic fluorination treatment partially restored the enamel by local re-mineralization, but did not obtain the parameters of healthy enamel. However, a significant decrease of the roughness was observed (statistical relevance p = 0.001 with the Breusch–Pagan Test). This fact was supported by the presence of newly formed fluorides in the FTIR-ATR spectra. The photodynamic laser fluorination restores the enamel in an enhanced manner by a strong re-mineralization, which implies a significant roughness value decrease comparable to healthy enamel. The Breusch–Pagan Test confirmed the relevance with p = 0.001. This is due to an extended re-mineralization abundant in fluoride crystals as observed by AFM and FTIR. Statistical p-values regarding laser application were in the range of 0.02–0.06, supporting its relevance in the fluorination effect. The final conclusion is that the photodynamic effect is able to favor the newly formed fluoride deposition onto the affected sites of the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Elena Tisler
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.E.T.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry “Raluca Ripan”, University Babes-Bolyai, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.M.); (D.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Ioan Petean
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University Babes-Bolyai, 11 Arany János Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Smaranda Dana Buduru
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.E.T.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Doina Prodan
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry “Raluca Ripan”, University Babes-Bolyai, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.M.); (D.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Codruta Sarosi
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry “Raluca Ripan”, University Babes-Bolyai, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.M.); (D.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniel-Corneliu Leucuţa
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Radu Chifor
- Department of Preventive Dental Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Avram Iancu 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.C.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Mîndra Eugenia Badea
- Department of Preventive Dental Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Avram Iancu 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.C.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Razvan Ene
- 14 Department, Orthopedics, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 169 Splaiul Independenței Street, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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KASAKAWA A, SEKINE S, TANAKA K, MURAKAMI J, KONDO S, HAZAMA H, AWAZU K, AKIYAMA S. Effect of <i>Q</i>-switched Er:YAG laser irradiation on bonding performance to dentin surface. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:616-623. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya KASAKAWA
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
| | | | - Kenji TANAKA
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
| | - Jumpei MURAKAMI
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
| | - Sota KONDO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | | | - Kunio AWAZU
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Shigehisa AKIYAMA
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
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Utilization of Er:YAG Laser in Retrieving and Reusing of Lithium Disilicate and Zirconia Monolithic Crowns in Natural Teeth: An In Vitro Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the effect of noninvasive crown retrieval/reuse process using an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Er:YAG). Twenty-six extracted human teeth were prepared for a crown. The crown was milled using lithium disilicate (LD) and zirconia (Z) materials, n = 13 per group, with three for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crown was luted using composite resin cement and subjected to a laser retrieval process. After the retrieval process, the crown was cleaned, re-cemented and laser-retrieved two more times, without and with additional tooth reduction mimicking clinical refreshment of dentin. Retrieval time and temperature were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Surface changes were observed through SEM. The retrieval times were 267.1 ± 130.43, 220 ± 79.09, 277.1 ± 126.44, 368.4 ± 136.14, 355 ± 159.39, and 419.2 ± 121.36 s for first, second, third LD and Z groups, respectively (p = 0.009). The maximal temperatures were 23.95.1 ± 1.89 °C, 24.86 ± 2.01 °C, 24.17 ± 1.53 °C, 22.88 ± 1.51 °C, 24.03 ± 1.74 °C, and 21.99 ± 1.32 °C for first, second, third LD and Z groups, respectively (p = 0.006). Er:YAG laser crown removal is an effective retrieval tool for all-ceramic crowns. Minimal changes to teeth and crowns were observed following laser irradiation.
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Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-Activation Enhances Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Action of Low Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040232. [PMID: 31766766 PMCID: PMC6963469 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset and persistence of endodontic infections due to residual biofilm after chemical disinfection promotes secondary bacterial infection. Alternative methods to disinfect operated root canals are a matter of great interest. The aim was to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at low concentrations activated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation (LAI) against 10-day-old intracanal Enterococcusfaecalis biofilm. Biofilms were formed inside the root canals and divided into 7 groups (n13): 0.5% NaOCl + Er,Cr:YSGG; Saline + Er,Cr:YSGG; 0.5% NaOCl + syringe irrigation(SI); 2.5% NaOCl + SI; 5% NaOCl + SI; positive and negative controls. Bacterial survivors were counted and specimens visualized under scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Treatments with 0.5% NaOCl + Er,Cr:YSGG and 2.5% NaOCl + SI gave a significant reduction in the number of CFU/mm2. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging confirmed and reinforced bacteriological data. Thus, Er,Cr:YSGG LAI proved to be able to improve the intracanal distribution of 0.5% NaOCl after 60 s of activation, reaching the same level of effectiveness than 2.5% NaOCl. This is regarded as of clinical interest, since working with lower concentrations may contribute to reduce undesired effects.
