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Demirel E, Korkmaz B, Chang Y, Misra A, Tamerler C, Spencer P. Engineering Interfacial Integrity with Hydrolytic-Resistant, Self-Reinforcing Dentin Adhesive. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7061. [PMID: 39000170 PMCID: PMC11241055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of composite restoration failure is secondary caries, and although caries is a multifactorial problem, weak, damage-prone adhesives play a pivotal role in the high susceptibility of composite restorations to secondary caries. Our group has developed synthetic resins that capitalize on free-radical polymerization and sol-gel reactions to provide dental adhesives with enhanced properties. The resins contain γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as the Si-based compound. This study investigated the properties of methacrylate-based resins containing methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane (MMeS) as a short-chain alternative. The degree of conversion (DC), polymerization kinetics, water sorption, mechanical properties, and leachates of MMeS- and MPS-resins with 55 and 30 wt% BisGMA-crosslinker were determined. The formulations were used as model adhesives, and the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interfaces were analyzed using chemometrics-assisted micro-Raman spectroscopy. The properties of the 55 wt% formulations were comparable. In the 30 wt% BisGMA formulations, the MMeS-resin exhibited faster polymerization, lower DC, reduced leachates, and increased storage and loss moduli, glass transition (Tg), crosslink density, and heterogeneity. The spectroscopic results indicated a comparable spatial distribution of resin, mineralized, and demineralized dentin across the a/d interfaces. The hydrolytically stable experimental short-chain-silane-monomer dental adhesive provides enhanced mechanical properties through autonomous strengthening and offers a promising strategy for the development of restorative dental materials with extended service life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Demirel
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
| | - Burak Korkmaz
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Youngwoo Chang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
| | - Anil Misra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174-1630, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
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Thanoon H, Silikas N, Watts DC. Effect of polymerisation protocols on water sorption, solubility and hygroscopic expansion of fast-cure bulk-fill composite. Dent Mater 2024; 40:951-957. [PMID: 38734487 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the effect of two light-curing protocols from a LED polywave light curing unit (LCU) on water sorption, solubility, and hygroscopic expansion of fast and conventional bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) aged in distilled water for 120 d. METHODS Three bulk-fill RBCs materials were studied: Tetric PowerFill® (fast photo-polymerised composite) (TPF), Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill (EVO), and GrandioSo x-tra bulk-fill (GSO) (conventional photo-polymerised composites). Specimens were prepared within a 3D-printed resin mold (8-mm diameter x 4-mm height) and light-cured from one side only with 2 modes of polywave LCU (Bluephase® PowerCure): 3 s mode and for 20 s in "Standard" mode. Water sorption and solubility were measured at fixed time intervals for 120 d of distilled water storage, then reconditioned to dry to measure desorption for 75 d, all at 37 ± 1 °C. Hygroscopic (volumetric) expansion was recorded at the same time intervals up to 120 d. Data were analysed through SPSS using Two-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, and Tukey's post-hoc correction tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS TPF, when irradiated for 3 s demonstrated minimal water sorption (0.83%), solubility (1.01 μg/mm3), and least volumetric expansion (1.64%) compared to EVO and GSO. While EVO showed the highest water sorption (1.03%) and solubility (1.95 μg/mm3) at 3 s. GSO had the lowest sorption (0.67%) and (0.56%) in 3 s and 20 s protocols, respectively. Nevertheless, all the sorption and solubility data were within the ISO 4049 limits. SIGNIFICANCE For TPF, fast (3 s) polymerisation did not increase either water sorption or solubility, compared with 20 s irradiation. However, with the two comparative bulk-fill composites, fast cure increased water sorption by 15-25% and more than doubled solubility. These findings were consistent with the lesser volumetric expansions observed for Tetric PowerFill at both the fast and standard protocols, indicating its relative stability across polymerisation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halah Thanoon
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David C Watts
