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Zhanbassynova A, Mukasheva F, Abilev M, Berillo D, Trifonov A, Akilbekova D. Impact of Hydroxyapatite on Gelatin/Oxidized Alginate 3D-Printed Cryogel Scaffolds. Gels 2024; 10:406. [PMID: 38920952 PMCID: PMC11203254 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of scaffolds via 3D printing is a promising approach for tissue engineering. In this study, we combined 3D printing with cryogenic crosslinking to create biocompatible gelatin/oxidized alginate (Gel/OxAlg) scaffolds with large pore sizes, beneficial for bone tissue regeneration. To enhance the osteogenic effects and mechanical properties of these scaffolds, we evaluated the impact of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the rheological characteristics of the 2.86% (1:1) Gel/OxAlg ink. We investigated the morphological and mechanical properties of scaffolds with low, 5%, and high 10% HAp content, as well as the resulting bio- and osteogenic effects. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a reduction in pore sizes from 160 to 180 µm (HAp-free) and from 120 to 140 µm for both HAp-containing scaffolds. Increased stability and higher Young's moduli were measured for 5% and 10% HAp (18 and 21 kPa, respectively) compared to 11 kPa for HAp-free constructs. Biological assessments with mesenchymal stem cells indicated excellent cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation in all scaffolds, with high degree of mineralization in HAp-containing constructs. Scaffolds with 5% HAp exhibited improved mechanical characteristics and shape fidelity, demonstrated positive osteogenic impact, and enhanced bone tissue formation. Increasing the HAp content to 10% did not show any advantages in osteogenesis, offering a minor increase in mechanical strength at the cost of significantly compromised shape fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Zhanbassynova
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.Z.)
| | - Fariza Mukasheva
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.Z.)
| | - Madi Abilev
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.Z.)
| | - Dmitriy Berillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander Trifonov
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.Z.)
| | - Dana Akilbekova
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.Z.)
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2
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Ghandforoushan P, Alehosseini M, Golafshan N, Castilho M, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Hanaee J, Davaran S, Orive G. Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125674. [PMID: 37406921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Annually, millions of patients suffer from irreversible injury owing to the loss or failure of an organ or tissue caused by accident, aging, or disease. The combination of injectable hydrogels and the science of stem cells have emerged to address this persistent issue in society by generating minimally invasive treatments to augment tissue function. Hydrogels are composed of a cross-linked network of polymers that exhibit a high-water retention capacity, thereby mimicking the wet environment of native cells. Due to their inherent mechanical softness, hydrogels can be used as needle-injectable stem cell carrier materials to mend tissue defects. Hydrogels are made of different natural or synthetic polymers, displaying a broad portfolio of eligible properties, which include biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, shear-thinning properties as well as tunable biological and physicochemical properties. Presently, novel ongoing developments and native-like hydrogels are increasingly being used broadly to improve the quality of life of those with disabling tissue-related diseases. The present review outlines various future and in-vitro applications of injectable hydrogel-based biomaterials, focusing on the newest ongoing developments of in-situ forming injectable hydrogels for bone and cartilage tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghandforoushan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development, Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Alehosseini
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nasim Golafshan
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jalal Hanaee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; University of the Basque Country, Spain.