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Azarsina M, Panahandeh N, Gholipour T, Namdari M, Fekrazad R. The Effect of Titanium Tetrafluoride Treatment and the CO 2 Laser on Acid Resistance of Human Enamel. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:207-210. [PMID: 31749947 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4 ) is deemed more effective than the previous fluoride compounds. To enhance the effect of the fluoride compounds, researchers have suggested their association with lasers, although there are conflicting results in this area. We evaluated the acid resistance of enamel after treatment with the CO2 laser and TiF4 . Methods: Thirteen human premolar teeth were sectioned into 5 parts and each segment was assigned to a study group: co (control): without treatment, AF: enamel treatment with APF 1.23% for 4 minutes, TF: enamel treatment with TiF4 4% for 1 minute, TF-L: enamel treatment with TiF4 4% and then the CO2 laser (Peak power: 1 W, pulse duration: 10 ms, interval time: 500 ms, Beam spot size: 0.2 mm, distance: 2 cm), L-TF: enamel treatment with the CO2 laser and then TiF4 4%. Each sample was kept for 7 days in acidic solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose at pH=4.5, and the amount of the calcium ion released in the solution was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average concentration of the calcium ion released in acidic solution was 197.46, 153.30, 99.23, 61.23, 55.46 ppm in the groups respectively. There was a significant difference between the study groups (P<0.0001). Only the difference between TF-L and L-TF was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The loss of calcium from the enamel samples in the groups treated with a combination of the laser and TiF4 was significantly lower than the groups treated with fluoride alone, or the control group. It did not make a significant difference whether the CO2 laser was applied before or after TiF4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Azarsina
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Panahandeh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Gholipour
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- Biostatistics Department, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Betancourt P, Merlos A, Sierra JM, Arnabat-Dominguez J, Viñas M. Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-Activated Irrigation and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation: Comparison of Two Strategies for Root Canal Disinfection. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 38:91-97. [PMID: 31397611 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the antibacterial effectiveness of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) activated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation (LAI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) against a 10-day-old intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Background: LAI and PUI are regarded as alternative methods to release the irrigant in the inner regions of the root canal system achieving enhanced cleaning ability. Nevertheless, little evidence regarding the activation of low concentrations of NaOCl has been reported. Materials and methods: Seventy-two single-rooted teeth were instrumented, inoculated (E. faecalis ATCC 29212), and incubated for 10 days to allow biofilm formation. Specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 12 each): (1) 0.5% NaOCl+Er,Cr:YSGG LAI, (2) saline+Er,Cr:YSGG LAI, (3) 0.5% NaOCl+PUI, (4) saline+PUI, (5) positive control (no treatment), and (6) negative control (no bacteria). The activation time was distributed as follows: 30 sec of activation, followed by a rest phase of 30 sec, and ending with 30 sec of activation. The number of bacterial survivors was determined by plate counting. Results: Both irrigation regimens LAI and PUI reduced the number of colony-forming unit. Moreover, LAI +0.5% NaOCl and the rest of groups significantly differ (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusions: Er,Cr:YSGG LAI proved to be more effective than PUI in enhancing the antimicrobial activity of 0.5% NaOCl against 10-day-old intracanal E. faecalis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Betancourt
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Dental School, Research Centre in Dental Sciences (CICO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alex Merlos
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Cuerpo de Sanidad Militar, Ejército del Aire de España, Zaragoza, España
| | - Josep Maria Sierra
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Viñas
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abbasi M, Nakhostin A, Namdar F, Chiniforush N, Hasani Tabatabaei M. The Rate of Demineralization in the Teeth Prepared by Bur and Er:YAG Laser. J Lasers Med Sci 2018; 9:82-86. [PMID: 30026891 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The present in vitro study evaluated the recurrence rate of caries following cavity preparations with bur (conventional technique) and irradiation by Erbium:Yttrium- Aluminum-Garnet (Er:YAG) laser through micro hardness test. Methods: A total of 72 human extracted molars were randomly divided into 3 groups and class 5 cavities were prepared on them with 3 different methods: G1) conventional bur, G2) Er:YAG laser irradiation alone and G3) laser irradiation + laser treatment. The specimens were immersed in the artificial caries solution with pH of 2.0 and 5.0 (12 days) and then immersed in re-mineralizing solution with pH of 7.0 (25 days). The specimens were longitudinally sectioned and their Vickers micro hardness was determined. Data were statistically analyzed by means of three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparisons tests. Results: The micro hardness of the samples was affected by substrate type (enamel and dentin) and low values were achieved in dentin (P<0.001). Moreover, no significant difference was observed between preparation methods by bar and laser irradiation alone (P ≤0.499). Although laser irradiation + laser treatment decreased micro hardness of enamel compared to other methods. In dentin samples, different methods of preparation showed no significant effect on micro hardness (P ≤0.874). Conclusion: Due to the similar values of micro hardness following G1 and G2, it seems that Er:YAG laser alone is as much effective as the conventional bur to prevent recurrence caries. However, because of the high prices of laser instruments, bur preparations can be done commonly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abbasi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrooz Nakhostin
