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Jansen van Rensburg K, Kritzinger D, Arnold S, Buchanan GD. In vitro comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of an ormocer with an ormocer-based composite and a nanocomposite restorative material. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:820-831. [PMID: 37340769 PMCID: PMC10582235 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare an ormocer with a first generation ormocer-based composite and a nanocomposite in terms of surface roughness, surface hardness, and microleakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ormocer (Admira Fusion), a first generation ormocer-based composite (Admira) and a nanocomposite (Filtek Z350 XT) were prepared strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and recommendation to provide optimal material properties. Twelve disk samples of each material were evaluated to assess both surface roughness and surface hardness. For surface roughness, all samples were finished, polished, and Ra values measured with a profilometer. For surface hardness, samples were stored in an incubator, polished and a Vickers diamond indenter was used to record values. For microleakage, 36 standardized, Class V cavities were prepared and randomly divided into three groups. Restored teeth were thermally fatigued, immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 48 h, sectioned, and scored for occlusal and gingival microleakage. RESULTS Statistical significance was set at p < .05. The one-way analysis of variance identified no significant difference in terms of surface roughness between the three material groups (p > .05). A significantly higher surface hardness was identified for the nanocomposite compared to both the ormocer (p < .001) and ormocer-based composite (p < .001). Fisher's exact test identified no significant difference in terms of occlusal microleakage (p = .534) and gingival microleakage (p = .093) between the three material groups. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in terms of surface roughness or microleakage were noted. The nanocomposite was significantly harder than the ormocer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien Jansen van Rensburg
- Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaRivieraSouth Africa
| | - Dorette Kritzinger
- Present address:
Department of Operative DentistrySefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityGa‐RankuwaSouth Africa
| | - Samantha Arnold
- Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaRivieraSouth Africa
| | - Glynn D. Buchanan
- Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaRivieraSouth Africa
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A Comparative Study of the Mechanical Properties of Selected Dental Composites with a Dual-Curing System with Light-Curing Composites. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dual-curing composites have a wide spectrum of use in practice (rebuilding, reconstruction, and luting). The characterization of this type of material and comparative study of selected mechanical properties with light-cured materials were carried out for this paper. In this study, we used six materials with a dual-cure system—Bulk EZ, Fill-Up!, StarFill 2B, Rebilda DC, MultiCore Flow, Activa Bioactive-Restorative—and three light-cured materials—Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior, Charisma Classic, and G-aenial Universal Flo. The materials were conditioned for 24 h in water at 37 °C before testing. Selected material properties were determined: three-point bending flexural strength, diametral tensile strength, hardness, microhardness, and shrinkage stress. The highest three-point bending flexural strength (TPB) was 137.0 MPa (G-aenial Universal Flo), while the lowest amounted to 86.5 MPa (Activa Bioactive). The diametral tensile strength (DTS) values were in a range from 39.2 MPa (Rebilda DC) to 54.1 MPa (Charisma Classic). The lowest hardness (HV) value of 26 was obtained by the Activa Bioactive material, while the highest values were recorded for Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior and Charisma Classic-53. The shrinkage stress of the tested materials ranged from 6.3 MPa (Charisma Classic) to 13.2 MPa (G-aenial Universal Flo). Dual-curing composites were found to have similar properties to light-cured composites.
