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Romero HAM, Piñon TP, Sagarnaga D, Rico RD, Rascón AN, Pérez CAM, Piñon DP, Flores de los Ríos JP, Carrillo MS, Chacón-Nava JG. Aligned TiO 2 Scaffolds in the Presence of a Galactopyranose Matrix by Sol-Gel Process. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030478. [PMID: 36771782 PMCID: PMC9921417 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, titanium dioxide scaffolds were synthesized. Titanium isopropoxide (IV) was used as a precursor in its formation, using a polymeric network of galactopyranose as a template. The powder sample obtained was evaluated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA). According to the results, it was found that these scaffolds can be successfully synthesized in solution using the sol-gel method. The synthesized scaffolds have diameters from 50 nm with porosity of approximately 0.3-10 nm. Important parameters, such as pH and the concentration of the metallic precursors, were optimized in this solution. The values of maximum average roughness R(max) and roughness value (Ra) were 0.50 and 1.45, respectively. XRD diffraction analysis shows the formation of crystalline phases in the TiO2 scaffold at 700 °C. The use of biological polymers represents an alternative for the synthesis of new materials at low cost, manipulating the conditions in the production processes and making the proposed system more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Alejandro Monreal Romero
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Chihuahua (UACH), Avenue University, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Pérez Piñon
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Chihuahua (UACH), Avenue University, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
| | - Diana Sagarnaga
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Chihuahua (UACH), Avenue University, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
| | - Raquel Duarte Rico
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Chihuahua (UACH), Avenue University, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Nevárez Rascón
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Chihuahua (UACH), Avenue University, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
| | | | - Dagoberto Pérez Piñon
- Department of Polymers and Biomaterials, University of Chihuahua (UACH), University Circuit Campus II, Chihuahua 31110, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Flores de los Ríos
- Department Metal-Mechanical, National Technological of Mexico-Technological Institute of Chihuahua, Technological Avenue 2909, Chihuahua 31130, Mexico
| | - Mario Sánchez Carrillo
- Department Metal-Mechanical, National Technological of Mexico-Technological Institute of Chihuahua, Technological Avenue 2909, Chihuahua 31130, Mexico
| | - José Guadalupe Chacón-Nava
- Advanced Materials Research Center, S.C. (CIMAV) and National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenue M. Cervantes 120, Industrial Complex Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
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Coatings Functionalization via Laser versus Other Deposition Techniques for Medical Applications: A Comparative Review. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of new biological devices in response to market demands requires continuous efforts for the improvement of products’ functionalization based upon expansion of the materials used and their fabrication techniques. One viable solution consists of a functionalization substrate covered by layers via an appropriate deposition technique. Laser techniques ensure an enhanced coating’s adherence to the substrate and improved biological characteristics, not compromising the mechanical properties of the functionalized medical device. This is a review of the main laser techniques involved. We mainly refer to pulse laser deposition, matrix-assisted, and laser simple and double writing versus some other well-known deposition methods as magnetron sputtering, 3D bioprinting, inkjet printing, extrusion, solenoid, fuse-deposition modeling, plasma spray (PS), and dip coating. All these techniques can be extended to functionalize surface fabrication to change local morphology, chemistry, and crystal structure, which affect the biomaterial behavior following the chosen application. Surface functionalization laser techniques are strictly controlled within a confined area to deliver a large amount of energy concisely. The laser deposit performances are presented compared to reported data obtained by other techniques.
