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Yang Y, Lockwood A. Topical ocular drug delivery systems: Innovations for an unmet need. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:109006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Stapleton F. Contact lens‐related corneal infection in Australia. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 103:408-417. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,
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Yang Y, Bogler A, Ronen Z, Oron G, Herzberg M, Bernstein R. Initial Deposition and Pioneering Colonization on Polymeric Membranes of Anaerobes Isolated from an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5832-5842. [PMID: 32289225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane biofouling constitutes a great challenge in anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). Here, we studied the initial deposition of anaerobes, the first step in biofilm formation, with a consortium isolated from an AnMBR on membranes with different surface properties and under two shear rate conditions without filtration. We found that the cell transfer coefficient, calculated from the initial deposition experiments, was similar under the two shear rates for the hydrophobic membranes, but much higher under low shear rate and much lower under high shear rate, for the hydrophilic membrane. The cell transfer coefficient measured under filtration mode and at a higher shear rate showed a similar trend. The pioneer bacteria and archaea (without filtration) were identified by next-generation sequencing. The results showed that the selective force for the dissimilarity of the pioneer bacterial and archaeal diversity was the shear rate and the membrane surface properties, respectively. However, statistical analyses revealed minor changes in the pioneer bacteria (class level) and archaea (order level) populations under the various conditions. These results shed light on the first step of biofilm formation on the membranes in AnMBRs and emphasize the importance of hydrodynamic shear and membrane surface properties on the initially deposited anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker 8499000, Israel
| | - Anne Bogler
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker 8499000, Israel
| | - Zeev Ronen
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker 8499000, Israel
| | - Gideon Oron
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker 8499000, Israel
| | - Moshe Herzberg
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker 8499000, Israel
| | - Roy Bernstein
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker 8499000, Israel
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Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus from dry surface biofilm (DSB) via different types of gloves. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 40:60-64. [DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundPathogens can survive for extended periods when incorporated into biofilm on dry hospital surfaces (ie, dry-surface biofilm, DSB). Bacteria within biofilm are protected from desiccation and have increased tolerance to cleaning agents and disinfectants.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that gloved hands of healthcare personnel (HCP) become contaminated with DSB bacteria and hence may transmit bacteria associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).MethodStaphylococcus aureus DSB was grown in vitro on coupons in a bioreactor over 12 days with periodic nutrition interspersed with long periods of dehydration. Each coupon had ~107 DSB bacterial cells. Transmission was tested with nitrile, latex, and surgical gloves by gripping DSB-covered coupons then pressing finger tips onto a sterile horse blood agar surface for up to 19 consecutive touches and counting the number of colony-forming units (CFU) transferred. Coupons were immersed in 5% neutral detergent to simulate cleaning, and the experiment was repeated.ResultsBacterial cells were readily transmitted by all 3 types of gloves commonly used by HCP. Surprisingly, sufficient S. aureus to cause infection were transferred from 1 DSB touch up to 19 consecutive touches. Also, 6 times more bacteria were transferred by nitrile and surgical gloves than to latex gloves (P <.001). Treating the DSB with 5% neutral detergent increased the transmission rate of DSB bacteria 10-fold.ConclusionStaphylococcus aureus incorporated into environmental DSB and covered by extracellular polymeric substances readily contaminates gloved hands and can be transferred to another surface. These results confirm the possibility that DSB contributes to HAI acquisition.