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Namdar
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- PhD candidate of laser dentistry, Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), School of dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masomeh Hasani Tabatabaei
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tuna EB, Ozel E, Kasimoglu Y, Firatli E. Investigation of the Er: YAG laser and diamond bur cavity preparation on the marginal microleakage of Class V cavities restored with different flowable composites. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:530-536. [PMID: 28112852 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Er:YAG laser and diamond bur cavity preparation on the marginal microleakage of Class V cavities. Group 1: bur preparation (bp) + Vertise Flow (VF); Group 2: laser preparation (lp) + VF; Group 3: bp + Adper Easy One (AEO) + Filtek Ultimate Flowable Composite (FUFC); Group 4: lp + AEO + FUFC; Group 5: bp + Clearfil S3 Bond (CSB) + Clearfil Majesty Flow (CMF); Group 6: lp + CSB + CMF. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p < .05). More microleakage was observed in cervical regions compared to occlusal regions in all groups (p < .05). No significant difference was observed among all groups in terms of occlusal and cervical surfaces, respectively (p > .05). The use of the Er:YAG laser for cavity preparation with different adhesive systems and flowable composites did not influence microleakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bahar Tuna
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Ozel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yelda Kasimoglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Firatli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Souza-Gabriel AE, Sousa-Neto MD, Ururahy MSL, Andrade LM, Faraoni JJ, Romeo U, Palma-Dibb RG. Analysis of adhesive interface in root canals irradiated by Er,Cr:YSGG laser after luting a fiber post. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:1090-1096. [PMID: 27543845 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904 SP Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904 SP Brazil
| | - Mirian Saavedra Lopes Ururahy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904 SP Brazil
| | - Lilian Mendes Andrade
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904 SP Brazil
| | - Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904 SP Brazil
| | - Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome 0016 Italy
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904 SP Brazil
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Saluja M, Grover HS, Choudhary P. Comparative Morphologic Evaluation and Occluding Effectiveness of Nd: YAG, CO2 and Diode Lasers on Exposed Human Dentinal Tubules: An Invitro SEM Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC66-70. [PMID: 27630957 PMCID: PMC5020193 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18262.8188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dentinal hypersensitivity is one of the most common problem, encountered in dental practice but has least predictable treatment outcome. The advent of lasers in dentistry has provided an additional therapeutic option for treating dentinal hypersensitivity. Although various lasers have been tried over a period of time to treat dentinal hypersensitivity, but still the doubt persist as to which laser leads to maximum dentinal tubular occlusion and is most suitable with minimal hazardous effects. AIM To compare the effects of Nd: YAG, CO2 and 810-nm diode lasers on width of exposed dentinal tubule orifices and to evaluate the morphologic changes on dentinal surface of human tooth after laser irradiation by scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty root specimens were obtained from ten freshly extracted human premolars, which were randomly divided into four groups of ten each. Group I: control group treated with only saline, Group II: Nd:YAG laser, Group III: CO2 laser and Group IV: 810-nm diode laser. The specimens were examined using SEM. After calculating mean tubular diameter for each group, the values were compared statistically using parametric one-way ANOVA test and Turkey's post hoc multiple comparison test. RESULTS All the three lased groups showed a highly statistical significant result with p-value of <0.001 as compared to non-lased group. On intergroup comparison within the lased groups, all the three groups showed statistically significant difference in the reduction of dentinal tubular diameter (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION Nd: YAG laser was found to be most effective, followed by the CO2 laser and 810-nm diode laser was found to be least effective. The morphologic changes like craters, cracks and charring effect of the dentine were seen maximum by the use of CO2 laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Saluja
- Reader, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Harpreet Singh Grover
- Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Pankaj Choudhary
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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Contreras-Arriaga B, Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, Contreras-Bulnes R, Olea-Mejìa OF, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Centeno-Pedraza C. Chemical and morphological changes in human dentin after Er:YAGlaser irradiation: EDS and SEM analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:1019-25. [PMID: 26397964 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sixty samples of human dentin were divided into six groups (n = 10) and were irradiated with Er:YAG laser at 100 mJ-19.9 J/cm(2), 150 mJ-29.8 J/cm(2), 100 mJ-35.3 J/cm(2), 150 mJ-53.0 J/cm(2), 200 mJ-70.7 J/cm(2), and 250 mJ-88.5 J/cm(2), respectively, at 7 Hz under a water spray. The atomic percentages of carbon, oxygen, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus and the Ca-to-P molar ratio on the dentin were determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy. A paired t-test was used in statistical analysis before and after irradiation, and a one-way ANOVA was performed (P ≤ 0.05). The atomic percent of C tended to decrease in all of the groups after irradiation with statistically significant differences, O and Mg increased with significant differences in all of the groups, and the Ca-to-P molar ratio increased in groups IV, V, and VI, with statistically significant differences between groups II and VI. All the irradiated samples showed morphological changes. Major changes in the chemical composition of dentin were observed in trace elements. A significant increase in the Ca-to-P ratio was observed in the higher energy density groups. Morphological changes included loss of smear layer with exposed dentinal tubules. The changes produced by the different energy densities employed could have clinical implications, additional studies are required to clarify them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Contreras-Arriaga
