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Khan A, Zaman M, Waqar MA, Mahmood A, Shaheer T, Sarfraz RM, Shahzadi K, Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Kundu MK, Islam MR, Alexiou A, Papadakis M. Sustained release delivery of favipiravir through statistically optimized, chemically cross-linked, pH-sensitive, swellable hydrogel. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:31. [PMID: 38685129 PMCID: PMC11057099 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current work, favipiravir (an antiviral drug) loaded pH-responsive polymeric hydrogels were developed by the free redical polymerization technique. Box-Behnken design method via Design Expert version 11 was employed to furnish the composition of all hydrogel formulations. Here, polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been utilized as a polymer, acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer, and potassium persulfate (KPS) and methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA) as initiator and cross-linker, respectively. All networks were evaluated for in-vitro drug release (%), sol-gel fraction (%), swelling studies (%), porosity (%), percentage entrapment efficiency, and chemical compatibilities. According to findings, the swelling was pH sensitive and was shown to be greatest at a pH of 6.8 (2500%). The optimum gel fraction offered was 97.8%. A sufficient porosity allows the hydrogel to load a substantial amount of favipiravir despite its hydrophobic behavior. Hydrogels exhibited maximum entrapment efficiency of favipiravir upto 98%. The in-vitro release studies of drug-formulated hydrogel revealed that the drug release from hydrogel was between 85 to 110% within 24 h. Drug-release kinetic results showed that the Korsmeyer Peppas model was followed by most of the developed formulations based on the R2 value. In conclusion, the hydrogel-based technology proved to be an excellent option for creating the sustained-release dosage form of the antiviral drug favipiravir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooj Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Waqar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan
| | - Talal Shaheer
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Shahzadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research and Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research and Development, AFNP Med, Wien, 1030, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Mehta P, Sharma M, Devi M. Hydrogels: An overview of its classifications, properties, and applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106145. [PMID: 37797557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The review paper starts with the introduction to hydrogels along with broad literature survey covering different modes of synthesis including high energy radiation methods. After that, paper covered broad classification of the hydrogels depending upon the basis of their source of origin, method of synthesis, type of cross-linking present and ionic charges on bound groups. Another advanced category response triggered hydrogels, which includes pH, temperature, electro, and light and substrate responsive hydrogels was also studied. Presented paper summarises chemical structure, properties, and synthesis of different kinds of hydrogels. Main focus was given to the preparation super absorbents such as: Semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs), Interpenetrating networks (IPNs) and cross-linked binary graft copolymers (BGCPs). The weak mechanical properties and easy degradation limit the uses of bio-based -hydrogels in biomedical field. Their properties can be improved through different chemical and physical methods. These methods were also discussed in the current research paper. Also, it includes development of hydrogels as controlled drug delivery devices, as implants and biomaterials to replace malfunctioned body parts along with their use in several other applications listed in the literature. Literature survey on the application of hydrogels in different fields like biomedical, nano-biotechnology, tissue engineering, drug delivery and agriculture was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Mehta
- Department of Applied Sciences, CEC-Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences, CEC-Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
| | - Meena Devi
- Department of Applied Sciences, CEC-Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
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Afzal S, Barkat K, Ashraf MU, Khalid I, Mehmood Y, Shah NH, Badshah SF, Naeem S, Khan SA, Kazi M. Formulation and Characterization of Polymeric Cross-Linked Hydrogel Patches for Topical Delivery of Antibiotic for Healing Wound Infections. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071652. [PMID: 37050266 PMCID: PMC10096797 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing faces significant challenges in clinical settings. It often contains a series of dynamic and complex physiological healing processes. Instead of creams, ointments and solutions, alternative treatment approaches are needed. The main objective of the study was to formulate bacitracin zinc-loaded topical patches as a new therapeutic agent for potential wound healing. A free radical polymerization technique was optimized for synthesis. Polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG-8000) was chemically cross-linked with acrylic acid in aqueous medium, using Carbopol 934 as a permeation enhancer and tween 80 as surfactant. Ammonium persulfate and N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) were utilized as initiator and cross-linker. FTIR, DSC, TGA, and SEM were performed, and patches were evaluated for swelling dynamics, sol-gel analysis, in vitro drug release in various media. A Franz diffusion cell was used for the permeation study. Irritation and wound healing with the drug-loaded patches were also studied. The characterization studies confirmed the formation of a cross-linked hydrogel network. The highest swelling and drug release were observed in formulations containing highest Polyethylene glycol-8000 and lowest N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide concentrations. The pH-sensitive behavior of patches was also confirmed as more swelling, drug release and drug permeation across skin were observed at pH 7.4. Fabricated patches showed no sign of irritation or erythema as evaluated by the Draize scale. Faster wound healing was also observed with fabricated patches compared to marketed formulations. Therefore, such a polymeric network can be a promising technology for speeding up wound healing and minor skin injuries through enhanced drug deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Afzal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (S.A.K.)
| | | | - Ikrima Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Mehmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Saba Naeem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Raafat AI, Mahmoud GA, Ali AEH, Badawy NA, Elshahawy MF. In vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive and self-disinfection efficiency of (acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol)-silver nanocomposites for buccal drug delivery. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911517710665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A mucoadhesive drug delivery system can improve the effectiveness of a drug, allowing targeting and localization at a specific site. According to this assumption, γ-irradiation as eco-friendly technique was employed to synthesize (acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol) copolymer hydrogel of different compositions. Silver nanoparticles were prepared within (acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol) hydrogel network by means of in situ reduction of silver nitrate using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. Swelling characteristics in distilled water and simulated saliva solution were studied as a function of copolymer composition and preparation irradiation dose. (Acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol) hydrogels and their developed Agº nanocomposites have been characterized using scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Mucoadhesive strength as well as self-disinfection efficiency expressed as antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains was evaluated. Propranolol HCl as model drug was used to evaluate the potential efficiency of the obtained (acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol)-Agº nanocomposites as mucoadhesive drug carrier. The obtained results showed that the (acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol)-Agº nanocomposites show a promising self-disinfection property, and the propranolol HCl–loaded composites were able to deliver the loaded drug in a sustainable manner that lasts for about 600 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany I Raafat
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Mahmoud
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr El-Hag Ali
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa A Badawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai F Elshahawy
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Synthesis of radiation crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) in the presence of phenyltriethoxysilane. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alarifi AS. Retracted: Drug release properties of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/acrylic acid copolymer hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li H, Lai F. Transient analysis of the effect of the initial fixed charge density on the kinetic characteristics of the ionic-strength-sensitive hydrogel by a multi-effect-coupling model. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1233-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Poly(maleic anhydride-co-acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with pH- and ionic-strength-responses. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-010-9191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A study on the swelling behavior of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels obtained by electron beam crosslinking. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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El‐Hag Ali A, Abd El‐Rehim HA, Kamal H, Hegazy DEA. Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Based Drug Carrier Hydrogel Using Ionizing Radiation for Possible Use as Site Specific Delivery System. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320802168751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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