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Zenthöfer A, Bermejo JL, Bömicke W, Frese C, Gülmez R, Rammelsberg P, Ohlmann B. Early failures when using three different adhesively retained core build-up materials-a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1927-1936. [PMID: 34491449 PMCID: PMC8816765 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To compare the failure rates for three different adhesively retained core build-up composites up to the incorporation of a permanent fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), and to identify potential failure risk factors. Material and methods A randomized controlled trial of 300 participants in need of a core build-up to restore a vital abutment tooth before prosthetic treatment was conducted. Participants were assigned by stratified block randomization to one of three study groups: Rebilda DC (RDC), Clearfil DC Core (CDC), or Multicore Flow (MF). Test teeth were prepared by use of the respective manufacturer’s adhesive system. The total-etch technique was used for RDC and MF, and the self-etch technique for CDC. Participants were treated by dentists (n = 150) or dental students (n = 150). Failure rates of core build-ups before incorporation of FDPs were investigated using univariate and multiple logistic regression. Results The overall failure rate was 8% (n = 23). Rate differences between the three investigated groups did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). The mean time between placement of core build-ups and placement of fixed dental prostheses was 12.2 (SD: 14.2) weeks. Conversely, larger cavities (> 3 surfaces) and treatment by dental students were independently associated with an increased failure risk (p < 0.05). Conclusions The main risk factors for early failure seem to be the size of the core build-up and clinical experience of the operator, whereas failure rates of core build-up materials combined with a self-etch approach seem to be similar to the rates of materials combined with the total-etch technique. Clinical significance This research article should give clinicians an impression of the short-term performance of different adhesively retained core build-ups using different adhesive techniques/materials. Moreover, predominant influencing factors for the success or failure should be pictured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zenthöfer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, INF 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bömicke
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Frese
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rumeysa Gülmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Ohlmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lien W, Roberts H, Vandewalle K. Hardness Development in Resin Composite Core Materials. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:305-313. [PMID: 34087039 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the hardness characteristics of 13 contemporary resin core materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 12) were fabricated using stainless steel molds with top surfaces of dual-cure products photopolymerized while additional groups were allowed to self-cure. Twelve Knoop hardness indentations 500 microns apart were obtained of photopolymerized top and bottom sample surfaces as well as the self-cured sample surface with the mean recorded as the representative sample hardness. Testing was completed at 10 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours. In addition, hardness values were compared to that obtained from polished coronal dentin samples. Mean data between groups were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's, within groups with repeated measures ANOVA/Tukey's. RESULTS Hardness results were material dependent. All but two products demonstrated a 0.8 bottom/top Knoop hardness ratio at 10 minutes. Product's self-cure cure reaction did not attain hardness similarity with any photopolymerized top surfaces and while some materials were found to have similar dentin hardness to resin top surface ratio similarity, only one product had hardness equal to or greater than that of dentin during any time period. CONCLUSIONS Under this study's conditions, hardness development was material dependent and all but two products demonstrated adequate hardness-derived degree of cure assessment at 10 minutes after preparation. Self-cured samples demonstrated hardness increase; however, no self-cured material achieved hardness similarity to photopolymerized top surfaces. None of the materials achieved hardness similarity to dentin and only one product demonstrated hardness greater than that of dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lien
- USAF Dental Research & Consultation Service, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Howard Roberts