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50130, México
| | - Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50130, México
| | - Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50130, México
| | - Oscar Fernando Olea-Mejìa
- Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de México-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable (CCIQS), Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, San Cayetano de Morelos, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50200, México
| | - Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50130, México
| | - Claudia Centeno-Pedraza
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50130, México
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Effect of a CO2 Laser on the Inhibition of Root Surface Caries Adjacent to Restorations of Glass Ionomer Cement or Composite Resin: An In Vitro Study. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:298575. [PMID: 26347900 PMCID: PMC4549616 DOI: 10.1155/2015/298575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of CO2 laser irradiation on the inhibition of secondary caries on root surfaces adjacent to glass ionomer cement (GIC) or composite resin (CR) restorations. 40 dental blocks were divided into 4 groups: G1 (negative control): cavity preparation + adhesive restoration with CR; G2: (positive control) cavity preparation + GIC restoration; G3: equal to group 1 + CO2 laser with 6 J/cm2; G4: equal to group 2 + CO2 laser. The blocks were submitted to thermal and pH cycling. Dental demineralization around restorations was quantified using microhardness analyses and Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF). The groups showed no significant differences in mineral loss at depths between 20 μm and 40 μm. At 60 μm, G2 and G3 ≠ G1, but G4 = G1, G2 and G3. At 80 μm, G4 ≠ G1, and at 100 μm, G4 = G2 = G1. At 140 and 220 μm, G2, G3, and G4 = G1. The averages obtained using QFL in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.637, 0.162, 0.095, and 0.048, respectively. QLF and microhardness analyses showed that CO2 laser irradiation reduced mineral loss around the CR restorations but that it did not increase the anticariogenic effect of GIC restorations.
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Braga SRM, de Oliveira E, Sobral MAP. Effect of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and fluoride on the acid demineralization of enamel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8. [PMID: 26283312 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and acidic phosphate fluoride (APF) on enamel erosion caused by hydrochloric acid. METHODS Fifty human enamel specimens were distributed according to the following treatments (n = 10): untreated (control), APF (1.23%) 4 min, Nd:YAG laser (100 mJ, 1 W, 10 Hz, 141.5 J/cm2 ), APF + Nd:YAG laser, and Nd:YAG laser + APF. For 14 days the specimens were submitted to erosive challenge: 5 min in 3 mL hydrochloric acid (0.01 M, pH 2.2), rinsed with distilled water, and stored in artificial saliva for 3 h. This cycle was repeated four times per day. The calcium (Ca) loss was determined in demineralizing solution by atomic emission spectroscopy, and superficial roughness (Ra) was measured before and after the erosive challenge. RESULTS The mean Ca loss was (mg/L, ± standard deviation): control 12.74 ± 3.33, APF 1.71 ± 0.11, laser 1.64 ± 0.08, APF + laser 1.38 ± 0.08, and laser + APF 1.48 ± 0.07. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the control and other groups. APF + laser showed minor loss of Ca. After the erosive challenge, the APF + laser group showed Ra alteration. CONCLUSION A significant reduction in tooth dissolution was observed after fluoride application combined with Nd:YAG irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Regina Maia Braga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth de Oliveira
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Angela Pita Sobral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wen X, Zhang L, Liu R, Deng M, Wang Y, Liu L, Nie X. Effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on tensile bond strength and caries resistance of human enamel. Oper Dent 2013; 39:273-82. [PMID: 23919623 DOI: 10.2341/12-416-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of resin to human enamel and caries resistance of human enamel. A total of 201 human premolars were used in this in vitro study. A flat enamel surface greater than 4 × 4 mm in area was prepared on each specimen using a low-speed cutting machine under a water coolant. Twenty-one specimens were divided into seven groups for morphology observations with no treatment, 35% phosphoric acid etching (30 seconds), and laser irradiation (30 seconds) of pulsed Nd:YAG laser with five different laser-parameter combinations. Another 100 specimens were used for TBS testing. They were embedded in self-cured acrylic resin and randomly divided into 10 groups. After enamel surface pretreatments according to the group design, resin was applied. The TBS values were tested using a universal testing machine. The other 80 specimens were randomly divided into eight groups for acid resistance evaluation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the enamel surfaces treated with 1.5 W/20 Hz and 2.0 W/20 Hz showed more etching-like appearance than those with other laser-parameter combinations. The laser-parameter combinations of 1.5 W/15 Hz and 1.5 W/20 Hz were found to be efficient for the TBS test. The mean TBS value of 14.45 ± 1.67 MPa in the laser irradiated group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group (3.48 ± 0.35 MPa) but lower than that in the 35% phosphoric acid group (21.50 ± 3.02 MPa). The highest mean TBS value of 26.64 ± 5.22 MPa was identified in the combination group (laser irradiation and then acid etching). Acid resistance evaluation showed that the pulsed Nd:YAG laser was efficient in preventing enamel demineralization. The SEM results of the fractured enamel surfaces, resin/enamel interfaces, and demineralization depths were consistent with those of the TBS test and the acid resistance evaluation. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser as an enamel surface pretreatment method presents a potential clinical application, especially for the caries-susceptible population or individuals with recently bleached teeth.
