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Talebian S, Mendes B, Conniot J, Farajikhah S, Dehghani F, Li Z, Bitoque D, Silva G, Naficy S, Conde J, Wallace GG. Biopolymeric Coatings for Local Release of Therapeutics from Biomedical Implants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207603. [PMID: 36782094 PMCID: PMC10131825 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The deployment of structures that enable localized release of bioactive molecules can result in more efficacious treatment of disease and better integration of implantable bionic devices. The strategic design of a biopolymeric coating can be used to engineer the optimal release profile depending on the task at hand. As illustrative examples, here advances in delivery of drugs from bone, brain, ocular, and cardiovascular implants are reviewed. These areas are focused to highlight that both hard and soft tissue implants can benefit from controlled localized delivery. The composition of biopolymers used to achieve appropriate delivery to the selected tissue types, and their corresponding outcomes are brought to the fore. To conclude, key factors in designing drug-loaded biopolymeric coatings for biomedical implants are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Talebian
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Bárbara Mendes
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - João Conniot
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - Syamak Farajikhah
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Zhongyan Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Diogo Bitoque
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - Gabriela Silva
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityUniversity of WollongongSydneyNSW2522Australia
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Dual Drug Delivery in Cochlear Implants: In Vivo Study of Dexamethasone Combined with Diclofenac or Immunophilin Inhibitor MM284 in Guinea Pigs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030726. [PMID: 36986587 PMCID: PMC10058822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implants are well established to treat severe hearing impairments. Despite many different approaches to reduce the formation of connective tissue after electrode insertion and to keep electrical impedances low, results are not yet satisfying. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to combine the incorporation of 5% dexamethasone in the silicone body of the electrode array with an additional polymeric coating releasing diclofenac or the immunophilin inhibitor MM284, some anti-inflammatory substances not yet tested in the inner ear. Guinea pigs were implanted for four weeks and hearing thresholds were determined before implantation and after the observation time. Impedances were monitored over time and, finally, connective tissue and the survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) were quantified. Impedances increased in all groups to a similar extent but this increase was delayed in the groups with an additional release of diclofenac or MM284. Using Poly-L-lactide (PLLA)-coated electrodes, the damage caused during insertion was much higher than without the coating. Only in these groups, connective tissue could extend to the apex of the cochlea. Despite this, numbers of SGNs were only reduced in PLLA and PLLA plus diclofenac groups. Even though the polymeric coating was not flexible enough, MM284 seems to especially have potential for further evaluation in connection with cochlear implantation.
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Rongthong T, Qnouch A, Gehrke MM, Danede F, Willart J, Oliveira P, Paccou L, Tourrel G, Stahl P, Verin J, Toulemonde P, Vincent C, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. Long term behavior of dexamethasone-loaded cochlear implants: In vitro & in vivo. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Matin-Mann F, Gao Z, Schwieger J, Ulbricht M, Domsta V, Senekowitsch S, Weitschies W, Seidlitz A, Doll K, Stiesch M, Lenarz T, Scheper V. Individualized, Additively Manufactured Drug-Releasing External Ear Canal Implant for Prevention of Postoperative Restenosis: Development, In Vitro Testing, and Proof of Concept in an Individual Curative Trial. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061242. [PMID: 35745813 PMCID: PMC9228097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative restenosis in patients with external ear canal (EEC) atresia or stenosis is a common complication following canaloplasty. Our aim in this study was to explore the feasibility of using a three dimensionally (3D)-printed, patient-individualized, drug ((dexamethasone (DEX)), and ciprofloxacin (cipro))-releasing external ear canal implant (EECI) as a postoperative stent after canaloplasty. We designed and pre-clinically tested this novel implant for drug release (by high-performance liquid chromatography), biocompatibility (by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay), bio-efficacy (by the TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)-reduction test (DEX) and inhibition zone test (for cipro)), and microbial contamination (formation of turbidity or sediments in culture medium). The EECI was implanted for the first time to one patient with a history of congenital EEC atresia and state after three canaloplasties due to EEC restenosis. The preclinical tests revealed no cytotoxic effect of the used materials; an antibacterial effect was verified against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the tested UV-irradiated EECI showed no microbiological contamination. Based on the test results, the combination of silicone with 1% DEX and 0.3% cipro was chosen to treat the patient. The EECI was implantable into the EEC; the postoperative follow-up visits revealed no otogenic symptoms or infections and the EECI was explanted three months postoperatively. Even at 12 months postoperatively, the EEC showed good epithelialization and patency. Here, we report the first ever clinical application of an individualized, drug-releasing, mechanically flexible implant and suggest that our novel EECI represents a safe and effective method for postoperatively stenting the reconstructed EEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Matin-Mann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (Z.G.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-6565; Fax: +49-511-532-8001