- University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ruengrungsom C, Burrow MF, Parashos P, Palamara JEA. Evaluation of F, Ca, and P release and microhardness of eleven ion-leaching restorative materials and the recharge efficacy using a new Ca/P containing fluoride varnish. J Dent 2020; 102:103474. [PMID: 32941973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), and phosphate (P) release of ion-leaching restorative materials (ILMs), their recharge efficacy with a Ca/P-containing F varnish, and relative microhardness. METHODS Thirteen groups of materials were investigated. Cylindrical-shaped specimens were fabricated. Deionised water or lactic-acid solution were used as the storage media. Solutions were changed after 1d, 4d, 7d, and 14d of ion release and at the same periods after recharge with MI Varnish (7 -h storage). F, Ca, and P measurements were accomplished using a fluoride-ion selective electrode, atomic absorption spectrometry, and colourimetric method by spectrophotometer, respectively. Relative Vickers hardness was proceeded with similar specimens used in the F assay (4 periods). SEM/EDS was additionally performed. Statistical analyses were calculated in each parameter (p < 0.05). RESULT Hardness of several ILMs immediately increased after recharge. After 28d, Ketac Universal [a high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement (HVGIC)] showed the highest hardness similar to the resin composite control. Although 2 HVGICs (Zirconomer and Equia Forte Fil) ranked as first and second for F release/re-release, some HVGICs had inferior or comparable F capacity to RMGICs (Fuji VIII and Fuji II LC) and a resin-based (RB) ILM (Cention N). Cention N, Activa-Restorative (RB-ILM), and Zirconomer were the top-3 ranking for Ca release/re-release. Activa-Restorative showed the highest P release, whereas Cention N displayed the greatest recharge ability for P. CONCLUSIONS Zirconomer showed a versatile performance for ion-release/re-release, especially for F. Cention N had excellent capacity in relation to Ca release and recharge ability of Ca/P. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE With the F varnish recharge protocol, Zirconomer, Equia Forte, and Fuji VIII seems to have an ability to inhibit initial caries initiation. Cention N is a promising resin-based material that could be an alternative for high caries risk patients due to the high Ca release/recharge with acceptable F release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu Ruengrungsom
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Peter Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Joseph E A Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Lassila L, Keulemans F, Vallittu PK, Garoushi S. Characterization of restorative short-fiber reinforced dental composites. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:992-999. [PMID: 32779605 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate and compare certain physical properties including surface-wear of five commercial short fiber-reinforced composites (SFRCs; Alert, NovaPro-Flow, NovaPro-Fill, everX Flow and everX Posterior). The following properties were examined according to ISO: flexural strength, flexural modulus, fracture toughness, water sorption. Degree of conversion was determined by FTIR-spectrometry. A wear test was conducted with 15,000 chewing-cycles using a chewing-simulator. Polymerization shrinkage-stress was measured using tensilometer. SEM was used to evaluate the microstructure of SFRCs. everX Flow exhibited the highest fracture toughness (2.8 MPa m1/2) and the lowest wear depth (20.4 µm) values (p<0.05) among the SFRCs tested. NovaPro Fill (141.5 MPa) and everX Flow (147 MPa) presented the highest flexural strength values (p<0.05). everX Flow showed the highest shrinkage-stress value (5.3 MPa) while other SFRCs had comparable values. The use of SFRCs in dentistry can be advantageous, but special attention should be given to the selection of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Filip Keulemans
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku.,City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
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Heravi F, Bagheri H, Rangrazi A, Zebarjad SM. Incorporation of CPP-ACP into Luting and Lining GIC: Influence on Wear Rate (in the Presence of Artificial Saliva) and Compressive Strength. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1867-1871. [PMID: 33440523 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of mechanical and antibacterial properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs) is an important goal in dental research. In this way, modification of GIC with caries preventive and remineralizing materials such as casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is a new strategy to enhance its anticariogenic properties and the remineralization of teeth. However, one main concern is that adding CPP-ACP may have negative effects on the mechanical properties of GIC. This study investigated the influence of adding CPP-ACP on the wear rate (in the presence of artificial saliva) and compressive strength of luting and lining glass ionomer cement. CPP-ACP was incorporated into a luting and lining glass ionomer cement at