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Sabaeian M, Shahzadeh M. Simulation of temperature and thermally induced stress of human tooth under CO2 pulsed laser beams using finite element method. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 30:645-51. [PMID: 23868367 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The authors report the simulation of temperature distribution and thermally induced stresses of human tooth under CO2 pulsed laser beam. A detailed tooth structure comprising enamel, dentin, and pulp with realistic shapes and thicknesses were considered, and a numerical method of finite element was adopted to solve time-dependent bio-heat and stress equations. The realistic boundary conditions of constant temperature for those parts embedded in the gingiva and heat flux condition for those parts out of the gingiva were applied. The results which were achieved as a function of energy density (J/cm(2)) showed when laser beam is irradiated downward (from the top of the tooth), the temperature and thermal stresses decrease quickly as a function of depth that is a result of strong absorption of CO2 beams by enamel. This effect is so influential that one can use CO2 beams to remove micrometer layers while underlying tissues, especially the pulp, are safe from thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sabaeian
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran,
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18
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Effect of CO2 laser on root caries inhibition around composite restorations: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:525-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG pretreatment on bond strength of fiber posts to root canal dentin using a self-adhesive resin cement. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:65-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Bolortuya G, Ebihara A, Ichinose S, Watanabe S, Anjo T, Kokuzawa C, Saegusa H, Kawashima N, Suda H. Effects of dentin surface modifications treated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser irradiation on fibroblast cell adhesion. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 30:63-70. [PMID: 22107609 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of surface modifications induced by erbium (Er):YAG and neodymium (Nd):YAG laser irradiation on cell adhesion by comparing it to that of conventional methods for surface preparation after root-end resection. BACKGROUND DATA Many studies have been seeking a favorable method to produce a resected root end with optimal conditions for cell response. However, little improvement has been achieved. This study evaluated the biocompatibilities of resected root surfaces after Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser irradiation on initial cell adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin disks were divided into three groups. Group A was left untreated, Group B was treated with Er:YAG laser irradiation (60 mJ/pulse, 10 pps, 60 sec), and Group C with Nd:YAG laser irradiation (60 mJ/pulse, 10 pps, 60 sec). After laser irradiation, the dentin disks were incubated with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. A morphological analysis of the dentin surface and cell adhesion was observed under a scanning electron microscope. Surface roughness was measured using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The statistical analysis was undertaken using ANOVA at a level of significance of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS Morphological analysis and roughness measurement showed that dentin surfaces treated with Er:YAG laser irradiation were rougher than those in Groups A and C. Group B (Er:YAG) exhibited the greatest number of attached cells among all groups after 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Morphological alteration induced by Er:YAG laser irradiation showed a favorable effect on the attachment of fibroblasts to dentin surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gombo Bolortuya
- Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Sahar-Helft S, Slutzky-Goldberg I, Moshonov J, Stabholtz A, Jacobovitz M, Tam A, Steinberg D. Synergistic Effect of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation in Combination with Chlorhexidine on the Viability of Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:753-8. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharonit Sahar-Helft
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iris Slutzky-Goldberg
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua Moshonov
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adam Stabholtz
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marcos Jacobovitz
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avshalom Tam
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Dentine caries inhibition through CO(2) laser (10.6μm) irradiation and fluoride application, in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:533-9. [PMID: 21176828 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dentine irradiation with a pulsed CO(2) laser (10.6μm) emitting pulses of 10 ms is capable of reducing dentine calcium and phosphorus losses in an artificial caries model. DESIGN The 90 dentine slabs obtained from bovine teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n=15): negative control group (GC); positive control group, treated with fluoride 1.23% (GF); and laser groups irradiated with 8 J/cm(2) (L8); irradiated as in L8+fluoride 1.23% (L8F); irradiated with 11 J/cm(2) (L11); irradiated as in L11+fluoride 1.23% (L11F). After laser irradiation the samples were submitted to a pH-cycling model for 9 days. The calcium and phosphorous contents in the de- and remineralization solutions were measured by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer--ICP-OES. Additionally intrapulpal temperature measurements were performed. The obtained data were analysed by means of ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS In the demineralization solutions the groups L11F and GF presented significantly lower means of calcium and phosphorous losses than the control group; and in L11F means were significantly lower than in the fluoride group. Both irradiation parameters tested caused intrapulpal temperature increase below 2°C. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that under the conditions of this study, CO(2) laser irradiation (10.6 μm) with 11 J/cm(2) (540 mJ and 10 Hz) of fluoride treated dentine surfaces decreases the loss of calcium and phosphorous in the demineralization process and does not cause excessive temperature increase inside the pulp chamber.