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Akiya S, Sato K, Kibe K, Tichy A, Hiraishi N, Prasansuttiporn T, Hosaka K, Foxton RM, Shimada Y, Nakajima M. Polymerization shrinkage of light-cured conventional and bulk-fill composites -The effect of cavity depth and post-curing. Dent Mater J 2023. [PMID: 37032103 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric shrinkage (VS) of conventional, bulk-fill, and core build-up resin-based composites (RBCs) of various thickness (1-5 mm) was measured using the modified bonded-disk method with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, the bottom-to-top ratio of Vickers hardness (%VH) was measured. Conventional RBCs exhibited significantly higher VS than bulk-fill and core build-up RBCs (p<0.05). As specimen thickness increased, VS relative to volume (%VS) and difference in VS at each depth (VSdepth) decreased. For conventional RBCs, there was a significant drop in VSdepth between 1 mm and 2 mm (p<0.05), and another drop was observed between 3 mm and 4 mm (p<0.05) where %VH decreased below 90%. For bulk-fill and core build-up RBCs, VSdepth decreased significantly between 2 mm and 3 mm (p<0.05), but %VH exceeded 90% even in 5 mm deep cavities. These results indicated that post-curing contributed to lower shrinkage in deeper layers, and that conventional RBCs were not adequately polymerized at the depth of over 3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Akiya
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kento Sato
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kouta Kibe
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Antonin Tichy
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Taweesak Prasansuttiporn
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University
- Institute of Global Affairs, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Richard M Foxton
- Institute of Global Affairs, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Center for Dental Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University
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Sharifi S, Saei AA, Gharibi H, Mahmoud NN, Harkins S, Dararatana N, Lisabeth EM, Serpooshan V, Végvári Á, Moore A, Mahmoudi M. Mass Spectrometry, Structural Analysis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Photo-Cross-Linked Human Albumin Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2643-2663. [PMID: 35544705 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Albumin-based hydrogels offer unique benefits such as biodegradability and high binding affinity to various biomolecules, which make them suitable candidates for biomedical applications. Here, we report a non-immunogenic photocurable human serum-based (HSA) hydrogel synthesized by methacryloylation of human serum albumin by methacrylic anhydride (MAA). We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, as well as size exclusion chromatography to evaluate the extent of modification, hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of methacrylated albumin macromer and its cross-linked hydrogels. The impacts of methacryloylation and cross-linking on alteration of inflammatory response and toxicity were evaluated in vitro using brain-derived HMC3 macrophages and Ex-Ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Results revealed that the lysines in HSA were the primary targets reacting with MAA, though modification of cysteine, threonine, serine, and tyrosine, with MAA was also confirmed. Both methacrylated HSA and its derived hydrogels were nontoxic and did not induce inflammatory pathways, while significantly reducing macrophage adhesion to the hydrogels; one of the key steps in the process of foreign body reaction to biomaterials. Cytokine and growth factor analysis showed that albumin-based hydrogels demonstrated anti-inflammatory response modulating cellular events in HMC3 macrophages. Ex-Ovo results also confirmed the biocompatibility of HSA macromer and hydrogels along with slight angiogenesis-modulating effects. Photocurable albumin hydrogels may be used as a non-immunogenic platform for various biomedical applications including passivation coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Sharifi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17 177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hassan Gharibi
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nouf N Mahmoud
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shannon Harkins
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Naruphorn Dararatana
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Erika M Lisabeth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17 177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Proteomics Biomedicum, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Moore
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Utilizing a degradation prediction pathway system to understand how a novel methacrylate derivative polymer with flipped external ester groups retains physico-mechanical properties following esterase exposure. Dent Mater 2022; 38:251-265. [PMID: 34933759 PMCID: PMC8828700 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The region of failure for current methacrylates (i.e. derivatives of acrylates) are ester bond linkages that hydrolyze in the presence of salivary and bacterial esterases that break the polymer network backbone. This effect decreases the mechanical properties of methacrylate-based materials. METHODS The ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or novel ethylene glycol ethyl methacrylate (EGEMA) discs were prepared using 40 µL of the curing mixture containing photo/co-initiators for 40 s in a PTFE mold at 1000 mW/cm2. The degree of conversion was used as a quality control measure for the prepared discs, followed by physical, mechanical, and chemical