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Fu X, Zhou X, Liu P, Chen H, Xiao Z, Yuan B, Yang X, Zhu X, Zhang K, Zhang X. The optimized preparation of HA/L-TiO 2/D-TiO 2 composite coating on porous titanium and its effect on the behavior osteoblasts. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:505-514. [PMID: 33149939 PMCID: PMC7597800 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various surface bioactivation technology has been confirmed to improve the osteogenic ability of porous titanium (pTi) implants effectively. In this study, a three-layered composite coating, i.e. outer layer of hydroxyapatite (HA), middle layer of loose titanium dioxide (L-TiO2) and inner layer of dense TiO2 (D-TiO2), was fabricated on pTi by a combined processing procedure of pickling, alkali heat (AH), anodic oxidation (AO), electrochemical deposition (ED) and hydrothermal treatment (HT). After soaking in simulated body fluid for 48 h, the surface of the AHAOEDHT-treated pTi was completely covered by a homogeneous apatite layer. Using MC3T3-E1 pro-osteoblasts as cell model, the cell culture revealed that both the pTi without surface treatment and the AHAOEDHT sample could support the attachment, growth and proliferation of the cells. Compared to the pTi sample, the AHAOEDHT one induced higher expressions of osteogenesis-related genes in the cells, including alkaline phosphatase, Type I collagen, osteopontin, osteoclast inhibitor, osteocalcin and zinc finger structure transcription factor. As thus, besides the good corrosion resistance, the HA/L-TiO2/D-TiO2-coated pTi had good osteogenic activity, showing good potential in practical application for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Pin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hewei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhanwen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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Liu Y, Rath B, Tingart M, Eschweiler J. Role of implants surface modification in osseointegration: A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:470-484. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery RWTH Aachen University Clinic Aachen Germany
| | - Björn Rath
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery RWTH Aachen University Clinic Aachen Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery RWTH Aachen University Clinic Aachen Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery RWTH Aachen University Clinic Aachen Germany
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Kakulite KK, Panwar SS, Kandasubramanian B. A review: advancements in fluoro-based polymers for aggrandizing anti-galling and wear resistant characteristics. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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6
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Abou‐Okeil A, Aly AA, Amr A, Soliman AAF. Biocompatible hydrogel for cartilage repair with adjustable properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abou‐Okeil
- Pre‐treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers Department, Textile Research DivisionNational Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Amal Ahmed Aly
- Pre‐treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers Department, Textile Research DivisionNational Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed Amr
- Pre‐treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers Department, Textile Research DivisionNational Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel‐ Fattah Soliman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries DivisionNational Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
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An R, Fan PP, Zhou MJ, Wang Y, Goel S, Zhou XF, Li W, Wang JT. Nanolamellar Tantalum Interfaces in the Osteoblast Adhesion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2480-2489. [PMID: 30673289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The design of topographically patterned surfaces is considered to be a preferable approach for influencing cellular behavior in a controllable manner, in particular to improve the osteogenic ability of bone regeneration. In this study, we fabricated nanolamellar tantalum (Ta) surfaces with lamellar wall thicknesses of 40 and 70 nm. The cells attached to nanolamellar Ta surfaces exhibited higher protein adsorption and expression of β1 integrin, as compared to the nonstructured bulk Ta, which facilitated the initial cell attachment and spreading. We thus, as expected, observed significantly enhanced osteoblast adhesion, growth, and alkaline phosphatase activity on nanolamellar Ta surfaces. However, the beneficial effects of nanolamellar structures on osteogenesis became weaker as the lamellar wall thickness increased. The interaction between cells and Ta surfaces was examined through adhesion forces using atomic force microscopy. Our findings indicated that the Ta surface with a lamellar wall thickness of 40 nm exhibited the strongest stimulatory effect. The observed strongest adhesion force between the cell-attached tip and the Ta surface with a 40 nm thick lamellar wall encouraged the much stronger binding of cells with the surface and thus well-attached, -stretched, and -grown cells. We attributed this to the increase in the available contact area of cells with the thinner nanolamellar Ta surface. The increased contact area allowed the enhancement of the cell surface interaction strength and, thus, improved osteoblast adhesion. This study suggests that the thin nanolamellar topography shows immense potential in improving the clinical performance of dental and orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Peng Peng Fan