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Akyıl MŞ, Yilmaz A, Karaalioğlu OF, Duymuş ZY. Shear Bond Strength of Repair Composite Resin to an Acid-Etched and a Laser-Irradiated Feldspathic Ceramic Surface. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:539-45. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Şamil Akyıl
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Asude Yilmaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Osman F. Karaalioğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Y. Duymuş
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
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Effects of heating by steam autoclaving and Er:YAG laser etching on dentin components. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:605-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cross SE, Kreth J, Wali RP, Sullivan R, Shi W, Gimzewski JK. Evaluation of bacteria-induced enamel demineralization using optical profilometry. Dent Mater 2009; 25:1517-26. [PMID: 19732947 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Streptococcus mutans is considered a major causative of tooth decay due to its ability to rapidly metabolize carbohydrates such as sucrose. One prominent excreted end product of sucrose metabolism is lactic acid. Lactic acid causes a decrease in the pH of the oral environment with subsequent demineralization of the tooth enamel. Biologically relevant bacteria-induced enamel demineralization was studied. METHODS Optical profiling was used to measure tooth enamel decay with vertical resolution under one nanometer and lateral features with optical resolution as a result of S. mutans biofilm exposure. Comparison measurements were made using AFM. RESULTS After 72h of biofilm exposure the enamel displayed an 8-fold increase in the observed roughness average (R(a)), as calculated over the entire measured array. Similarly, the average root mean square (RMS) roughness, R(RMS), of the enamel before and after biofilm exposure for 3 days displayed a 7-fold increase. Further, the direct effect of chemically induced enamel demineralization using biologically relevant organic acids was shown. Optical profiles of the enamel surface after addition of a 30% lactic acid solution showed a significant alteration in the surface topography with a corresponding increase in respective surface roughness statistics. Similar measurements with 10% citric acid over seconds and minutes give insight into the demineralization process by providing quantitative measures for erosion rates: comparing surface height and roughness as metrics. SIGNIFICANCE The strengths of optical profilometry as an analytical tool for understanding and analyzing biologically relevant processes such as biofilm induced tooth enamel demineralization were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Cross
- UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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da Silva Tagliaferro EP, Rodrigues LKA, Soares LES, Martin AA, Nobre-dos-Santos M. Physical and Compositional Changes on Demineralized Primary Enamel Induced by CO2 Laser. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:585-90. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials and Operative Dentistry Departments, UniVap, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Airton Abrahão Martin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy, Research and Development Institute, IP&D, UniVap, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Soares LES, do Espírito Santo AM, Junior AB, Zanin FANA, da Silva Carvalho C, de Oliveira R, Martin AA. Effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation and manipulation treatments on dentin components, part 1: Fourier transform-Raman study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:024001. [PMID: 19405731 DOI: 10.1117/1.3103285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of laser etching, decontamination, and storage treatments on dentin components were studied using Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy. Thirty bovine incisors were prepared to expose the dentin surface and then divided in two main groups based upon the decontamination process and storage procedure: autoclaved (group A, n=15) or stored in thymol aqueous solution (group B, n=15). The surfaces of the dentin slices were schematically divided into four areas, with each one corresponding to a treatment subgroup. The specimens were either etched with phosphoric acid (control subgroup) or irradiated with erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser (subgroups: I-80 mJ, II-120 mJ, and III-180 mJ, and total energy of 12 J). Samples were analyzed by FT-Raman spectroscopy; we collected three spectra for each area (before and after treatment). The integrated areas of five Raman peaks were calculated to yield average spectra. The areas of the peaks associated with phosphate content (P<0.001), type I collagen, and organic C-H bonds (P<0.05) were reduced significantly in group A (control). Analyses of samples irradiated with reduced laser energies did not show significant changes in the dentin components. These results suggest that thymol storage treatment is advised for in vitro study; furthermore, 12 J of Er:YAG laser energy does not affect dentin components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Vale do Paraiba University, UNIVAP, Dental Materials and Operative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry Research and Development Institute, 12244-000 Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Chimello DT, Serra MC, Rodrigues AL, Pécora JD, Corona SA. Influence of cavity preparation with Er:YAG Laser on enamel adjacent to restorations submitted to cariogenic challenge in situ: A polarized light microscopic analysis. Lasers Surg Med 2008; 40:634-43. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chimello DT, Serra MC, Rodrigues-Júnior AL, Pécora JD, Corona SA. Influence of Er:YAG Laser on Microhardness of Enamel Adjacent to Restorations Submitted to Cariogenic Challengein Situ. Photomed Laser Surg 2008; 26:379-85. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela T. Chimello
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica C. Serra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Rodrigues-Júnior
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesus D. Pécora