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Choi SW, Kim J. Therapeutic Contact Lenses with Polymeric Vehicles for Ocular Drug Delivery: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1125. [PMID: 29966397 PMCID: PMC6073408 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The eye has many barriers with specific anatomies that make it difficult to deliver drugs to targeted ocular tissues, and topical administration using eye drops or ointments usually needs multiple instillations to maintain the drugs’ therapeutic concentration because of their low bioavailability. A drug-eluting contact lens is one of the more promising platforms for controllable ocular drug delivery, and, among various manufacturing methods for drug-eluting contact lenses, incorporation of novel polymeric vehicles with versatile features makes it possible to deliver the drugs in a sustained and extended manner. Using the diverse physicochemical properties of polymers for nanoparticles or implants that are selected according to the characteristics of drugs, enhancement of encapsulation efficiency and prolonged drug release are possible. Even though therapeutic contact lenses with polymeric vehicles allow us to achieve sustained ocular drug delivery, drug leaching during storage and distribution and the possibility of problems related to surface roughness due to the incorporated vehicles still need to be discussed before application in a real clinic. This review highlights the overall trends in methodology to develop therapeutic contact lenses with polymeric vehicles and discusses the limitations including comparison to cosmetically tinted soft contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Physico-chemistry of bacterial transmission versus adhesion. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 250:15-24. [PMID: 29129313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is a main problem in many biomedical, domestic, natural and industrial environments and forms the onset of the formation of a biofilm, in which adhering bacteria grow into a multi-layered film while embedding themselves in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. It is usually assumed that bacterial adhesion occurs from air or by convective-diffusion from a liquid suspension, but often bacteria adhere by transmission from a bacterially contaminated donor to a receiver surface. Therewith bacterial transmission is mechanistically different from adhesion, as it involves bacterial detachment from a donor surface followed by adhesion to a receiver one. Transmission is further complicated when the donor surface is not covered with a single layer of adhering bacteria but with a multi-layered biofilm, in which case bacteria can be transmitted either by interfacial failure at the biofilm-donor surface or through cohesive failure in the biofilm. Transmission through cohesive failure in a biofilm is more common than interfacial failure. The aim of this review is to oppose surface thermodynamics and adhesion force analyses, as can both be applied towards bacterial adhesion, with their appropriate extensions towards transmission. Opposition of surface thermodynamics and adhesion force analyses, will allow to distinguish between transmission of bacteria from a donor covered with a (sub)monolayer of adhering bacteria or a multi-layered biofilm. Contact angle measurements required for surface thermodynamic analyses of transmission are of an entirely different nature than analyses of adhesion forces, usually measured through atomic force microscopy. Nevertheless, transmission probabilities based on Weibull analyses of adhesion forces between bacteria and donor and receiver surfaces, correspond with the surface thermodynamic preferences of bacteria for either the donor or receiver surface. Surfaces with low adhesion forces such as polymer-brush coated or nanostructured surfaces are thus preferable for use as non-adhesive receiver surfaces, but at the same time should be avoided for use as a donor surface. Since bacterial transmission occurs under a contact pressure between two surfaces, followed by their separation under tensile or shear pressure and ultimately detachment, this will affect biofilm structure. During the compression phase of transmission, biofilms are compacted into a more dense film. After transmission, and depending on the ability of the bacterial strain involved to produce extracellular polymeric substances, biofilm left-behind on a donor or transmitted to a receiver surface will relax to its original, pre-transmission structure owing to the viscoelasticity of the extracellular polymeric substances matrix, when present. Apart from mechanistic differences between bacterial adhesion and transmission, the low numbers of bacteria generally transmitted require careful selection of suitably sensitive enumeration methods, for which culturing and optical coherence tomography are suggested. Opposing adhesion and transmission as done in this review, not only yields a better understanding of bacterial transmission, but may stimulate researchers to more carefully consider whether an adhesion or transmission model is most appropriate in the specific area of application aimed for, rather than routinely relying on adhesion models.
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Ţălu Ş, StȨpień K, Caglayan MO. Topographic characterization of unworn contact lenses assessed by atomic force microscopy and wavelet transform. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:1026-31. [PMID: 26389706 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses the three-dimensional (3-D) surface morphology of optic surface of unworn contact lenses (CLs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and wavelet transform. Refractive powers of all lens samples were 2.50 diopters. Topographic images were acquired in contact mode in air-conditioned medium (35% RH, 23°C). Topographic measurements were taken over a 5 µm × 5 µm area with 512 pixel resolution. Resonance frequency of the tip was 65 kHz. The 3-D surface morphology of CL unworn samples revealed (3-D) micro-textured surfaces that can be analyzed using (AFM) and wavelet transform. AFM and wavelet transform are accurate and sensitive tools that may assist CL manufacturers in developing CLs with optimal surface characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan Ţălu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of AET, Discipline of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 B-Dul Muncii St., Cluj-Napoca 400641, Cluj, Romania
| | - Krzysztof StȨpień
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Metrology, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Aleja 1000-Lecia Państwa Polskiego 7, Kielce, 25-314, Poland
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Kim SA, Jung JW, Seo KY, Lee HK, Kim EK, Kim TI. Comparison and Investigation of the National Standards for Tinted Contact Lenses between Various Countries. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2015.56.11.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Kim
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Im Kim