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3
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Huang X, An Y, Yuan S, Chen C, Shan H, Zhang M. Silk fibroin carriers with sustained release capacity for treating neurological diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1117542. [PMID: 37214477 PMCID: PMC10196044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease usually occur in the central and peripheral nervous system and result in nervous dysfunction, such as cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. Long-term clinical intervention is necessary for neurological diseases where neural stem cell transplantation has made substantial progress. However, many risks remain for cell therapy, such as puncture bleeding, postoperative infection, low transplantation success rate, and tumor formation. Sustained drug delivery, which aims to maintain the desired steady-state drug concentrations in plasma or local injection sites, is considered as a feasible option to help overcome side effects and improve the therapeutic efficiency of drugs on neurological diseases. Natural polymers such as silk fibroin have excellent biocompatibility, which can be prepared for various end-use material formats, such as microsphere, gel, coating/film, scaffold/conduit, microneedle, and enables the dynamic release of loaded drugs to achieve a desired therapeutic response. Sustained-release drug delivery systems are based on the mechanism of diffusion and degradation by altering the structures of silk fibroin and drugs, factors, and cells, which can induce nerve recovery and restore the function of the nervous system in a slow and persistent manner. Based on these desirable properties of silk fibroin as a carrier with sustained-release capacity, this paper discusses the role of various forms of silk fibroin-based drug delivery materials in treating neurological diseases in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Huang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yumei An
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengye Yuan
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongtai People’s Hospital, Dongtai, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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4
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Motameni A, Çardaklı İS, Gürbüz R, Alshemary AZ, Razavi M, Farukoğlu ÖC. Bioglass-polymer composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration: a review of current trends. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2023.2186864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Motameni
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Seçkin Çardaklı
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Rıza Gürbüz
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ammar Z. Alshemary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix™ (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ömer Can Farukoğlu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Yang CY, Jian LY, Lee YT, Tseng ZL, Lin JH. Amplified spontaneous emission from all-inorganic perovskite on a flexible substrate with silk fibroin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10102. [PMID: 35710555 PMCID: PMC9203528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretchable microcavity lasers reveal potential application in flexible displays, biomedicine, and wearable devices in the near future. In this work, we investigated the characteristic of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from all inorganic CsPbBr3 QDs on a flexible PET substrate with the assistance of biocompatible silk fibroin (SF) film. In comparison with the sample on PET directly, the ASE of all-inorganic perovskite film revealed a lower threshold of 32.7 μJ/cm2, higher slope efficiency, and a larger gain coefficient of around 100.0 cm−1 owing to the better stack and good arrangement of the CsPbBr3 QDs on top of the SF film. For the temperature-dependent ASE measurement, the larger characteristic temperature of around 277 K is obtained from CsPbBr3 QD/SF film, and the emission peak reveals a slight shift with temperature variation, which indicates its temperature-insensitive property. As the curvature of flexible substrate increases under the mechanical bending, the lasing threshold of CsPbBr3 QD/SF film was reduced along with the increase in slope efficiency owing to the enhancement in the index guiding effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yu Jian
- Department of Electro-optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Zong-Liang Tseng
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243303, Taiwan.
| | - Ja-Hon Lin
- Department of Electro-optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan.
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6
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Enhanced osteogenic effect in reduced BMP-2 doses with siNoggin transfected pre-osteoblasts in 3D silk scaffolds. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121352. [PMID: 34883207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-2, are being increasingly used in bone tissue engineering due to its osteo-inductive effects. Although recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use for bone repair, its high doses cause undesired side effects. In order to reduce the BMP-2 dose for enhanced osteogenic differentiation, in this study we decided to suppress the synthesis of Noggin protein, the primary antagonist of BMP-2, on the MC3T3-E1 cells using Noggin targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA). Unlike other studies, Noggin siRNA (siNoggin) transfected cells were seeded on silk scaffolds, and osteogenic differentiation was investigated for a long-term period (21 days) with MTT, qPCR, SEM/EDS, and histological analysis. Besides, siNoggin transfected MC3T3-E1 cells were evaluated as a new cell source for tissue engineering studies. It was determined that Nog gene expression was suppressed in the siNoggin group and Ocn gene expression increased 5-fold compared to the control group (*p < 0.05). The osteogenic effect of BMP-2 was clearly observed in siNoggin transfected cells. According to the SEM/EDS analysis, the siNoggin group has mineral structures clustered on cells, which contain intense Ca and P elements. Histological staining showed that the siNoggin group has a more intense mineralized area than that of the control group. In conclusion, this study indicated that Noggin silencing by siRNA induces osteogenic differentiation in reduced BMP-2 doses for scaffold-based bone regeneration. This non-gene integration strategy has as a safe therapeutic potential to enhance tissue regeneration.