characterization of discs properties before and after cholesterol esterase treatment. RESULTS After 9 weeks of standardized cholesterol esterase (CEase) exposure, EGDMA discs showed exponential loss of material (p = 0.0296), strength (p = 0.0014) and increased water sorption (p = 0.0002) compared to EGEMA discs. We integrated a degradation prediction pathway system to LC/MS and GC/MS analyses to elucidate the degradation by-products of both EGEMA and EGDMA polymers. GC/MS analysis demonstrated that the esterase catalysis was directed to central polymer backbone breakage, producing ethylene glycol, for EGDMA, and to side chain breakage, producing ethanol, for EGEMA. The flipped external ester group linkage design is attributed to EGEMA showing higher resistance to esterase biodegradation and changes in mechanical and physical properties than EGDMA. SIGNIFICANCE EGEMA is a potential substitute for common macromer diluents, such as EGDMA, based on its resistance to biodegradation effects. This work inspires the flipped external group design to be applied to analogs of current larger, hydrophobic strength bearing macromers used in future dental material formulations.
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Kumar D, Ghose D, Bolskar RD, Mutreja I, Jones RS. A novel methacrylate derivative polymer that resists bacterial cell-mediated biodegradation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:991-1000. [PMID: 34855282 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study tests biodegradation resistance of a custom synthesized novel ethylene glycol ethyl methacrylate (EGEMA) with ester bond linkages that are external to the central polymer backbone when polymerized. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) with internal ester bond linkages and EGEMA discs were prepared in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mold using 40 μl macromer and photo/co-initiator mixture cured for 40 s at 1000 mW/cm2 . The discs were stored in the constant presence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in Todd Hewitt Yeast + Glucose (THYE+G) media up to 9 weeks (n = 8 for each macromer type) and physical/mechanical properties were assessed. Initial measurements EGEMA versus EGDMA polymer discs showed equivalent degree of conversion (45.69% ± 2.38 vs. 46.79% ± 4.64), diametral tensile stress (DTS; 8.12± 2.92 MPa vs. 6.02 ± 1.48 MPa), and low subsurface optical defects (0.41% ± 0.254% vs. 0.11% ± 0.074%). The initial surface wettability (contact angle) was slightly higher (p ≤ .012) for EGEMA (62.02° ± 3.56) than EGDMA (53.86° ± 5.61°). EGDMA showed higher initial Vicker's hardness than EGEMA (8.03 ± 0.88 HV vs. 5.93 ± 0.69 HV; p ≤ .001). After 9 weeks of S. mutans exposure, EGEMA (ΔDTS-1.30 MPa) showed higher resistance to biodegradation effects with a superior DTS than EGDMA (ΔDTS-6.39 MPa) (p = .0039). Visible and scanning electron microscopy images of EGEMA show less surface cracking and defects than EGDMA. EGDMA had higher loss of material (18.9% vs. 8.5%, p = .0009), relative changes to fracture toughness (92.5% vs. 49.2%, p = .0022) and increased water sorption (6.1% vs. 1.9%, p = .0022) compared to EGEMA discs. The flipped external ester group linkage design is attributed to EGEMA showing higher resistance to bacterial degradation effects than an internal ester group linkage design methacrylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Debarati Ghose
- Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Isha Mutreja
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert S Jones
- Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Brescansin FN, Prochnow C, Guilardi LF, Kleverlaan CJ, Bacchi A, Valandro LF, Pereira GKR. Effect of different surface treatments on optical, colorimetric, and surface characteristics of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1017-1028. [PMID: 34105868 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of surface treatments on optical, colorimetric, and surface characteristics of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 5, IPS e.max CAD) were randomly allocated to the following treatments: mirror-polished: SiC papers; as-cut: mimicking CAD-CAM milling; ground: 90-120 μm-grit diamond bur; ground polished: ground, finished (46-30 μm-grit diamond bur), polished (diamond cups, brush and diamond paste); ground glazed: ground, glazed; ground polished glazed: association of methods. CIELAB color coordinates were obtained by a spectrophotometer. CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00 ) and the translucency parameter (TP00 ) were calculated. Light transmittance was assessed with a colorimeter. Surface characteristics (topography and roughness) were analyzed. Statistical differences for each condition and outcome were detected using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS TP00 data show statistical reduction after grinding (p < 0.05), which was only restored with polishing (solely or with glazing). ΔE00 shows that grinding results in perceptible variations in color (above 0.81), which were restored after all post-processing protocols (exception to only glaze application in contact with a black background). Light transmittance data corroborated such performance. Polishing and glazing reduced roughness and improved surface topography. CONCLUSION Grinding statistically increased roughness, reduced translucency, light transmittance through the ceramic, and resulted on color differences. On contrary, polishing (followed or not by glazing) reduced roughness and enhanced ceramic translucency and light transmittance. Glaze also reduced roughness, but it still presented reduced translucency. The positioning (facing up or down) of the ceramic treated surface influenced the considered outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Grinding with diamond burs results in a deleterious impact to the optical, colorimetric and surface characteristics of lithium disilicate ceramic. Thus, polishing (followed or not by glazing) is recommended for optical and topographical enhancements when lithium disilicate monolithic restorations require occlusal adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catina Prochnow