different percentages (1, 1.56, and 2%). Wear rate and compressive strength were measured for each group using Pin-on-Disk tribometer device (in artificial saliva condition) and universal testing machine, respectively. The wear test was carried out in the presence of artificial saliva for better simulation of the oral environment. Our results demonstrated that increasing the percentage of CPP-ACP from 0 up to 1.56% (w/w), caused a decrease of 19% in the wear rate. However, at 2% (w/w) CPP-ACP, the wear rate increased. Compressive strength was improved by 31% when the CPP-ACP concentration was increased to 1.56% (w/w), but decreased when the concentration was raised to 2% (w/w). In conclusion, adding 1.56% CPP-ACP into luting and lining glass ionomer cement appears to provide an acceptable combination of two important mechanical properties, compressive strength and wear rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Heravi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bagheri
- Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolrasoul Rangrazi
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Zebarjad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Sunbul HA, Silikas N, Watts DC. Surface and bulk properties of dental resin- composites after solvent storage. Dent Mater 2016; 32:987-97. [PMID: 27238832 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the surface micro-hardness and the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites after storage in food simulating solvents. METHODS Eight materials were investigated. For the micro-hardness measurement, Teflon mould with an internal dimensions of 10mm and 2mm (n=15). For the DTS measurement, Split stainless steel moulds were used to make disk-shaped specimens of 6mm diameter and 2mm thickness (n=15). Materials were subdivided in to three groups (water, 75% ethanol/water and MEK). Micro-hardness measurements were made under a load of 300gm with a dwell time of 15s at 7, 30, and 90ds after storage. DTS was measured after 30ds at a cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. RESULTS The storage time and type of solvent had a significant influence on the micro-hardness. MEK showed more drastic reduction in the material micro-hardness with an exception of G-aenial universal flo (GA-F) which showed similar results in water/ethanol and MEK. DTS values of materials stored in water ranged from 48.7MPa for the GA-F and 30.6MPa for Ever X posterior (EXP). Generally, the results are observed to decrease with increasing solvent power, except for GA-F. SIGNIFICANCE Bulk-fill materials showed no superior results compared with the other materials. For the bulk-fill materials that are designed to be used as a base, their penetration by the solvents may be shielded and thus the changes observed in this study may not be of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al Sunbul
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - David C Watts
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Are resin composites suitable replacements for amalgam? A study of two-body wear. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1485-92. [PMID: 25491442 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Wear resistance is an important property of the dental materials, particularly for large restorations in the posterior regions and for the patients suffering from parafunctional activities. Additionally, the wear resistance of flowable composite resin materials is a clinical concern, although they are popular among dentists because of their easy handling. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the wear resistance of nine composite resins both condensable (G-aenial posterior, Venus, GrandioSO, Tetric EvoCeram, Ceram X duo, Filtek Supreme XTE) and new-generation flowable resin composites (G-aenial Universal Flo, GrandioSO Flow and GrandioSO Heavy Flow) and to compare these results with amalgam. MATERIALS AND METHOD Eight specimens of each material were subjected to two-body wear tests, using a chewing simulator. The wear region of each material was examined under profilometer, measuring the vertical loss (μm) and the volume loss (mm(3)) of the materials. Additionally, SEM analysis was performed to assess surfaces irregularities. RESULTS The results showed significant difference of the vertical loss and the volume loss of the examined materials (p < 0.001). Although amalgam had the best wear resistance, two condensable resin composites (GrandioSO, Ceram X duo) and all flowable materials had no significant difference with amalgam. GrandioSO had the highest wear resistance and Filtek Supreme XTE the lowest wear resistance. CONCLUSION The majority of resin composites had good wear resistance and similar to amalgam. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Based on the in vitro measurements of two-body wear resistance, the new resin composites could replace amalgam for restorations placed in occlusal stress-bearing regions. New-generation flowable resin materials may also be used in occlusal contact restorations.