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7
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Jiang Z, Zhang K, Du L, Cheng Z, Zhang T, Ding J, Li W, Xu B, Zhu M. Construction of chitosan scaffolds with controllable microchannel for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112178. [PMID: 34082978 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microchannels are effective means of enabling the functional performance of tissue engineering scaffolds. Chitosan, a partial deacetylation derivative of chitin, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility, has been widely used in clinical practice. However, development of chitosan scaffolds with controllable microchannels architecture remains an engineering challenge. Here, we generated chitosan scaffolds with adjustable microchannel by combining a 3D printing microfiber templates-leaching method and a freeze-drying method. We can precisely control the arrangement, diameter and density of microchannel within chitosan scaffolds. Moreover, the integrated bilayer scaffolds with the desired structural parameters in each layer were fabricated and exhibited no delamination. The flow rate and volume of the simulated fluid can be modulated by diverse channels architecture. Additionally, the microchannel structure promoted cell survival, proliferation and distribution in vitro, and improved cell and tissue ingrowth and vascular formation in vivo. This study opens a new road for constructing chitosan scaffolds, and can further extend their application scope across tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyan Jiang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kaihui Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Lilong Du
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Zhaojun Cheng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Tongxing Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Ji Ding
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Meifeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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8
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Zhu C, Qiu J, Thomopoulos S, Xia Y. Augmenting Tendon-to-Bone Repair with Functionally Graded Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002269. [PMID: 33694312 PMCID: PMC8102396 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tendon-to-bone repair often fails because the functionally graded attachment is not regenerated during the healing process. Biomimetic scaffolds that recapitulate the unique features of the native tendon-to-bone attachment hold great promise for enhancing the healing process. Among various types of scaffolds that are developed and evaluated for tendon-to-bone repair, those with gradations (in either a stratified or a continuous fashion) in composition, structure, mechanical properties, and cell phenotype have gained the most attention. In this progress report, the recent efforts in the rational design and fabrication of functionally graded scaffolds based upon electrospun nanofiber mats and inverse opal structures, as well as the evaluation of their applications in augmenting tendon-to-bone repair, are reviewed. This report concludes with perspectives on the necessary future steps for clinical translation of the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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9
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Ai C, Liu L, Goh JCH. Pore size modulates in vitro osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in fibronectin/gelatin coated silk fibroin scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 124:112088. [PMID: 33947578 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Porous scaffolds have been widely used for bone tissue engineering (BTE), and the pore structure of scaffolds plays an important role in osteogenesis. Silk fibroin (SF) is a favorable biomaterial for BTE due to its excellent mechanical property, biocompatibility, and biodegradation, but the lack of cell attachment sites in SF chemical structure resulted in poor cell-material interactions. In this study, SF scaffolds were coated with fibronectin/gelatin (Fn/G) to improve cell adhesion. Furthermore, the effect of pore size in Fn/G coated SF scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were investigated in vitro. Scaffolds with average pore diameters of 384.52, 275.23, and 173.8 μm were prepared by salt leaching method, labelled as Large, Medium, and Small group. Porcine BMSCs were seeded on scaffolds and cultured in osteogenic medium for 21 days to evaluate cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, gene expression of osteogenic markers, and histological performance. The results showed Fn/G coating effectively improved cell adhesion on SF scaffolds. Cell metabolic rate in each group increased significantly with time, but there was no statistical difference at each time point among the three groups. On day 21, ALP/DNA and calcium/DNA in the Small group were significantly higher than those in the Large group. Among the three pore sizes, the Small group showed higher mRNA expression of COl I on day 7, OPN on day 14, and OCN on day 21. Immunohistochemical staining on day 21 showed that Col I and OCN in Small group were more highly expressed. In conclusion, the Fn/G coated SF scaffolds with a mean pore diameter of 173.8 μm was optimal for osteogenic differentiation of BMSC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchong Ai
- NUS Graduate School, Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Cho-Hong Goh
