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Ribeiro J, Luís MÂ, Rodrigues B, Santos FM, Mesquita J, Boto R, Tomaz CT. Cryogels and Monoliths: Promising Tools for Chromatographic Purification of Nucleic Acids. Gels 2024; 10:198. [PMID: 38534616 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for highly pure biopharmaceuticals has put significant pressure on the biotechnological industry to innovate in production and purification processes. Nucleic acid purification, crucial for gene therapy and vaccine production, presents challenges due to the unique physical and chemical properties of these molecules. Meeting regulatory standards necessitates large quantities of biotherapeutic agents of high purity. While conventional chromatography offers versatility and efficiency, it suffers from drawbacks like low flow rates and binding capacity, as well as high mass transfer resistance. Recent advancements in continuous beds, including monoliths and cryogel-based systems, have emerged as promising solutions to overcome these limitations. This review explores and evaluates the latest progress in chromatography utilizing monolithic and cryogenic supports for nucleic acid purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribeiro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco  Luís
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fátima Milhano Santos
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Renato Boto
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cândida Teixeira Tomaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Single and dual polymeric sponges for emerging pollutants removal. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Eskandarloo H, Enayati M, Abdolmaleki MK, Arshadi M, Abbaspourrad A. Selective Electrochemical Capture and Release of Heparin Based on Amine-Functionalized Carbon/Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2685-2697. [PMID: 35030723 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparin (HEP) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is a clinical anticoagulant agent. Commercially derived from porcine intestinal mucosa, HEP is challenging to separate from this complex biological mixture for additional purification. This study aimed to raise the purity of isolated HEP using electrochemical potential to increase its selective capture and release. We demonstrate an electrochemical platform featuring an anode composed of amine-functionalized carbon/titanium dioxide nanotube arrays on titanium foil (Ti/C-TNTAs-NH2) and a cathode made of expanded graphite. Our results show that Ti and Ti/C-TNTAs control plates do not adsorb HEP, even while applying an external potential to the cell. However, when the Ti/C-TNTAs electrode is modified by 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane, the terminal NH2 groups provide a high density of positive charges that serve as binding sites, enabling the adsorption of HEP. This attraction is further strengthened by applying an external potential to the anode. Subsequent release of the HEP molecules and regeneration of the Ti/C-TNTAs-NH2 electrode are easily accomplished by applying an anodic potential to the plate, as well as by increasing the concentration of NaCl in solution. This electrochemical system demonstrates the good selectivity of HEP, even within a mixture of other probable interfering species (e.g., bovine serum albumin and chondroitin sulfate). Additionally, it maintains 90.11% of its initial electrosorption efficiency after ten repeated HEP adsorption/desorption cycles, indicating this system's promising stability and reusability for HEP purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mojtaba Enayati
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mahmood Karimi Abdolmaleki
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mohammad Arshadi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Saylan Y, Denizli A. Supermacroporous Composite Cryogels in Biomedical Applications. Gels 2019; 5:E20. [PMID: 30999704 PMCID: PMC6630583 DOI: 10.3390/gels5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Supermacroporous gels, called cryogels, are unique scaffolds that can be prepared by polymerization of monomer solution under sub-zero temperatures. They are widely used in many applications and have significant potential biomaterials, especially for biomedical applications due to their inherent interconnected supermacroporous structures and easy formation of composite polymers in comparison to other porous polymer synthesis techniques. This review highlights the fundamentals of supermacroporous cryogels and composite cryogels, and then comprehensively summarizes recent studies in preparation, functionalization, and utilization with mechanical, biological and physicochemical features, according to the biomedical applications. Furthermore, conclusions and outlooks are discussed for the use of these promising and durable supermacroporous composite cryogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşeren Saylan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
The application of interconnected supermacroporous cryogels as support matrices for the purification, separation and immobilization of whole cells and different biological macromolecules has been well reported in literature. Cryogels have advantages over traditional gel carriers in the field of biochromatography and related biomedical applications. These matrices nearly mimic the three-dimensional structure of native tissue extracellular matrix. In addition, mechanical, osmotic and chemical stability of cryogels make them attractive polymeric materials for the construction of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications and in vitro cell culture, separation materials for many different processes such as immobilization of biomolecules, capturing of target molecules, and controlled drug delivery. The low mass transfer resistance of cryogel matrices makes them useful in chromatographic applications with the immobilization of different affinity ligands to these materials. Cryogels have been introduced as gel matrices prepared using partially frozen monomer or polymer solutions at temperature below zero. These materials can be produced with different shapes and are of interest in the therapeutic area. This review highlights the recent advances in cryogelation technologies by emphasizing their biomedical applications to supply an overview of their rising stars day to day.
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Andaç M, Galaev IY, Denizli A. Affinity based and molecularly imprinted cryogels: Applications in biomacromolecule purification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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