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silmara A.M. Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Soares LES, Resende EBPS, Brugnera A, Zanin FAA, Martin AA. Combined FT-Raman and SEM Studies of the Effects of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Dentin. Photomed Laser Surg 2007; 25:239-44. [PMID: 17803378 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the molecular and morphological changes on dentin elements after Er:YAG laser irradiation. BACKGROUND DATA Spectroscopy studies reporting the effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation as an alternative to acid etching are needed to better understand the laser's effects. METHODS The occlusal one-third of the crown of six human third molars was removed. The dentin surface was schematically divided into areas corresponding to four surface treatment groups: control (group C): 37% phosphoric acid etching; group I: Er:YAG laser 80 mJ; group II: Er:YAG laser 120 mJ; and group III: Er:YAG laser 180 mJ. The analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman) before and after the treatments. Raman data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. RESULTS The SEM photomicrographs revealed open dentin tubules in the control group. The molars from groups I, II, and III showed partially open dentin tubules. SEM images showed that the laser-irradiated dentin surface was not favorable to the diffusion of monomers. A significant reduction of the spectra relative intensity was observed in group III specimens. CONCLUSIONS Er:YAG laser irradiation with 180 mJ could produce chemical changes in proteins, phosphate, and carbonate in dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy Laboratory, Research and Development Institute (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Miyakawa W, Pizzo AM, Salvadori MCBS, Watanuki JT, Riva R, Zezell DM. Cavity generation in dental enamel using a copper-HyBrID laser. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2007; 18:1507-13. [PMID: 17387588 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Applications of Cu-HyBrID laser (copper laser with Hydrogen Bromide In Discharge) in Dentistry and AFM (atomic force microscopy) evaluations of dental tissues irradiated by laser are seldom reported in the literature. This work presents an AFM investigation of the cross-section of a cavity generated in human dental enamel by laser thermal evaporation using the Cu-HyBrID laser. The results exposed the structural and morphological differences between the fused and non-fused dental enamel, provide qualitative information about the susceptibility of these tissues to abrasive polishing, and revealed the extension of the thermal damage. Quantitative information concerning the wall thickness and the dimensions of the cross-section of non-fused enamel rod were also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Miyakawa
- Department of Photonics, Instituto de Estudos Avançados - Centro Técnico Aeroespacial, Rodovia dos Tamoios, km 5,5, 12231-970 Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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32
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Abstract
The cutting of dental hard tissue during restorative procedures presents considerable demands on the ability to selectively remove diseased carious tissue, obtain outline and retention form and maintain the integrity of supporting tooth tissue without structural weakening. In addition, the requirement to preserve healthy tissue and prevent further breakdown of the restoration places the choice of instrumentation and clinical technique as prime factors for the dental surgeon. The quest for an alternative treatment modality to the conventional dental turbine has been, essentially, patient-driven and has led to the development of various mechanical and chemical devices. The review of the literature has endorsed the beneficial effects of current laser machines. However utopian, there is additional evidence to support the development of ultra-short (nano- and femto-second) pulsed lasers that are stable in use and commercially viable, to deliver more efficient hard tissue ablation with less risk of collateral thermal damage. This paper explores the interaction of laser energy with dental hard tissues and bone and the integration of current laser wavelengths into restorative and surgical dentistry.
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Liu Y, Hsu CYS. Laser-induced compositional changes on enamel: A FT-Raman study. J Dent 2007; 35:226-30. [PMID: 17045384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Preventive effects of lasers on enamel caries have been documented in the past few decades. However, its specific mechanism remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the laser-induced change of enamel compositions, including carbonate and organic matters using Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman). METHODS Twelve windows (1 mm x 1 mm), created on six defect-free primary incisors, were characterized by FT-Raman microscopy (1024 nm) before and after Er:YAG laser treatment (Fidelis) with 5.1 J/cm(2)-2 Hz-5s. To assess the statistical significance of laser effects, Raman peaks assigned to nu(1) phosphate, type-A/B carbonates, and organic matters were evaluated with the paired-samples t-test. RESULTS The standardized intensity of type B carbonate decreased significantly from 0.117 to 0.106 (p=0.029), whereas the standardized intensity of carbonate A remained unchanged (p=0.467). Related to organic matters, the standardized intensity of peaks at 2940 cm(-1) and in the ranges of 1200-1600 cm(-1) decreased significantly, with p=0.005 and p<0.001, respectively. Revealing enamel crystallinity, the bandwidth of nu(1) phosphate on lased surfaces appeared to be unaltered after laser treatment (p=0.477). CONCLUSIONS Laser treatment may provide caries-preventive effect on enamel through reduction of carbonate and modification of organic matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Republic of Singapore