- NUS Graduate School, Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Rubert M, Vetsch JR, Lehtoviita I, Sommer M, Zhao F, Studart AR, Müller R, Hofmann S. Scaffold Pore Geometry Guides Gene Regulation and Bone-like Tissue Formation in Dynamic Cultures. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1192-1204. [PMID: 33297842 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to scaffold pore geometry and mechanical stimuli. Many fabrication methods used in bone tissue engineering render structures with poorly controlled pore geometries. Given that cell-scaffold interactions are complex, drawing a conclusion on how cells sense and respond to uncontrolled scaffold features under mechanical loading is difficult. In this study, monodisperse templated scaffolds (MTSC) were fabricated and used as well-defined porous scaffolds to study the effect of dynamic culture conditions on bone-like tissue formation. Human bone marrow-derived stromal cells were cultured on MTSC or conventional salt-leached scaffolds (SLSC) for up to 7 weeks, either under static or dynamic conditions (wall shear stress [WSS] using spinner flask bioreactors). The influence of controlled spherical pore geometry of MTSC subjected to static or dynamic conditions on osteoblast cell differentiation, bone-like tissue formation, structure, and distribution was investigated. WSS generated within the two idealized geometrical scaffold features was assessed. Distinct response to fluid flow in osteoblast cell differentiation were shown to be dependent on scaffold pore geometry. As revealed by collagen staining and microcomputed tomography images, dynamic conditions promoted a more regular extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and mineral distribution in both scaffold types compared with static conditions. The results showed that regulation of bone-related genes and the amount and the structure of mineralized ECM were dependent on scaffold pore geometry and the mechanical cues provided by the two different culture conditions. Under dynamic conditions, SLSC favored osteoblast cell differentiation and ECM formation, whereas MTSC enhanced ECM mineralization. The spherical pore shape in MTSC supported a more trabecular bone-like structure under dynamic conditions compared with MTSC statically cultured or to SLSC under either static or dynamic conditions. These results suggest that cell activity and bone-like tissue formation is driven not only by the pore geometry but also by the mechanical environment. This should be taken into account in the future design of complex scaffolds, which should favor cell differentiation while guiding the formation, structure, and distribution of the engineered bone tissue. This could help to mimic the anatomical complexity of the bone tissue structure and to adapt to each bone defect needs. Impact statement Aging of the human population leads to an increasing need for medical implants with high success rate. We provide evidence that cell activity and the amount and structure of bone-like tissue formation is dependent on the scaffold pore geometry and on the mechanical environment. Fabrication of complex scaffolds comprising concave and planar pore geometries might represent a promising direction toward the tunability and mimicry the structural complexity of the bone tissue. Moreover, the use of fabrication methods that allow a systematic fabrication of reproducible and geometrically controlled structures would simplify scaffold design optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rubert
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jolanda Rita Vetsch
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iina Lehtoviita
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Sommer
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Schädli GN, Vetsch JR, Baumann RP, de Leeuw AM, Wehrle E, Rubert M, Müller R. Time-lapsed imaging of nanocomposite scaffolds reveals increased bone formation in dynamic compression bioreactors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:110. [PMID: 33495540 PMCID: PMC7835377 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in bone scaffold development relies on cost-intensive and hardly scalable animal studies. In contrast to in vivo, in vitro studies are often conducted in the absence of dynamic compression. Here, we present an in vitro dynamic compression bioreactor approach to monitor bone formation in scaffolds under cyclic loading. A biopolymer was processed into mechanically competent bone scaffolds that incorporate a high-volume content of ultrasonically treated hydroxyapatite or a mixture with barium titanate nanoparticles. After seeding with human bone marrow stromal cells, time-lapsed imaging of scaffolds in bioreactors revealed increased bone formation in hydroxyapatite scaffolds under cyclic loading. This stimulatory effect was even more pronounced in scaffolds containing a mixture of barium titanate and hydroxyapatite and corroborated by immunohistological staining. Therefore, by combining mechanical loading and time-lapsed imaging, this in vitro bioreactor strategy may potentially accelerate development of engineered bone scaffolds and reduce the use of animals for experimentation. Schädli et al. present a bioreactor system that combines mechanical loading with longitudinal microCT imaging to assess bone mineralization in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold reinforced with nanoparticles. This approach allows rapid and rigorous evaluation of engineered bone scaffolds performance in vitro and might reduce the use of animals for experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Nutal Schädli
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jolanda R Vetsch