| | - Ziwen Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (Z.G.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (V.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence”Hearing4all” EXC 1077/1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Schwieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (Z.G.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (V.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence”Hearing4all” EXC 1077/1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ulbricht
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (M.U.); (V.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Vanessa Domsta
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (M.U.); (V.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefan Senekowitsch
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (M.U.); (V.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (M.U.); (V.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (M.U.); (V.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Doll
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (Z.G.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (V.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence”Hearing4all” EXC 1077/1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Scheper
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (Z.G.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (V.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence”Hearing4all” EXC 1077/1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 5% of the world's population have a disabling hearing loss which can be managed by hearing aids or implanted electrical devices. However, outcomes are highly variable, and the sound perceived by recipients is far from perfect. Sparked by the discovery of progenitor cells in the cochlea and rapid progress in drug delivery to the cochlea, biological and pharmaceutical therapies are currently in development to improve the function of the cochlear implant or eliminate the need for it altogether. AREAS COVERED This review highlights progress in emerging regenerative strategies to restore hearing and adjunct therapies to augment the cochlear implant. Novel approaches include the reprogramming of progenitor cells to restore the sensory hair cell population in the cochlea, gene therapy and gene editing to treat hereditary and acquired hearing loss. A detailed review of optogenetics is also presented as a technique that could enable optical stimulation of the spiral ganglion neurons, replacing or complementing electrical stimulation. EXPERT OPINION Increasing evidence of substantial reversal of hearing loss in animal models, alongside rapid advances in delivery strategies to the cochlea and learnings from clinical trials will amalgamate into a biological or pharmaceutical therapy to replace or complement the cochlear implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ajay
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Engineering
| | | | - Rachael Richardson
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dohr D, Wulf K, Grabow N, Mlynski R, Schraven SP. A PLLA Coating Does Not Affect the Insertion Pressure or Frictional Behavior of a CI Electrode Array at Higher Insertion Speeds. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093049. [PMID: 35591381 PMCID: PMC9104964 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To prevent endocochlear insertion trauma, the development of drug delivery coatings in the field of CI electrodes has become an increasing focus of research. However, so far, the effect of a polymer coating of PLLA on the mechanical properties, such as the insertion pressure and friction of an electrode array, has not been investigated. In this study, the insertion pressure of a PLLA-coated, 31.5-mm long standard electrode array was examined during placement in a linear cochlear model. Additionally, the friction coefficients between a PLLA-coated electrode array and a tissue simulating the endocochlear lining were acquired. All data were obtained at different insertion speeds (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm/s) and compared with those of an uncoated electrode array. It was shown that both the maximum insertion pressure generated in the linear model and the friction coefficient of the PLLA-coated electrode did not depend on the insertion speed. At higher insertion speeds above 1.0 mm/s, the insertion pressure (1.268 ± 0.032 mmHg) and the friction coefficient (0.40 ± 0.15) of the coated electrode array were similar to those of an uncoated array (1.252 ± 0.034 mmHg and 0.36 ± 0.15). The present study reveals that a PLLA coating on cochlear electrode arrays has a negligible effect on the electrode array insertion pressure and the friction when higher insertion speeds are used compared with an uncoated electrode array. Therefore, PLLA is a suitable material to be used as a coating for CI electrode arrays and can be considered for a potential drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dohr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.M.); (S.P.S.)
- Correspondence: author
| | - Katharina Wulf
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (K.W.); (N.G.)
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (K.W.); (N.G.)
| | - Robert Mlynski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.M.); (S.P.S.)
| | - Sebastian P. Schraven
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.M.); (S.P.S.)