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Soares LES, Brugnera Junior A, Zanin FAA, Pacheco MTT, Martin AA. Effects of Treatment for Manipulation of Teeth and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Dentin: A Raman Spectroscopy Analysis. Photomed Laser Surg 2007; 25:50-7. [PMID: 17352638 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2006.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of Raman spectroscopy analysis as a research tool to study the effects of Er:YAG laser etching on dentin mineral and organic components. A secondary aim was to study the effects of the decontamination process and the storage procedure on dentin components. BACKGROUND DATA There are no spectroscopy reports relating the effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation as an alternative to acid etching and the manipulation process on the dentin structure. METHODS Twelve non-carious human third molars were divided in two main groups: stored in thymol solution (group A, n = 6) or autoclaved (group B, n = 6). The specimens were either etched with 37% phosphoric acid (control subgroup) or irradiated with Er:YAG laser. Irradiated samples were divided into the following subgroups: I, II, and III (80 mJ, 3 Hz, 30 sec; 120 mJ, 3 Hz, 30 sec; and 180 mJ, 3 Hz, 30 sec, respectively). Samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS The mineral and organic dentin contents were more affected in autoclaved teeth than in the specimens stored in thymol. Peak area reduction in group A specimens treated with phosphoric acid and pulse energy of 80 mJ were the most conservative surface treatments regarding changes in the peak area of organic and inorganic dentin components. CONCLUSION The autoclaving process and pulse energies of 120 and 180 mJ produced greater reduction of organic and inorganic contents in dentin, associated with greater reduction in the areas of 968, 1077, 1460, and 1670 cm(1) Raman peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Biomedic Vibrational Spectroscopy Laboratory, Research and Development Institute, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Klocke A, Mihailova B, Zhang S, Gasharova B, Stosch R, Güttler B, Kahl-Nieke B, Henriot P, Ritschel B, Bismayer U. CO2 laser-induced zonation in dental enamel: A Raman and IR microspectroscopic study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 81:499-507. [PMID: 17034011 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The gradient of structural alteration and molecular exchange across CO(2) laser-irradiated areas in dental enamel was analyzed by Raman and attenuated total reflectance infrared microspectroscopy. The type and the degree of structural changes in morphologically distinguishable zones within the laser spot vary depending on the laser-irradiation parameters--power (1 and 3 W), treatment time (5 and 10 s), and operational mode (super pulse and continuous wave). Using higher power, irrespective of the operation mode, the enamel tissue ablates and a crater is formed. The prevalent phase at the bottom of the crater is dehydrated O(2) (2-)-bearing apatite, that is, the fundamental framework topology is preserved. Additional nonapatite calcium phosphate phases are located mainly at the slope of the laser crater. No structural transformation of mineral component was detected aside the crater rim, only a CO(3)-CO(2) exchange, which decays with the radial distance. A lower-power laser irradiation slightly roughens the enamel surface and the structural modification of enamel apatite is considerably weaker for continuous wave than for super pulse mode. Prolonged low-power laser treatment results in recrystallization, and thus structural recovering of apatite might be of clinical relevance for enamel surface treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Klocke
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University Hospital Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Aranha ACC, Turbino ML, Powell GL, Eduardo CDP. Assessing microleakage of class V resin composite restorations after Er:YAG laser and bur preparation. Lasers Surg Med 2006; 37:172-7. [PMID: 16037969 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the extent of microleakage in cavities prepared with bur and Er:YAG laser, hybridized with different bonding systems. STUDY DESIGN Sixty bovine teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): (G1) Diamond bur + Single Bond; (G2) Diamond bur + AdheSE; (G3) Diamond bur + Clearfil SE Bond; (G4) Er:YAG (250 mJ, 4 Hz, 80.6 J/cm(2)) + Single Bond; (G5)Er:YAG + AdheSE, and (G6) Er:YAG + Clearfil. Cavities were restored with a micro-hybrid composite resin. After thermocycling, the specimens were stained with 2% methylene blue solution and sectioned in the mesiodistal direction. Dye penetration was scored based upon the extent of the dye using a light stereoscope. RESULTS The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test revealed no statistically significant differences between the method of preparation (diamond bur and laser). However, statistical differences were found between the adhesives tested. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, Er:YAG laser confirmed to be as effective as the conventional methods for preparing adhesive restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecilia Corrêa Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 Cidade Universitaria, São Paulo (SP) 05508-900, Brazil.
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Watari F. In situ quantitative analysis of etching process of human teeth by atomic force microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2005; 54:299-308. [PMID: 16148016 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfi056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Etching is one of the most fundamental steps in the restoration of teeth by adhesion of composite resin in dental clinics. Atomic force microscope (AFM) was used for the in situ observation of the etching process of human enamel, dentin and synthetic hydroxyapatite in the three different acid agents, 2% phosphoric acid, 10% citric acid and 10% polyacrylic acid. To measure the absolute depth from the initial level before etching and to correlate the surface height between the changing AFM images obtained, the depth profiles were recorded with etching time by carrying out the line scan consecutively at the representative place of the observed area. These chronological series of depth profiles enabled us to perform quantitative analysis of etched amount in addition to the surface roughness obtained from relative depth profile within one image. The course of etching process from the dissolution of smear layer, appearance of enamel prizms or dentinal tubules to progress of demineralization could clearly be observed. The depth profile, surface roughness, etching amount, etching rate and smear layer thickness could then be evaluated. The different etching characteristics of three acid agents and the effect of surface roughness produced by different mechanical prepolish were compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Watari
- Biomedical, Dental Materials and Engineering, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
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