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Ming Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
- Xiamen Golden Egret Special Alloy Company, Ltd. , Xiamen 361021 , P. R. China
| | - Sunkulp Goel
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston Institute of Materials Research , Aston University , Birmingham B4 7ET , U.K
| | - Jing Tao Wang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
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8
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Vilardell AM, Cinca N, Garcia-Giralt N, Müller C, Dosta S, Sarret M, Cano IG, Nogués X, Guilemany JM. In-vitro study of hierarchical structures: Anodic oxidation and alkaline treatments onto highly rough titanium cold gas spray coatings for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:589-596. [PMID: 30033291 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structures were obtained applying two different nanotexturing surface treatments onto highly rough commercial pure titanium coatings by cold spray: (i) anodic oxidation and (ii) alkaline treatments. An extended surface characterization in terms of topography, composition, and wettability has been performed to understand how those parameters affect to cell response. Primary human osteoblasts extracted from knee were seeded onto the as-sprayed titanium surface before and after the nanotexturing treatments. Cell viability was tested by using MTS and LIVE/DEAD assays, as well as osteoblasts differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) quantification at 3 and 10 days of cell culture. The combination of micro-/nano-roughness results in a significantly increase of cell proliferation, as well as cell differentiation after 10 days of cell culture in comparison with the non-treated coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Vilardell
- Centre de Projecció Tèrmica (CPT), Dpt. Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Cinca
- Centre de Projecció Tèrmica (CPT), Dpt. Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Garcia-Giralt
- IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), CIBERFES, ISCIII, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Müller
- Centre de Projecció Tèrmica (CPT), Dpt. Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Dosta
- Centre de Projecció Tèrmica (CPT), Dpt. Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sarret
- Centre de Projecció Tèrmica (CPT), Dpt. Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I G Cano
- Centre de Projecció Tèrmica (CPT), Dpt. Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Nogués
- IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), CIBERFES, ISCIII, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Guilemany
- Centre de Projecció Tèrmica (CPT), Dpt. Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Alves AC, Thibeaux R, Toptan F, Pinto AMP, Ponthiaux P, David B. Influence of macroporosity on NIH/3T3 adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 over bio-functionalized highly porous titanium implant material. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018. [PMID: 29520948 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly porous Ti implant materials are being used in order to overcome the stress shielding effect on orthopedic implants. However, the lack of bioactivity on Ti surfaces is still a major concern regarding the osseointegration process. It is known that the rapid recruitment of osteoblasts in bone defects is an essential prerequisite for efficient bone repair. Conventionally, osteoblast recruitment to bone defects and subsequent bone repair has been achieved using growth factors. Thus, in this study highly porous Ti samples were processed by powder metallurgy using space holder technique followed by the bio-functionalization through microarc oxidation using a Ca- and P-rich electrolyte. The biological response in terms of early cell response, namely, adhesion, spreading, viability, and proliferation of the novel biofunctionalized highly porous Ti was carried out with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts in terms of viability, adhesion, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Results showed that bio-functionalization did not affect the cell viability. However, bio-functionalized highly porous Ti (22% porosity) enhanced the cell proliferation and activity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 73-85, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Alves
- CMEMS-UMinho - Center of MicroElectroMechanical Systems - Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azuém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R Thibeaux
- MSSMat, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols, Structures et Matériaux, UMR CNRS 8579, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - F Toptan
- CMEMS-UMinho - Center of MicroElectroMechanical Systems - Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azuém, Guimarães, Portugal.,DEM - Departament of Mechanical Engineering - Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal.,IBTN/Br - Brazilian Branch of the Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, UNESP, Campus de Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - A M P Pinto