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7
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Lin CC, Chiu T, Chiou HP, Chang CM, Hsu CJ, Wu HP. Residual hearing preservation for cochlear implantation surgery. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 33:359-364. [PMID: 34760631 PMCID: PMC8532579 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_181_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implantation (CI) has developed for more than four decades. Initially, CI was used for profound bilateral hearing impairment. However, the indications for CI have expanded in recent years to include children with symptomatic partial deafness. Therefore, CI strategies to preserve residual hearing are important for both patients and otologists. The loss of residual low-frequency hearing is thought to be the result of many factors. All surgical methods have the same goal: protect the delicate intracochlear structures and preserve residual low-frequency hearing to improve speech perception abilities. Fully opening the round window membrane, a straight electrode array, slower insertion speed, and the use of corticosteroids result in a higher rate of hearing preservation. Several factors, like the way of surgical approaches, length of arrays and timing of activation, may not affect the residual hearing preservation. Therefore, the classic atraumatic technique, including the very slow and delicate insertion and administration of intraoperative corticosteroids, can improve hearing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ching Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ting Chiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ping Chiou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Man Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Jen Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Qnouch A, Solarczyk V, Verin J, Tourrel G, Stahl P, Danede F, Willart JF, Lemesre PE, Vincent C, Siepmann J, Siepmann F. Dexamethasone-loaded cochlear implants: How to provide a desired "burst release". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2021; 3:100088. [PMID: 34553137 PMCID: PMC8441626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear implants containing iridium platinum electrodes are used to transmit electrical signals into the inner ear of patients suffering from severe or profound deafness without valuable benefit from conventional hearing aids. However, their placement is invasive and can cause trauma as well as local inflammation, harming remaining hair cells or other inner ear cells. As foreign bodies, the implants also induce fibrosis, resulting in a less efficient conduction of the electrical signals and, thus, potentially decreased system performance. To overcome these obstacles, dexamethasone has recently been embedded in this type of implants: into the silicone matrices separating the metal electrodes (to avoid short circuits). It has been shown that the resulting drug release can be controlled over several years. Importantly, the dexamethasone does not only act against the immediate consequences of trauma, inflammation and fibrosis, it can also be expected to be beneficial for remaining hair cells in the long term. However, the reported amounts of drug released at “early” time points (during the first days/weeks) are relatively low and the in vivo efficacy in animal models was reported to be non-optimal. The aim of this study was to increase the initial “burst release” from the implants, adding a freely water-soluble salt of a phosphate ester of dexamethasone. The idea was to facilitate water penetration into the highly hydrophobic system and, thus, to promote drug dissolution and diffusion. This approach was efficient: Adding up to 10% dexamethasone sodium phosphate to the silicone matrices substantially increased the resulting drug release rate at early time points. This can be expected to improve drug action and implant functionality. But at elevated dexamethasone sodium phosphate loadings device swelling became important. Since the cochlea is a tiny and sensitive organ, a potential increase in implant dimensions over time must be limited. Hence, a balance has to be found between drug release and implant swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Qnouch
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - V Solarczyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Verin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - G Tourrel
- Oticon Medical, R&D, 06224 Vallauris, France
| | - P Stahl
- Oticon Medical, R&D, 06224 Vallauris, France
| | - F Danede
- Univ. Lille, UMR CNRS 8207, UMET, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - J F Willart
- Univ. Lille, UMR CNRS 8207, UMET, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - P E Lemesre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - C Vincent
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - F Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
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Guigou C, Lalande A, Millot N, Belharet K, Bozorg Grayeli A. Use of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers in Brain and Ear: State of the Art and Challenges. Brain Sci 2021; 11:358. [PMID: 33799690 PMCID: PMC7998448 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery and distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) and the inner ear represent a challenge for the medical and scientific world, especially because of the blood-brain and the blood-perilymph barriers. Solutions are being studied to circumvent or to facilitate drug diffusion across these structures. Using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which can be coated to change their properties and ensure biocompatibility, represents a promising tool as a drug carrier. They can act as nanocarriers and can be driven with precision by magnetic forces. The aim of this study was to systematically review the use of SPIONs in the CNS and the inner ear. A systematic PubMed search between 1999 and 2019 yielded 97 studies. In this review, we describe the applications of the SPIONS, their design, their administration, their pharmacokinetic, their toxicity and the methods used for targeted delivery of drugs into the ear and the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Guigou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France;