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Dirxen C, Blunck U, Preissner S. Clinical performance of a new biomimetic double network material. Open Dent J 2013; 7:118-22. [PMID: 24167534 PMCID: PMC3807582 DOI: 10.2174/1874210620130904003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of ceramics during the last years was overwhelming. However, the focus was laid on the hardness and the strength of the restorative materials, resulting in high antagonistic tooth wear. This is critical for patients with bruxism. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the new double hybrid material for non-invasive treatment approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS The new approach of the material tested, was to modify ceramics to create a biomimetic material that has similar physical properties like dentin and enamel and is still as strong as conventional ceramics. RESULTS The produced crowns had a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. To evaluate the clinical performance and durability of the crowns, the patient was examined half a year later. The crowns were still intact and soft tissues appeared healthy and this was achieved without any loss of tooth structure. CONCLUSIONS The material can be milled to thin layers, but is still strong enough to prevent cracks which are stopped by the interpenetrating polymer within the network. Depending on the clinical situation, minimally- up to non-invasive restorations can be milled. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dentistry aims in preservation of tooth structure. Patients suffering from loss of tooth structure (dental erosion, Amelogenesis imperfecta) or even young patients could benefit from minimally-invasive crowns. Due to a Vickers hardness between dentin and enamel, antagonistic tooth wear is very low. This might be interesting for treating patients with bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dirxen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Assmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a nanofilled resin coat on the flexural strength (FS) and the early wear (after 50,000 and 200,000 cycles) of the glass-ionomer cements Fuji IX GP Extra (FIXE) and Ketac Molar Aplicap (KM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were prepared and half of them were coated with G-Coat plus. The uncoated specimens were used as controls. Flexural strength (n = 10) was evaluated after 24 h using a 3-point bending test on a universal testing machine (ISO 9917-2). Wear (n = 20) was evaluated after 50,000 and 200,000 cycles using the ACTA wear machine. One-way, two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to analyze differences in FS and wear. RESULTS For FIXE the coat significantly increased the FS and the wear along the two time spans. KM did not show a significant difference in FS with the coat. Improvements in wear were observed only after 50,000 cycles. CONCLUSION Based on these laboratory results, it is concluded that G-coat Plus is indicated in association with GP IX Extra with the aim to improve the mechanical properties of the former. However, this study is limited to a short-term observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Calil Bonifácio
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Sterzenbach G, Karajouli G, Naumann M, Peroz I, Bitter K. Fiber post placement with core build-up materials or resin cements-an evaluation of different adhesive approaches. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 70:368-76. [PMID: 21815838 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.603702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare push-out bond strength of fiber-posts luted with different adhesive approaches to root canal dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty maxillary first incisors were decoronated and endodontically treated. Specimens were randomly distributed into five groups (n = 8) and fiber-posts (DentinPost coated, Komet) were inserted using five different luting materials: etch-and-rinse adhesive systems and corresponding core-and-post material in groups 1 (DentinBond/DentinBuild, Komet) and 2 (XP Bond + SCA/Core-X flow, Densply), self-adhesive resin cements in groups 3 (RelyX Unicem, 3M Espe) and 4 (SmartCem 2, Dentsply) and a self-etch adhesive/resin cement in group 5 (ED-Primer II/Panavia F 2.0, Kuraray). The roots were sectioned into eight 1 mm thick serial slices and within 48 h push-out bond strength was investigated. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametrical Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Mann-Whitney U-test for differences between experimental groups at p < 0.05. The failure modes were analyzed using Chi square test. RESULTS The bond strength [MPa] (mean/min-max) for groups 3 (12.35/3.60-32.44), 4 (13.52/4.48-30.69) and 2 (11.15/5.23-35.58) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to groups 1 (6.66/2.34-24.89) and 5 (7.41/0.28-34.18). Adhesive failure between dentin and luting agent was the most frequent failure mode. CONCLUSIONS Bond strength of fiber-posts adhesively luted to root canal dentin was significantly higher when self-adhesive resin cements were used. One (group 2) of the tested core-and-post materials/etch-and-rinse adhesive achieved comparable bond strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Sterzenbach