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Guilardi
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ataís Bacchi
- MSciD Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Kumar D, Bolskar RD, Malone S, Mutreja I, Aparicio C, Jones RS. A Novel Dental Polymer with a Flipped External Ester Group Design that Resists Degradation via Polymer Backbone Preservation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5609-5619. [PMID: 33178887 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current dental sealants with methacrylate based chemistry are prone to hydrolytic degradation. A conventional ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was compared to a novel methacrylate monomer with a flipped external ester group (ethylene glycol ethyl methacrylate - EGEMA) that was designed to resist polymer degradation effects. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle confirmed a comparable degree of initial conversion and surface wettability for EGDMA and EGEMA. EGDMA disks initially performed better compared to EGEMA as suggested by higher surface hardness and 1.5 times higher diametral tensile strength (DTS). After 15 weeks of hydrolytic and accelerated aging, EGDMA and EGEMA DTS was reduced by 88% and 44% respectively. This accelerated aging model resulted in 3.3 times higher water sorption for EDGMA than EGEMA disks. EGDMA had an increase in grain boundary defects and visible erosion sites with accelerated aging, while for EGEMA the changes were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Moos Health Science Tower, 515 Delaware Street S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - Sydney Malone
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Moos Health Science Tower, 515 Delaware Street S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Isha Mutreja
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Moos Health Science Tower, 515 Delaware Street S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Moos Health Science Tower, 515 Delaware Street S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Robert S Jones
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Moos Health Science Tower, 515 Delaware Street S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Thermal and bioactive optimization of a unidose 3-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:487.e1-487.e7. [PMID: 32682525 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The limited durability of resin-dentin bonds is considered a major disadvantage of adhesive restorations. Therefore, clinical strategies have been developed to improve hybrid layer stability over time. These strategies require testing. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of preheating and the inclusion of a bioactive glass in a unidose 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system on the adhesion of direct composite resin restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dentin disks from 80 molars were assigned to 8 groups (n=10): CG-T1/CG-T2: control group; PG-T1/PG-T2: adhesive preheated to 68 °C; BG-T1/BG-T2: 0.05 mg of Bioglass 45S5 (BAG) (particle size: 3 μm) added to primer; PBG-T1/PBG-T2: adhesive and BAG-modified primer preheated to 68 °C. Sticks were fabricated for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing and were tested at 1 week (T1) and after 6 months (T2) of storage. μTBS data were analyzed by using 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test (α=.05). Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the failure mode. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to quantitatively analyze the modifications to the chemical structure of the adhesive system from preheating and BAG inclusion. RESULTS The mean bond strength values at 1 week were statistically different, with PG-T1 (69.8 ±7.8 MPa) superior to all other groups. CG-T1 (58.2 ±6.7 MPa), BG-T1 (60.7 ±4.4 MPa), and PBG-T1 (61.0 ±4.6 MPa) were not statistically different (P>.05). PG-T2 maintained the highest bond strength at 6 months (68.3 ±3.7 MPa), with no decrease in μTBS observed over time. Failure modes were mostly adhesive. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis reported that primer preheating caused solvent evaporation and revealed that preheating the bonding agent promoted the condensation reaction between the silane and adhesive fillers. CONCLUSIONS No decrease in μTBS was observed for any group after 6 months. Preheating the adhesive system (primer and bonding resin) significantly increased the 1-week and 6-month μTBS. Inclusion of BAG did not affect the bond strength.