- ImVia Laboratory, EA 7535, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France;
| | - Alain Lalande
- ImVia Laboratory, EA 7535, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France;
| | - Nadine Millot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France;
| | - Karim Belharet
- Laboratoire PRISME, JUNIA Campus Centre, 36000 Châteauroux, France;
| | - Alexis Bozorg Grayeli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France;
- ImVia Laboratory, EA 7535, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France;
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10
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Liebau A, Schilp S, Mugridge K, Schön I, Kather M, Kammerer B, Tillein J, Braun S, Plontke SK. Long-Term in vivo Release Profile of Dexamethasone-Loaded Silicone Rods Implanted Into the Cochlea of Guinea Pigs. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1377. [PMID: 32038458 PMCID: PMC6987378 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are used intra-operatively in cochlear implant surgeries to reduce the inflammatory reaction caused by insertion trauma and the foreign body response against the electrode carrier after cochlear implantation. To prevent higher systemic concentrations of glucocorticoids that might cause undesirable systemic side effects, the drug should be applied locally. Since rapid clearance of glucocorticoids occurs in the inner ear fluid spaces, sustained application is supposedly more effective in suppressing foreign body and tissue reactions and in preserving neuronal structures. Embedding of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone into the cochlear implant electrode carrier and its continuous release may solve this problem. The aim of the present study was to examine how dexamethasone concentrations in the electrode carrier influence drug levels in the perilymph at different time points. Silicone rods were implanted through a cochleostomy into the basal turn of the scala tympani of guinea pigs. The silicone rods were loaded homogeneously with 0.1, 1, and 10% concentrations of dexamethasone. After implantation, dexamethasone concentrations in perilymph and cochlear tissue were measured at several time points over a period of up to 7 weeks. The kinetic was concentration-dependent and showed an initial burst release in the 10%- and the 1%-dexamethasone-loaded electrode carrier dummies. The 10%-loaded electrode carrier resulted in a more elevated and longer lasting burst release than the 1%-loaded carrier. Following this initial burst release phase, sustained dexamethasone levels of about 60 and 100 ng/ml were observed in the perilymph for the 1 and 10% loaded rods, respectively, during the remainder of the observation time. The 0.1% loaded carrier dummy achieved very low perilymph drug levels of about 0.5 ng/ml. The cochlear tissue drug concentration shows a similar dynamic to the perilymph drug concentration, but only reaches about 0.005–0.05% of the perilymph drug concentration. Dexamethasone can be released from silicone electrode carrier dummies in a controlled and sustained way over a period of several weeks, leading to constant drug concentrations in the scala tympani perilymph. No accumulation of dexamethasone was observed in the cochlear tissue. In consideration of experimental studies using similar drug depots and investigating physiological effects, an effective dose range between 50 and 100 ng/ml after burst release is suggested for the CI insertion trauma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Liebau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | | | - Ilona Schön
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michel Kather
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis ZBSA, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis ZBSA, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan K Plontke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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11
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Eshraghi AA, Wolfovitz A, Yilmazer R, Garnham C, Yilmazer AB, Bas E, Ashman P, Roell J, Bohorquez J, Mittal R, Hessler R, Sieber D, Mittal J. Otoprotection to Implanted Cochlea Exposed to Noise Trauma With Dexamethasone Eluting Electrode. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:492. [PMID: 31824265 PMCID: PMC6882736 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implantation (CI) is now widely used to provide auditory rehabilitation to individuals having severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, CI can lead to electrode insertion trauma (EIT) that can cause damage to sensory cells in the inner ear resulting in loss of residual hearing. Even with soft surgical techniques where there is minimal macroscopic damage, we can still observe the generation of molecular events that may initiate programmed cell death via various mechanisms such as oxidative stress, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of the caspase pathway. In addition, individuals with CI may be exposed to noise trauma (NT) due to occupation and leisure activities that may affect their hearing ability. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the auditory community to determine the efficacy of drug-eluting electrodes for the protection of residual hearing. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of NT on implanted cochlea as well as the otoprotective efficacy of dexamethasone eluting electrode to implanted cochlea exposed to NT in a guinea pig model of CI. Animals were divided into five groups: EIT with dexamethasone eluting electrode exposed to NT; EIT exposed to NT; NT only; EIT only and naïve animals (control group). The hearing thresholds were determined by auditory brainstem recordings (ABRs). The cochlea was harvested and analyzed for transcript levels of inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis genes. We observed that threshold shifts were significantly higher in EIT, NT or EIT + NT groups compared to naive animals at all the tested frequencies. The dexamethasone eluting electrode led to a significant decrease in hearing threshold shifts in implanted animals exposed to NT. Proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α, TNF-α receptor 1a (TNFαR1a)] and pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ) genes were more than two-fold up-regulated following EIT and EIT + NT compared to the control group. The use of dexamethasone releasing electrode significantly decreased the transcript levels of pro-apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes. The dexamethasone releasing electrode has shown promising results for hearing protection in implanted animals exposed to NT. The results of this study suggest that dexamethasone releasing electrode holds great potential in developing effective treatment modalities for NT in the implanted cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien A Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Amit Wolfovitz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rasim Yilmazer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Ayca Baskadem Yilmazer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Esperanza Bas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Peter Ashman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jonathan Roell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jorge Bohorquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Jang J, Kim J, Kim YC, Kim S, Chou N, Lee S, Choung Y, Kim S, Brugger J, Choi H, Jang JH. A 3D Microscaffold Cochlear Electrode Array for Steroid Elution. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900379. [PMID: 31532887 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In cochlear implants, the electrode insertion trauma during surgery can cause damage residual hearing. Preserving the residual hearing is an important challenge and the localized administration of drugs, such as steroids, is one of the most promising ways, but remains a challenge. Here, a microscaffold cochlear electrode array (MiSCEA) consisting of a microfabricated flexible electrode array and a 3D microscaffold for steroid reservoir is reported. The MiSCEA without loaded drug is tested by measuring the electrically evoked auditory brainstem response of the cochlea in guinea pigs (n = 4). The scaffold is then coated with steroid (dexamethasone) encapsulated in polylactic-co-glycolic acid and the continuous release of the steroid into artificial perilymph during six weeks is monitored. The steroid-containing scaffolds are then implanted into guinea pigs (n = 4) and threshold shifts are analyzed for four weeks by measuring the acoustically evoked auditory brainstem response. The threshold shifts tend to be lower in the group implanted with the steroid-containing MiSCEAs. The feasibility of 3D MiSCEA opens up the development of potential next-generation cochlear electrode with improved steroid release dynamics into cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmoon Jang
- Department of Robotics EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- DGIST‐ETH Microrobot Research CenterDGIST Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- Microsystem LaboratoryÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne CH‐1015 Switzerland
| | - Jin‐young Kim
- Department of Robotics EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- DGIST‐ETH Microrobot Research CenterDGIST Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Cheol Kim
- Department of OtolaryngologyAjou University School of Medicine Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesBK21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of Medicine Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Kim
- Department of Robotics EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- DGIST‐ETH Microrobot Research CenterDGIST Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Namsun Chou
- Department of Robotics EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Robotics EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- DGIST‐ETH Microrobot Research CenterDGIST Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Hoon Choung
- Department of OtolaryngologyAjou University School of Medicine Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesBK21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of Medicine Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Robotics EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Juergen Brugger
- Microsystem LaboratoryÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne CH‐1015 Switzerland
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
- DGIST‐ETH Microrobot Research CenterDGIST Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Jang
- Department of OtolaryngologyAjou University School of Medicine Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