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, University School of Dental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Tchorz JP, Doll R, Wolkewitz M, Hellwig E, Hannig C. Microhardness of composite materials with different organic phases in deep class II cavities: an in vitro study. Oper Dent 2011; 36:502-11. [PMID: 21843028 DOI: 10.2341/10-325-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the microhardness of three composite resins with different organic matrices in deep class II cavities. MATERIALS AND METHOD A total of 36 extracted molars were randomly assigned to six groups and standardized class II cavities were prepared. The cavity design comprised three steps in a mesiodistal direction with an increasing depth (2, 4, and 6 mm). Twelve cavities each were restored using Filtek Supreme (FS), Quixfil (QF), and Filtek Silorane (SI). The materials were applied in incremental layers of 2 mm and cured either with Halogen Translux Energy (HTE) (n=18) or LED Bluephase C8 (LED) (n=18). Subsequently, the specimens were cross-sectioned, and microhardness was determined in various depths and at two different distances from the matrix. RESULTS QF yielded the highest KHN microhardness values (92.67 ± 12.77), followed by FS (65.53 ± 19.52) and SI (57.67 ± 8.33). Composites cured with LED achieved higher KHN values. All materials showed the highest microhardness values within the superficial increments and at a distance of 1000 μm from the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Tchorz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Peridontology, Dental School and Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Hahnel S, Henrich A, Bürgers R, Handel G, Rosentritt M. Investigation of mechanical properties of modern dental composites after artificial aging for one year. Oper Dent 2010; 35:412-9. [PMID: 20672725 DOI: 10.2341/09-337-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study investigated the aging behavior of dental composites with regard to surface roughness (SR), Vickers hardness (VH) and flexural strength (FS), and the study elucidated the impact of artificial aging parameters. One hundred and sixty-five rectangular specimens were prepared from five composites (Filtek Supreme XT, Filtek Silorane, CeramX, Quixfil, experimental ormocer) and subjected to various artificial aging protocols (storage in distilled water/ethanol/artificial saliva for 7, 90 and 365 days; thermal cycling, 2 x 3000 cycles 5/55 degrees C). SR, VH and FS were determined at baseline and after each aging treatment. Means and standard deviations were calculated; statistical analysis was performed using three-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test (alpha=.05). The results showed a significant influence in the composite and aging duration on mechanical parameters; the aging medium did not have a significant influence on VH and FS, but there was a significant influence on SR. The highest overall VH was found for theexperimental ormocer; Filtek Silorane yielded the lowest values. For FS, the significantly highest values were found for Filtek Silorane, and the lowest values were found for the experimental ormocer. Prolonged aging periods (90 or 365 days) or thermal cycling led to significant decreases in both VH and FS and significant increases in SR. The findings of the current study indicate that composites differ significantly for SR and its mechanical properties with regard to FS and VH, as well as in aging behavior. Generally, artificial aging leads to a significant decrease in mechanical properties, which underlines the relevance of continuous improvement of dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Physical properties of self-, dual-, and light-cured direct core materials. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 15:597-603. [PMID: 20372950 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength, curing temperature, curing depth, volumetric shrinkage, water sorption, and hygroscopic expansion of two self-, three dual-, and three light-curing resin-based core materials. Flexural strength and water sorption were measured according to ISO 4049, flexural modulus, compressive strength, curing temperature, and curing depth according to well-proven, literature-known methods, and the volumetric behavior was determined by the Archimedes' principle. ANOVA was calculated to find differences between the materials' properties, and correlation of water sorption and hygroscopic expansion was analysed according to Pearson (p < 0.05). Clearfil Photo Core demonstrated the highest flexural strength (125 ± 12 MPa) and curing depth (15.2 ± 0.1 mm) and had the highest flexural modulus (≈12.6 ± 1.2 GPa) concertedly with Multicore HB. The best compressive strength was measured for Voco Rebilda SC and Clearfil DC Core Auto (≈260 ± 10 MPa). Encore SuperCure Contrast had the lowest water sorption (11.8 ± 3.3 µg mm(-3)) and hygroscopic expansion (0.0 ± 0.2 vol.%). Clearfil Photo Core and Encore SuperCure Contrast demonstrated the lowest shrinkage (≈2.1 ± 0.1 vol.%). Water sorption and hygroscopic expansion had a very strong positive correlation. The investigated core materials significantly differed in the tested properties. The performance of the materials depended on their formulation, as well as on the respective curing process.
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