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Verma D, Okhawilai M, Goh KL, Thakur VK, Senthilkumar N, Sharma M, Uyama H. Sustainable functionalized chitosan based nano-composites for wound dressings applications: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116580. [PMID: 37474094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized chitosan nanocomposites have been studied for wound dressing applications due to their excellent antibacterial and anti-fungal properties. Polysaccharides show excellent antibacterial and drug-release properties and can be utilized for wound healing. In this article, we comprise distinct approaches for chitosan functionalization, such as photosensitizers, dendrimers, graft copolymerization, quaternization, acylation, carboxyalkylation, phosphorylation, sulfation, and thiolation. The current review article has also discussed brief insights on chitosan nanoparticle processing for biomedical applications, including wound dressings. The chitosan nanoparticle preparation technologies have been discussed, focusing on wound dressings owing to their targeted and controlled drug release behavior. The future directions of chitosan research include; a) finding an effective solution for chronic wounds, which are unable to heal completely; b) providing effective wound healing solutions for diabetic wounds and venous leg ulcers; c) to better understanding the wound healing mechanism with such materials which can help provide the optimum solution for wound dressing; d) to provide an improved treatment option for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Verma
- International Graduate Program of Nanoscience and Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Manunya Okhawilai
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kheng Lim Goh
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; Newcastle University in Singapore, 567739, Singapore
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom
| | - Nangan Senthilkumar
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Yanat M, Colijn I, de Boer K, Schroën K. Comparison of the Degree of Acetylation of Chitin Nanocrystals Measured by Various Analysis Methods. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020294. [PMID: 36679175 PMCID: PMC9865271 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin and its derivate chitosan have versatile properties and have been used in various applications. One key parameter determining the functionality of chitin-based materials is the degree of acetylation (DA). For DA determination, NMR and FTIR spectroscopy are often considered to be the gold standard, but these techniques may not always be available and are rather time-consuming and costly. The first derivative UV method has been suggested, although accurate measurements can be challenging for materials with high degrees of acetylation, due to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation and other side reactions occurring. In this paper, we re-evaluated the first derivate UV method for chitin and chitosan powder, chitin nanocrystals, and deacetylated chitin nanocrystals. Our results showed that the first derivative UV method is capable of measuring DA with high accuracy (>0.9), leading to values comparable to those obtained by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR. Moreover, by-product formation could either be suppressed by selecting the proper experimental conditions, or be compensated. For chitin nanocrystals, DA calculation deviations up to 20% due to by-product formation can be avoided with the correction that we propose. We conclude that the first derivative UV method is an accessible method for DA quantification, provided that sample solubility is warranted.
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Chitin Nanocrystals Provide Antioxidant Activity to Polylactic Acid Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142965. [PMID: 35890741 PMCID: PMC9320242 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
About 1/3rd of produced food goes to waste, and amongst others, advanced packaging concepts need to be developed to prevent this from happening. Here, we target the antioxidative functionality of food packaging to thus address food oxidation without the need for the addition of antioxidants to the food product, which is not desirable from a consumer point of view. Chitin nanocrystals (ChNC) have been shown to be promising bio-fillers for improving the mechanical strength of biodegradable plastics, but their potential as active components in plastic films is rather unexplored. In the current study, we investigate the antioxidant activity of chitin nanocrystals as such and as part of polylactic acid (PLA) films. This investigation was conducted using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. Chitin nanocrystals produced via acid hydrolysis showed five times higher activity compared to crude chitin powder. When using these crystals as part of a polylactic acid film (either inside or on top), in both scenarios, antioxidant activity was found, but the effect was considerably greater when the particles were at the surface of the film. This is an important proof of the principle that it is possible to create biodegradable plastics with additional functionality through the addition of ChNC.
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Improved method for production of chitin and chitosan from shrimp shells. Carbohydr Res 2020; 489:107913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jing Y, Diao Y, Yu X. Free radical-mediated conjugation of chitosan with tannic acid: Characterization and antioxidant capacity. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Effects of low–frequency ultrasound on heterogenous deacetylation of chitin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1604-1610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cuong HN, Minh NC, Van Hoa N, Trung TS. Preparation and characterization of high purity β-chitin from squid pens ( Loligo chenisis ). Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:442-447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Watson HR, Apperley DC, Dixon DP, Edwards R, Hodgson DRW. An efficient method for 15N-labeling of chitin in fungi. Biomacromolecules 2010; 10:793-7. [PMID: 19249848 DOI: 10.1021/bm8012814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To permit facile (15)N solid-state NMR (ssNMR) analysis of the degree of acetylation (DA) of chitinous materials in fungi a method for the introduction of a (15)N isotopic label has been developed. Using Penicillium chrysogenum as a model system, a series of (15)N-based media were surveyed for their abilities to support mycelial growth, and a rich medium supplemented with ((15)NH(4))(2)SO(4) supported good growth. Uptake of label into chitin extracted from mycelia grown in the rich ((15)NH(4))(2)SO(4)-based media was monitored by mass spectrometry, with approximately 1 g/L of ((15)NH(4))(2)SO(4) leading to approximately 65% incorporation. The labeled chitin was studied by ssNMR to determine its DA, and the (15)N label permitted measurement of DA to within 0.5% with acquisition times of on the order of half an hour. Similar studies validated the method for DA measurements on chitin from cultures of Aspergillus niger and Mucor rouxii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Watson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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