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Ma Y, Wise AK, Shepherd RK, Richardson RT. New molecular therapies for the treatment of hearing loss. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:190-209. [PMID: 31075354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 466 million people suffer from hearing loss worldwide. Sensorineural hearing loss is characterized by degeneration of key structures of the sensory pathway in the cochlea such as the sensory hair cells, the primary auditory neurons and their synaptic connection to the hair cells - the ribbon synapse. Various strategies to protect or regenerate these sensory cells and structures are the subject of intensive research. Yet despite recent advances in our understandings of the capacity of the cochlea for repair and regeneration there are currently no pharmacological or biological interventions for hearing loss. Current research focusses on localized cochlear drug, gene and cell-based therapies. One of the more promising drug-based therapies is based on neurotrophic factors for the repair of the ribbon synapse after noise exposure, as well as preventing loss of primary auditory neurons and regrowth of the auditory neuron fibers after severe hearing loss. Drug therapy delivery technologies are being employed to address the specific needs of neurotrophin and other therapies for hearing loss that include the need for high doses, long-term delivery, localised or cell-specific targeting and techniques for their safe and efficacious delivery to the cochlea. Novel biomaterials are enabling high payloads of drugs to be administered to the cochlea with subsequent slow-release properties that are proving to be beneficial for treating hearing loss. In parallel, new gene therapy technologies are addressing the need for cell specificity and high efficacy for the treatment of both genetic and acquired hearing loss with promising reports of hearing recovery. Some biomaterials and cell therapies are being used in conjunction with the cochlear implant ensuring therapeutic benefit to the primary neurons during electrical stimulation. This review will introduce the auditory system, hearing loss and the potential for repair and regeneration in the cochlea. Drug delivery to the cochlea will then be reviewed, with a focus on new biomaterials, gene therapy technologies, cell therapy and the use of the cochlear implant as a vehicle for drug delivery. With the current pre-clinical research effort into therapies for hearing loss, including clinical trials for gene therapy, the future for the treatment for hearing loss is looking bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Ma
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Chemical Engineering, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew K Wise
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert K Shepherd
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachael T Richardson
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia.
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Pharmacokinetic principles in the inner ear: Influence of drug properties on intratympanic applications. Hear Res 2018; 368:28-40. [PMID: 29551306 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Local drug delivery to the ear has gained wide clinical acceptance, with the choice of drug and application protocol in humans largely empirically-derived. Here, we review the pharmacokinetics underlying local therapy of the ear using the drugs commonly used in clinical practice as examples. Based on molecular properties and perilymph measurements interpreted through computer simulations we now better understand the principles underlying entry and distribution of these and other drugs in the ear. From our analysis, we have determined that dexamethasone-phosphate, a pro-drug widely-used clinically, has molecular and pharmacokinetic properties that make it ill-suited for use as a local therapy for hearing disorders. This polar form of dexamethasone, used as a more soluble agent in intravenous preparations, passes less readily through lipid membranes, such as those of the epithelia restricting entry at the round window membrane and stapes. Once within the inner ear, dexamethasone-phosphate is cleaved to the active form, dexamethasone, which is less polar, passes more readily through lipid membranes of the blood-perilymph barrier and is rapidly eliminated from perilymph without distributing to apical cochlear regions. Dexamethasone-phosphate therefore provides only a brief exposure of the basal regions of the cochlea to active drug. Other steroids, such as triamcinolone-acetonide, exhibit pharmacokinetic properties more appropriate to the ear and merit more detailed consideration.
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15
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The effect of local application of insulin-like growth factor for prevention of inner-ear damage caused by electrode trauma. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2017; 131:245-252. [PMID: 28124637 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215117000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrode insertion during cochlear implantation causes cochlear damage and apoptosis. Insulin-like growth factor applied locally was investigated in 21 rats. METHODS In the sham group, an intracochlear dummy electrode was inserted through the round window. In the control group, after the same insertion procedure, saline-soaked porcine skin gelatine was placed on the round window. In the study group, insulin-like growth factor 1 soaked gelatine was placed on the round window. Auditory brainstem response thresholds were measured and histopathological examination was performed. RESULTS In the study group, at 2-4 kHz, one rat had deterioration, one showed improvement and the rest had stable thresholds 14 days after intervention. At 6 kHz, four rats showed improvement and the rest remained stable. At 8 kHz, four showed improvement, one had deterioration and two remained stable. In the other groups, hearing loss deteriorated in about half of the rats and remained stable in the rest. The mean post-operative 6 kHz threshold was significantly lower than that immediately after the intervention in the study group, contrary to the other groups. The study group had significantly better mean histopathological grading than the other groups. CONCLUSION Local insulin-like growth factor 1 application may protect hearing after cochlear implantation.