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert P Baumann
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke M de Leeuw
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Rubert
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Nagiah N, Bhattacharjee M, Murdock CJ, Kan HM, Barajaa M, Laurencin CT. Spatial alignment of 3D printed scaffolds modulates genotypic expression in pre-osteoblasts. MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 276:128189. [PMID: 32773913 PMCID: PMC7409969 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
3D printing, an advent from rapid prototyping technology is emerging as a suitable solution for various regenerative engineering applications. In this study, blended gelatin-sodium alginate 3D printed scaffolds with different pore geometries were developed by altering the spatiotemporal alignment of even layered struts in the scaffolds. A significant difference in compression modulus and osteogenic expression due to the difference in spatiotemporal printing was demonstrated. Pore geometry was found to be more dominant than the compressive modulus of the scaffold in regulating osteogenic gene expression. A shift in pore geometry by at least 45° was critical for significant increase in osteogenic gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Nagiah
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Maumita Bhattacharjee
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Christopher J. Murdock
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mohammed Barajaa
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Melke J, Zhao F, Ito K, Hofmann S. Orbital seeding of mesenchymal stromal cells increases osteogenic differentiation and bone-like tissue formation. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1228-1237. [PMID: 31922286 PMCID: PMC7317919 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering (TE), an efficient seeding and homogenous distribution of cells is needed to avoid cell loss and damage as well as to facilitate tissue development. Dynamic seeding methods seem to be superior to the static ones because they tend to result in a more homogeneous cell distribution by using kinetic forces. However, most dynamic seeding techniques are elaborate or require special equipment and its influence on the final bone tissue-engineered construct is not clear. In this study, we applied a simple, dynamic seeding method using an orbital shaker to seed human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) on silk fibroin scaffolds. Significantly higher cell numbers with a more homogenous cell distribution, increased osteogenic differentiation, and mineral deposition were observed using the dynamic approach both for 4 and 6 hours as compared to the static seeding method. The positive influence of dynamic seeding could be attributed to both cell density and distribution but also nutrient supply during seeding and shear stresses (0.0-3.0 mPa) as determined by computational simulations. The influence of relevant mechanical stimuli during seeding should be investigated in the future, especially regarding the importance of mechanical cues for bone TE applications. Our results highlight the importance of adequate choice of seeding method and its impact on developing tissue-engineered constructs. The application of this simple seeding technique is not only recommended for bone TE but can also be used for seeding similar porous scaffolds with hBMSCs in other TE fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Melke
- Orthopaedic BiomechanicsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands,Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Orthopaedic BiomechanicsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands,Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic BiomechanicsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands,Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic BiomechanicsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands,Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
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The effect of oxygen plasma pretreatment on the properties of mussel-inspired polydopamine-decorated polyurethane nanofibers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, polyurethane (PU) scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning technology and modified through the deposition of polydopamine (PDA) on the activated surface under oxygen plasma treatment. Herein, the effect of the modification process on the homogeneous surface coating and the changes in the physicochemical and biological properties were evaluated. Morphological observations demonstrated decoration of the nanofibrous microstructure with PDA, while the uniformity and homogeneity of the deposited layer increased after plasma oxygen treatment. Hydrophilicity measurements and swelling ratio indicated a remarkable improvement in the interaction of scaffolds with water molecules when the PDA coating is applied on the surface of the treated nanofibers. The biomineralization of the samples was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. It was found that PDA has the capability for mineralization, and the amount of deposited hydroxyapatite increased as a function of PDA content. The in vitro evaluation of constructs indicated great improvement in cell-scaffold interactions, biocompatibility, and alkaline phosphatase activity after coating the PDA on the plasma-modified matrix. These results suggest that PDA coating, especially after oxygen plasma treatment, improves the physicochemical and in vitro properties of PU scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application.