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10
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Birgul Akolpoglu M, Inceoglu Y, Kizilel S. An all-aqueous approach for physical immobilization of PEG-lipid microgels on organoid surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 186:110708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Parthasarathy R, Misra A, Song L, Ye Q, Spencer P. Structure-property relationships for wet dentin adhesive polymers. Biointerphases 2018; 13:061004. [PMID: 30558430 PMCID: PMC6296910 DOI: 10.1116/1.5058072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin adhesive systems for composite tooth restorations are composed of hydrophilic/hydrophobic monomers, solvents, and photoinitiators. The adhesives undergo phase separation and concomitant compositional change during their application in the wet oral environment; phase separation compromises the quality of the hybrid layer in the adhesive/dentin interface. In this work, the adhesive composition in the hybrid layer can be represented using the phase boundaries of a ternary phase diagram for the hydrophobic monomer/hydrophilic monomer/water system. The polymer phases, previously unaccounted for, play an important role in determining the mechanical behavior of the bulk adhesive, and the chemomechanical properties of the phases are intimately related to the effects produced by differences in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic composition. As the composition of the polymer phases varies from hydrophobic-rich to hydrophilic-rich, the amount of the adsorbed water and the nature of polymer-water interaction vary nonlinearly and strongly correlate with the change in elastic moduli under wet conditions. The failure strain, loss modulus, and glass transition temperature vary nonmonotonically with composition and are explained based upon primary and secondary transitions observed in dynamic mechanical testing. Due to the variability in composition, the assignment of mechanical properties and the choice of suitable constitutive models for polymer phases in the hybrid layer are not straightforward. This work investigates the relationship between composition and chemomechanical properties of the polymer phases formed on the water-adhesive phase boundary using quasistatic and dynamic mechanical testing, mass transfer experiments, and vibrational spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganathan Parthasarathy
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, Tennessee 37209
| | - Anil Misra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 5104B Learned Hall, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Linyong Song
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 5104A Learned Hall, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Qiang Ye
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 5101E Learned Hall, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 3111 Learned Hall, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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13
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Ye Q, Abedin F, Parthasarathy R, Spencer P. Photoinitiators in Dentistry: Challenges and Advances. PHOTOPOLYMERISATION INITIATING SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013307-00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photopolymerization is used in a wide range of clinical applications in dentistry and the demand for dental materials that can restore form, function and esthetics is increasing rapidly. Simultaneous with this demand is the growing need for photoinitiators that provide effective and efficient in situ polymerization of dental materials using visible light irradiation. This chapter reviews the fundamentals of Type I and II photoinitiators. The advantages and disadvantages of these photoinitiators will be considered with a particular focus on parameters that affect the polymerization process in the oral cavity. The chapter examines recent developments in photoinitiators and opportunities for future research in the design and development of photoinitiators for dental applications. Future research directions that employ computational models in conjunction with iterative synthesis and experimental methods will also be explored in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ye
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, School of Engineering, University of Kansas 1530 W. 15th St Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Farhana Abedin
- Electromechanical Engineering Technology program, College of Engineering, California State Polytechnic University Pomona 3801 W. Temple Ave Pomona CA 91768 USA
| | - Ranganathan Parthasarathy
- Nanomaterials Research Lab, Tennessee State University 3500 John A Merritt Blvd Nashville TN 37209 USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, School of Engineering, University of Kansas 1530 W. 15th St Lawrence KS 66045 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas 1530 W. 15th St Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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14