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Rashti A, Yahyaei H, Firoozi S, Ramezani S, Rahiminejad A, Karimi R, Farzaneh K, Mohseni M, Ghanbari H. Development of novel biocompatible hybrid nanocomposites based on polyurethane-silica prepared by sol gel process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:1248-55. [PMID: 27612823 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to high biocompatibility, polyurethane has found many applications, particularly in development of biomedical devices. A new nanocomposite based on thermoset polyurethane and silica nanoparticles was synthesized using sol-gel method. Sol-gel process was fulfilled in two acidic and basic conditions by using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and trimethoxyisocyanatesilane as precursors. The hybrid films characterized for mechanical and surface properties using tensile strength, contact angle, ATR-FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the hybrids were assessed using standard MTT, LDH and TUNEL assays. The results revealed that incorporation of silica nanoparticles was significantly improved tensile strength and mechanical properties of the hybrids. Based on the contact angle results, silica nanoparticles increased hydrophilicity of the hybrids. Biocompatibility by using human lung epithelial cell line (MRC-5) demonstrated that the hybrids were significantly less cytotoxic compared to pristine polymer as tested by MTT and LDH assays. TUNEL assay revealed no signs of apoptosis in all tested samples. The results of this study demonstrated that incorporation of silica nanoparticles into polyurethane lead to the enhancement of biocompatibility, indicating that these hybrids could potentially be used in biomedical field in particular as a new coating for medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rashti
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Yahyaei
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Firoozi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ramezani
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahiminejad
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Karimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Farzaneh
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohseni
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Gehrke M, Sircoglou J, Gnansia D, Tourrel G, Willart JF, Danede F, Lacante E, Vincent C, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. Ear Cubes for local controlled drug delivery to the inner ear. Int J Pharm 2016; 509:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Bas E, Bohorquez J, Goncalves S, Perez E, Dinh CT, Garnham C, Hessler R, Eshraghi AA, Van De Water TR. Electrode array-eluted dexamethasone protects against electrode insertion trauma induced hearing and hair cell losses, damage to neural elements, increases in impedance and fibrosis: A dose response study. Hear Res 2016; 337:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Outcomes review of modern hearing preservation technique in cochlear implant. Auris Nasus Larynx 2016; 43:485-8. [PMID: 26976547 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preservation of residual hearing in cochlear implantation is a main concern for patients and otologists. New electrode arrays as well as development of minimally invasive technique have allowed the expansion of indication criteria for cochlear implantation. The loss of residual low-frequency hearing is thought to be the result of many factors. Opinions differ in regards with the electrodes array characteristics, the surgical implantation technique and the pharmacological therapy used. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to analyze the available information pertaining to hearing preservation with cochlear implantation. RESULTS Both cochleostomy and round window approaches are adequate, but should rely on the anatomic position of the round window membrane. No electrode design had a higher rate of hearing preservation, either a standard or shorter length was used, or a straight or contoured array. The speed of insertion has a significant impact on hearing preservation and vestibular function. A slow insertion should be used for all cochlear implant insertion, hearing preservation or not. However, the optimal speed of insertion is still unclear. Moreover, the use of steroids regardless of the route or the timing, along with intraoperative topical steroids, had a positive impact on hearing preservation. CONCLUSION Classic atraumatic insertion maneuvers, very slow and delicate insertion and the use of intraoperative corticosteroids improve hearing outcomes. Whichever the surgeon's preferences, all surgical modifications are aimed at the same goal: protection of the delicate intracochlear structures with preservation of residual low-frequency hearing to improve speech perception abilities.
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Gehrke M, Sircoglou J, Vincent C, Siepmann J, Siepmann F. How to adjust dexamethasone mobility in silicone matrices: A quantitative treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 100:27-37. [PMID: 26686648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicone-based drug delivery systems offer a great potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of a large variety of medical treatments, e.g. allowing for local long-term delivery of active agents to the inner ear. Different formulation parameters can be varied to adjust desired drug release kinetics. However, often only qualitative information is available on their effects, and product optimization is cumbersome. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative analysis, allowing also for theoretical predictions of the impact of the device design on system performance. Dexamethasone was incorporated into thin films based on different types of silicones (e.g. varying in the type of side chains and contents of amorphous silica), optionally containing different types and amounts of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (5% or 10%). Furthermore, the initial drug content was altered (from 10% to 50%). In most cases, an analytical solution of Fick's second law could be used to describe the resulting drug release kinetics from the films and to determine the respective "apparent" diffusion coefficient of the drug (which varied from 2×10(-14) to 2×10(-12)cm(2)/s, depending on the system's composition). Thus, the impact of the investigated formulation parameters on drug mobility in the polymeric matrices could be quantitatively described. Importantly, the knowledge of the "apparent" drug diffusivity can be used to theoretically predict the resulting release kinetics from dosage forms of arbitrary size and shape. For instance, dexamethasone release was theoretically predicted from cylindrical extrudates based on a selection of different silicone types. Interestingly, these predictions could be confirmed by independent experiments. Hence, this type of quantitative analysis can replace time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments during product optimization. This is particularly helpful, if long-term drug release (e.g., during several weeks, months or years) is targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gehrke
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - J Sircoglou
- INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France; University Hospital of Lille, Otology and Neurotology Department, F-59037 Lille, France
| | - C Vincent
- INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France; University Hospital of Lille, Otology and Neurotology Department, F-59037 Lille, France
| | - J Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France.