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15
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Silk: A Promising Biomaterial Opening New Vistas Towards Affordable Healthcare Solutions. J Indian Inst Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-019-00114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kalani MM, Nourmohammadi J, Negahdari B, Rahimi A, Sell SA. Electrospun core-sheath poly(vinyl alcohol)/silk fibroin nanofibers with Rosuvastatin release functionality for enhancing osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Fabrication of hierarchically porous silk fibroin-bioactive glass composite scaffold via indirect 3D printing: Effect of particle size on physico-mechanical properties and in vitro cellular behavior. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109688. [PMID: 31349405 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to regenerate bone defects, bioactive hierarchically scaffolds play a key role due to their multilevel porous structure, high surface area, enhanced nutrient transport and diffusion. In this study, novel hierarchically porous silk fibroin (SF) and silk fibroin-bioactive glass (SF-BG) composite were fabricated with controlled architecture and interconnected structure, by combining indirect three-dimensional (3D) inkjet printing and freeze-drying methods. Further, the effect of 45S5 Bioactive glass particles of different sizes (<100 nm and 6 μm) on mechanical strength and cell behavior was investigated. The results demonstrated that the hierarchical structure in this scaffold was composed of two levels of pores in the order of 500-600 μm and 10-50 μm. The prepared SF-BG composite scaffolds utilized by nano and micro particles possessed mechanical properties with a compressive strength of 0.94 and 1.2 MPa, respectively, in dry conditions. In a wet condition, the hierarchically porous scaffolds did not exhibit any fluctuation after compression load cell and were incredibly flexible, with excellent mechanical stability. The SF-BG composite scaffold with nanoparticles presented a significant 50% increase in attachment of human bone marrow stem cells in comparison with SF and SF-BG scaffold with microparticles. Moreover, SF-BG scaffolds promoted alkaline phosphatase activity as compared to SF scaffolds without BG particles on day 14. In brief, the 3D porous silk fibroin-based composites containing BG nanoparticles with excellent mechanical properties are promising scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration in high load-bearing applications.
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Patwa R, Soundararajan N, Mulchandani N, Bhasney SM, Shah M, Kumar S, Kumar A, Katiyar V. Silk nano-discs: A natural material for cancer therapy. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23231. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patwa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Narendren Soundararajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Neha Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Siddharth M. Bhasney
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Manisha Shah
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
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Barlian A, Judawisastra H, Alfarafisa NM, Wibowo UA, Rosadi I. Chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by L-ascorbic acid and platelet rich plasma on silk fibroin scaffold. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5809. [PMID: 30488014 PMCID: PMC6250097 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with limited regenerative property. Therefore, a defect or trauma in articular cartilage due to disease or accident can lead to progressive tissue deterioration. Cartilage tissue engineering, by replacing defective cartilage tissue, is a method for repairing such a problem. In this research, three main aspects-cell, biomaterial scaffold, and bioactive factors-that support tissue engineering study were optimized. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) that become cartilage were grown in an optimized growth medium supplemented with either platelet rich plasma (PRP) or L-ascorbic acid (LAA). As the characterization result, the ADSC used in this experiment could be classified as Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) based on multipotency analysis and cell surface marker analysis. The biomaterial scaffold was fabricated from the Bombyx morii cocoon using silk fibroin by salt leaching method and was engineered to form different sizes of pores to provide optimized support for cell adhesion and growth. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity evaluation was done using MTT assay to optimize silk fibroin concentration and pore size. Characterized ADSC were grown on the optimized scaffold. LAA and PRP were chosen as bioactive factors to induce ADSC differentiation to become chondrocytes. The concentration optimization of LAA and PRP was analyzed by cell proliferation using MTT assay and chondrogenic differentiation by measuring glycosaminoglycan (GAG) using Alcian Blue at 605 nm wavelength. The optimum silk fibroin concentration, pore size, LAA concentration, and PRP concentration were used to grow and differentiate characterized ADSC for 7, 14, and 21 days. The cell morphology on the scaffold was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result showed that the ADSC could adhere on plastic, express specific cell surface markers (CD73, CD90, and CD105), and could be differentiated into three types of mature cells. The silk fibroin scaffold made from 12% w/v concentration formed a 500 µm pore diameter (SEM analysis), and was shown by MTT assay to be biocompatible and to facilitate cell growth. The optimum concentrations of the bioactive factors LAA and PRP were 50 µg/mL and 10%, respectively. GAG analysis with Alcian Blue staining suggested that PRP induction medium and LAA induction medium on 12% w/v scaffold could effectively promote not only cell adhesion and cell proliferation but also chondrogenic differentiation of ADSC within 21 days of culture. Therefore, this study provides a new approach to articular tissue engineering with a combination of ADSC as cell source, LAA and PRP as bioactive factors, and silk fibroin as a biocompatible and biodegradable scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hermawan Judawisastra
- Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nayla M Alfarafisa
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Untung A Wibowo
- Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Lu W, Ji J, Ma G, Dai Q, Chen L, Zuo P, Zhao Y. Inverse opal substrate-loaded mesenchymal stem cells contribute to decreased myocardial remodeling after transplantation into acute myocardial infarction mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7033-7046. [PMID: 30464457 PMCID: PMC6220438 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s178270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The two-dimensional incubation method is now the most commonly method for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) production. however, gene expression and secretion of growth factors are relatively low; thus, the transplanted cells cannot be effectively utilized for potential clinical applications after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objectives We aimed to investigate whether our newly made substrates of inverse opal with specific surface microstructures for MSC culturing can increase the viability of the cells and can contributes to decreased myocardial remodeling after transplanted to AMI mice. Methods The inverse opal structure is fabricated by the convenient bottom-up approach of the self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles. Mouse-derived MSCs were then cultured on the substrates when expanded at different times to investigate the cell growth status including morphology. Then the inverse opal substrates loaded MSCs were transplanted to AMI mice, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and LV remodeling were further compared. To explore the possible mechanisms of curation, the secretions and viability of MSCs on substrates were determined using mice ELISA kits and JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay kits respectively at normal and hypoxic conditions. Results 6 times expanded inverse opals allowed greatly the orderly growth of MSCs as compared to four (34% ± 10.6%) and two (20%±7.2%) times expanded as well as unexpanded (13%±4.1%) (P<0.001). Nearly 90% of MSCs showed orientation angle intervals of less than 30° when at the 6X expanded (89.6%±25%) compared to the percent of cells with 30°-60° (8.7%±2.6%) or ≥60° (1.7%±1.0%) orientation angle (P<0.001). After inverse opal loaded MSCs transplanted to AMI mice, greatly decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes (20.45%±8.64% vs.39.63%±11.71%, P<0.001) and infarction area (5.87±2.18 mm2 vs 9.31±3.11 mm2, P<0.001) were identified. In the end, the viability of inverse opal loaded MSCs determined by membrane potential (P<0.001) and the secretion of growth factors including VEGF-α, SDF-1 and Ang-1 (P<0.001) were both confirmed significantly higher than that of the conventional culture in petri dish. Conclusion The structure of inverse opal can not only adjust the arrangement of MSCs but also contribute to its orientated growth. Inverse opal loaded MSCs transplantation extremely curbed myocardial remodeling, the underlying mechanisms might be the high viability and extremely higher secretions of growth factors of MSCs as devoted by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - JingJing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Qiming Dai
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Pengfei Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
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Wang D, Steffi C, Wang Z, Kong CH, Lim PN, Shi Z, Thian ES, Wang W. Beta-cyclodextrin modified mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles/silk fibroin hybrid nanofibers as an implantable estradiol delivery system for the potential treatment of osteoporosis. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18341-18353. [PMID: 30255905 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease prevalent in elderly women, is associated with post-menopausal estrogen deficiency. Although systemic administration of exogenous estradiol (E2) reduced fragility fractures, the treatment has adverse effects. Localized delivery technologies of E2 could be utilized to circumvent the systemic adverse effects of systemic administration. In this study, a localized E2 delivery system is developed. Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNPs) with inherent osteogenic properties are modified with β-cyclodextrin (CD-MBGNPs) to enhance their affinity for E2. To ensure mechanical stability and integrity, E2 loaded CD-MBGNPs are further electrospun with silk fibroin (SF) to produce a nanofibrous mesh (E2@CD-MBGNPs/SF). The incorporation of MBGNPs in SF enhances in vitro apatite formation and sustains the constant release of E2. Moreover, osteoblast proliferation and differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen 1 and osteocalcin expression of MC3T3-E1 are augmented in CD-MBGNPs/SF and E2@CD-MBGNPs/SF as compared to SF nanofibers. On the other hand, osteoclast DNA, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity and multinucleated cell formation are reduced in E2@CD-MBGNPs/SF as compared to CD-MBGNPs/SF and SF. Hence the presence of CD-MBGNPs in SF stimulates osteoblast function whereas E2 incorporation in CD-MBGNPs/SF