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Carve M, Wlodkowic D. 3D-Printed Chips: Compatibility of Additive Manufacturing Photopolymeric Substrata with Biological Applications. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E91. [PMID: 30393367 PMCID: PMC6187525 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is ideal for building adaptable, structurally complex, three-dimensional, monolithic lab-on-chip (LOC) devices from only a computer design file. Consequently, it has potential to advance micro- to milllifluidic LOC design, prototyping, and production and further its application in areas of biomedical and biological research. However, its application in these areas has been hampered due to material biocompatibility concerns. In this review, we summarise commonly used AM techniques: vat polymerisation and material jetting. We discuss factors influencing material biocompatibility as well as methods to mitigate material toxicity and thus promote its application in these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Carve
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Computer-aided Molecular Design of Water Compatible Visible Light Photosensitizers for Dental Adhesive. Chem Eng Sci 2016; 159:131-139. [PMID: 29176909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dental adhesive resin undergoes phase separation during its infiltration through the wet demineralized dentin and it has been observed previously that the hydrophilic-rich phase is a vulnerable region for failure due to the lack of photo-polymerization and crosslinking density. The lack of photo-polymerization is mostly due to the partitioning of photo-initiators in low concentrations within this phase. Here, a computational approach has been employed to design candidate water compatible visible light photosensitizers which could improve the photo-polymerization of the hydrophilic-rich phase. This study is an extension of our previous work. QSPRs were developed for properties related to the photo-polymerization reaction of the adhesive monomers and hydrophilicity of the photosensitizer using connectivity indices as descriptors. QSPRs and structural constraints were formulated into an optimization problem which was solved stochastically via Tabu Search. Four candidate photosensitizer molecules have been proposed here which have the iminium ion as a common feature.
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16
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Abedin F, Ye Q, Song L, Ge X, Camarda K, Spencer P. Effect of Partition of Photo-initiator Components and Addition of Iodonium Salt on the Photopolymerization of Phase-Separated Dental Adhesive. JOM (WARRENDALE, PA. : 1989) 2016; 68:1090-1099. [PMID: 27158215 PMCID: PMC4856225 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-016-1816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization kinetics of physically separated hydrophobic- and hydrophilic-rich phases of a model dental adhesive have been investigated. The two phases were prepared from neat resin containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) in the ratio of 45:55 (wt/wt). Neat resins containing various combinations of popular photo-initiating compounds, e.g., camphoquinone (CQ), ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDMAB), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP) were prepared. To obtain the two phases 33 wt% of deuterium oxide (D2O) was added to the neat resins. This amount of D2O exceeded the miscibility limit for the resins. The concentration of each component of the photo-initiating system in the two phases was quantified by HPLC. When combined with CQ, DMAEMA is less efficient as a co-initiator compared to EDMAB. The addition of DPIHP as the third component into either CQ/EDMAB or CQ/DMAEMA photo-initiating systems leads to comparable performance in both the hydrophobic- and hydrophilic-rich phases. The addition of the iodonium salt significantly improved the photopolymerization of the hydrophilic-rich phase; the hydrophilic-rich phase exhibited extremely poor polymerization when the iodonium salt was not included in the formulation. The partition concentration of EDMAB in the hydrophilic-rich phase was significantly lower than that of DMAEMA or DPIHP. This study indicates the need for a combination of hydrophobic/hydrophilic photosensitizer and addition of iodonium salt to improve polymerization within the hydrophilic-rich phase of the dental adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Abedin
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Qiang Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Linyong Song
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Xueping Ge
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Kyle Camarda
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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