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Surface Roughness and Refractive Index Changes in Contact Lens Induced by Lens Care Systems. Eye Contact Lens 2014; 40:140-7. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chan KY, Cho P, Boost M. Microbial adherence to cosmetic contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2014; 37:267-72. [PMID: 24440107 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether cosmetic contact lenses (CCL) with surface pigments affect microbial adherence. METHOD Fifteen brands of CCL were purchased from optical, non-optical retail outlets, and via the Internet. A standardized rub-off test was performed on each CCL (five lenses per brand) to confirm the location of the pigments. The rub-off test comprised gentle rubbing on the surfaces of each CCL with wetted cotton buds for a maximum of 20 rubs per surface. A new set of CCL (five lenses per brand) were incubated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa overnight. Viable counts of adhered bacteria were determined by the number of colony-forming units (CFU) on agar media on each lens. The adherence of P. aeruginosa as well as Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marcescens to three brands of CCL (A-C) (five lenses per brand) were also compared to their adherences on their clear counterparts. RESULTS Only two of the 15 brands of CCL tested (brands B and C) had pigments that did not detach with the rub-off test. The remaining 13 brands of CCL all failed the rub-off test and these lenses showed higher P. aeruginosa adherence (8.7 × 10(5)-1.9 × 10(6) CFU/lens). Brands B and C lenses showed at least six times less bacterial adhesion than the other 13 brands. Compared to their clear counterparts, bacterial adherence to brands B and C lenses did not differ significantly, whereas brand A lenses showed significantly higher adherence. CONCLUSION Surface pigments on CCL resulted in significantly higher bacterial adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yin Chan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Pauline Cho
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Maureen Boost
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Ţălu Ş, Stach S. Multifractal characterization of unworn hydrogel contact lens surfaces. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan Ţălu
- Department of AET, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Discipline of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics; 103-105 B-dul Muncii St. Cluj-Napoca 400641 Cluj Romania
| | - Sebastian Stach
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems; University of Silesia, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Informatics; ul. Będzińska 39, 41-205 Sosnowiec Poland
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Ţălu Ş. Characterization of surface roughness of unworn hydrogel contact lenses at a nanometric scale using methods of modern metrology. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Moore G, Dunnill CW, Wilson APR. The effect of glove material upon the transfer of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to and from a gloved hand. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41:19-23. [PMID: 22981164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although disposable gloves can protect the hands of a health care worker from acquiring bacteria, during patient care the glove surface itself can become heavily contaminated making cross transmission via contaminated gloved hands likely. The aim of this study was to determine whether the type of glove worn by health care workers could influence the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODS Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the ease with which MRSA was transferred between different types of glove and surfaces likely to be found within the ward environment. RESULTS In the absence of simulated body fluid, mean bacterial transfer to and from the different gloves ranged from 0.1% to 16% and from 0.01% to 19.5%, respectively. Glove material and glove hydrophobicity were identified as the 2 most important factors influencing bacterial transfer. Nitrile gloves were associated with the lowest transfer rates. The highest numbers of bacteria were transferred to and from the most hydrophilic and most hydrophobic glove, respectively. The adsorption of simulated body fluids altered the physiochemical properties of the gloves. Bacterial transfer significantly increased and was similar to and from all glove types. CONCLUSION Disposable glove type can affect cross-contamination rates among patient, health care worker, and environment. Nonetheless, choice of glove should be considered less important than the correct use of gloves and proper hand hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginny Moore
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Ali S, Moore G, Wilson A. Effect of surface coating and finish upon the cleanability of bed rails and the spread of Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 2012; 80:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Giraldez MJ, García-Resúa C, Lira M, Oliveira MECDR, Yebra-Pimentel E. White light interferometry to characterize the hydrogel contact lens surface. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2010; 30:289-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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González-Méijome JM, López-Alemany A, Almeida JB, Parafita MA. Surface AFM microscopy of unworn and worn samples of silicone hydrogel contact lenses. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 88:75-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lira M, Santos L, Azeredo J, Yebra-Pimentel E, Oliveira MECDR. Comparative study of silicone-hydrogel contact lenses surfaces before and after wear using atomic force microscopy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 85:361-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Knobben BAS, van der Mei HC, van Horn JR, Busscher HJ. Transfer of bacteria between biomaterials surfaces in the operating room—An experimental study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 80:790-9. [PMID: 17058211 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to and transfer between surfaces is a complicated process. With regard to the success of biomaterials implants, studies on bacterial adhesion and transfer should not be confined to biomaterials surfaces in the human body, but also encompass surfaces in the operating room, where the origin of many biomaterials related infections is found. The purpose of this study was to quantify the transfer of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes from one operating room material to another, while accounting for surface hydrophobicity and roughness, moistness and application of friction during transfer. The tested operating room materials were gloves, broaches (orthopaedic drills), theatre gowns, and light handles. As a possible clinical intervention method to prevent transfer, it was investigated whether dipping the gloves in a chlorhexidine splash-basin affected the viability of the transferred bacteria. Transfer (moist and without friction) was demonstrated to some extent with all bacterial strains and with every material, ranging from 17% to 71%, and was influenced by the bacterial strain, moistness of the inoculum, the application of friction, and the characteristics of both the donating and the receiving surface. Dipping the glove material in 4% or 0.4% chlorhexidine solutions killed all bacteria present, regardless of whether surfaces were dried or moist and thus prevented transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas A S Knobben
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, and University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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