| | - F Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France
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Liu Y, Jolly C, Braun S, Stark T, Scherer E, Plontke SK, Kiefer J. In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic study of a dexamethasone-releasing silicone for cochlear implants. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:1745-53. [PMID: 26319276 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cochlear implants have been widely used for patients with profound hearing loss and partial deafness. Residual low-frequency hearing, however, may deteriorate due to insertion trauma and tissue response around the electrode array. The present study investigated in vitro and in vivo release of dexamethasone from silicone used for cochlear implant electrode carriers. The in vitro experiment involved an apparatus simulating the inner ear fluid environment in humans. Release from two sizes of silicone films (200 µm × 1 mm × 10 mm and 500 µm × 1 mm × 10 mm), each loaded with 2 % dexamethasone, and was measured for 24 weeks. In the in vivo experiment, silicone rods loaded with 2 or 10 % dexamethasone, respectively, were implanted into the scala tympani of guinea pigs. Perilymph concentrations were measured during the first week after implantation. The results showed that dexamethasone was released from the silicone in a sustained manner. After a burst release, perilymph concentration was similar for silicone incorporated with 2 and 10 % dexamethasone, respectively. The similar pharmacokinetic profile was found in the in vitro experiment. The period of sustained drug delivery was maintained for 20 weeks in vitro and for 1 week in vivo. The results of the present study suggest that drugs like dexamethasone are released in a controlled manner from silicon electrode carriers of cochlear implants. Further studies will identify optimal release profiles for the use with cochlear implants to improve their safety and long-term performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Naval General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Claude Jolly
- Electrode Research Section, MED-EL Medical Electronics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Stark
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Scherer
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan K Plontke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jan Kiefer
- HNO-Zentrum, Neupfarrplatz 12/II, 93047, Regensburg, Germany.
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Takumi Y, Nishio SY, Mugridge K, Oguchi T, Hashimoto S, Suzuki N, Iwasaki S, Jolly C, Usami SI. Gene expression pattern after insertion of dexamethasone-eluting electrode into the guinea pig cochlea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110238. [PMID: 25329543 PMCID: PMC4203767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A cochlear implant is an indispensable apparatus for a profound hearing loss patient. But insertion of the electrode entails a great deal of stress to the cochlea, and may cause irreversible damage to hair cells and related nerve structure. Although damage prevention effects of dexamethasone have been reported, long-term administration is difficult. In this study, we used a dexamethasone-eluting electrode in the guinea pig cochlea, and compared the gene expression after 7 days insertion with that of a normal electrode and non-surgically treated control by microarray. 40 genes were up-regulated 2-fold or more in the normal electrode group compared to the non-surgically treated group. Most of the up-regulated genes were associated with immune response and inflammation. In the dexamethasone-eluting group, compared to the normal electrode group, 7 of the 40 genes were further up-regulated, while 12 of them were down-regulated and there was a tendency to return to the non-surgical condition. 9 genes were down-regulated 2-fold or less with normal electrode insertion, and 4 of the 9 tended to return to the non-surgical condition in the dexamethasone-eluting group. These genes are certainly involved in the maintenance of the physiological functions of the cochlea. Our results indicate that the dexamethasone-eluting electrode will have an effect on the normalization of homeostasis in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Takumi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Nishio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Oguchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shigenari Hashimoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Shin-ichi Usami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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