- CMEMS-UMinho - Center of MicroElectroMechanical Systems - Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azuém, Guimarães, Portugal.,DEM - Departament of Mechanical Engineering - Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - P Ponthiaux
- LGPM, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - B David
- MSSMat, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols, Structures et Matériaux, UMR CNRS 8579, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Wang L, Zhou W, Wang Q, Xu C, Tang Q, Yang H. An Injectable, Dual Responsive, and Self-Healing Hydrogel Based on Oxidized Sodium Alginate and Hydrazide-Modified Poly(ethyleneglycol). Molecules 2018; 23:E546. [PMID: 29494526 PMCID: PMC6017758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized sodium alginate is a handily modifiable polysaccharide owing to the pendant aldehyde groups which can form dynamic covalent bonds with amines, acylhydrazines, etc., providing oxidized sodium alginate-based hydrogels with stimuli-responsive properties. However, due to the stiffness and, in particular, the hydrophobicity of sodium alginate dialdehyde at low pH, the mechanical performance and pH stimuli responsiveness of oxidized sodium alginate-based hydrogels are still strictly limited. Herein, we report a new strategy to build an injectable, dual responsive, and self-healing hydrogel based on oxidized sodium alginate and hydrazide-modified poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG). The hydrazide-modified PEG, referred to as PEG-DTP, acts as a macromolecule crosslinker. We found that the presence of PEG-DTP reduces the hydrophobicity of oxidized sodium alginate at low pH so effectively that even a pH-induced reversible sol-gel transitions can be realized. Meanwhile, the disulfide bonds in PEG-DTP endows the hydrogel with the other reversible sol-gel transitions by redox stimuli. In particular, due to the softness of PEG-DTP chains, mechanical performance was also enhanced significantly. Our results indicate we can easily integrate multi-stimuli responsiveness, injectability, and self-healing behavior together into an oxidized sodium alginate-based hydrogel merely by mixing an oxidized sodium alginate solution with PEG-DTP solution in certain proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Wanfu Zhou
- Oil Production Technology Institute, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing 163453, China.
| | - Qingguo Wang
- Oil Production Technology Institute, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing 163453, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Quan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Haiyang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Javed S, Sohail A, Maqbool K, Butt SI, Chaudhry QA. The Lattice Boltzmann method and computational analysis of bone dynamics-I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40294-017-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBone is comprised of an enormously hierarchical construction that promotes transportation of necessary fluids and solids, guaranteeing accurate function and growth. Bone remodeling is a combined process of bone creation and destruction. A number of mathematical models have been developed for the balanced and imbalanced bone remodeling. A brief overview regarding mathematical modeling of bone remodeling is provided. The Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has widely been implemented in CFD simulations, and it is becoming more suitable in the application of image processing amongst several others. Mainly, the LBM simulates the communication between synthetic particles dispersed in a lattice. Canaliculi and tortuous channels that have more or less roughly circular structure link among oval bodies identified as lacunae, and are vital to the function of bone. As there is a lack of equipment to inspect flow in channels on the order of measure of canaliculi, so the use of computational methods are more advantageous to give perceptivities into the nature of the flows. In this article, the computational fluid dynamics analysis is descried, using the Lattice Boltzmann method, to examine the result of the microscopic surface roughness of the canalicular wall, which is formed by collagen fibrils, on the flow profiles in the pericellular space.
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12
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TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti Dental Implant. Part 1: Formation and Aging in Hank’s Solution. METALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/met7050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-organized TiO2 nanotube layer has been formed on titanium screws with complex geometry, which are used as dental implants. TiO2 nanotubes film was grown by potentiostatic anodizing in H3PO4 and HF aqueous solution. During anodizing, the titanium screws were mounted on a rotating apparatus to produce a uniform structure both on the peaks and on the valleys of the threads. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and electrochemical characterization were used to evaluate the layer, chemical composition and electrochemical properties of the samples. Aging in Hank’s solution of both untreated and nanotubes covered screw, showed that: (i) samples are covered by an amorphous oxide layer, (ii) the nanotubes increases the corrosion resistance of the implant, and (iii) the presence of the nanotubes catalyses the formation of chemical compounds containing Ca and P.
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