reduces osteoclast activity. This is the first report to develop CD-MBGNPs/SF as a localized delivery system for hydrophobic molecules such as estradiol to treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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DeFrates KG, Moore R, Borgesi J, Lin G, Mulderig T, Beachley V, Hu X. Protein-Based Fiber Materials in Medicine: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E457. [PMID: 29932123 PMCID: PMC6071022 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibrous materials have garnered much interest in the field of biomedical engineering due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, porosity, and tunability. Specifically, in the field of tissue engineering, fiber meshes have been used to create biomimetic nanostructures that allow for cell attachment, migration, and proliferation, to promote tissue regeneration and wound healing, as well as controllable drug delivery. In addition to the properties of conventional, synthetic polymer fibers, fibers made from natural polymers, such as proteins, can exhibit enhanced biocompatibility, bioactivity, and biodegradability. Of these proteins, keratin, collagen, silk, elastin, zein, and soy are some the most common used in fiber fabrication. The specific capabilities of these materials have been shown to vary based on their physical properties, as well as their fabrication method. To date, such fabrication methods include electrospinning, wet/dry jet spinning, dry spinning, centrifugal spinning, solution blowing, self-assembly, phase separation, and drawing. This review serves to provide a basic knowledge of these commonly utilized proteins and methods, as well as the fabricated fibers’ applications in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey G DeFrates
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Robert Moore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Julia Borgesi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Guowei Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Thomas Mulderig
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Vince Beachley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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Zhang YS, Zhu C, Xia Y. Inverse Opal Scaffolds and Their Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:10.1002/adma.201701115. [PMID: 28649794 PMCID: PMC5581229 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional porous scaffolds play a pivotal role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by functioning as biomimetic substrates to manipulate cellular behaviors. While many techniques have been developed to fabricate porous scaffolds, most of them rely on stochastic processes that typically result in scaffolds with pores uncontrolled in terms of size, structure, and interconnectivity, greatly limiting their use in tissue regeneration. Inverse opal scaffolds, in contrast, possess uniform pores inheriting from the template comprised of a closely packed lattice of monodispersed microspheres. The key parameters of such scaffolds, including architecture, pore structure, porosity, and interconnectivity, can all be made uniform across the same sample and among different samples. In conjunction with a tight control over pore sizes, inverse opal scaffolds have found widespread use in biomedical applications. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion on this new class of advanced materials. After a brief introduction to their history and fabrication, we highlight the unique advantages of inverse opal scaffolds over their non-uniform counterparts. We then showcase their broad applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, followed by a summary and perspective on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Tseng P, Zhao S, Golding A, Applegate MB, Mitropoulos AN, Kaplan DL, Omenetto FG. Evaluation of Silk Inverse Opals for "Smart" Tissue Culture. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:470-477. [PMID: 30023608 PMCID: PMC6044746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Visually tracking the subtle aspects of biological systems in real time during tissue culture remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the use of bioactive, cytocompatible, and biodegradable inverse opals from silk as a multifunctional substrate to transduce both the optical information and cells during tissue culture. We show that these substrates can visually track substrate degradation in various proteases during tissue digestion and protein deposition during the growth of mesenchymal stem cells. Uniquely, these substrates can be integrated in multiple steps of tissue culture for simple-to-use, visual, and quantitative detectors of bioactivity. These substrates can also be doped, demonstrated here with gold nanoparticles, to allow additional control of cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tseng
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Siwei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Annie Golding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Matthew B. Applegate
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Alexander N. Mitropoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Wang L, Chen D, Jiang K, Shen G. New insights and perspectives into biological materials for flexible electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6764-6815. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Materials based on biological materials are becoming increasingly competitive and are likely to be critical components in flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute & Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA
- Chinese PLA Medical School
- Chinese PLA General Hospital
- Beijing 100853
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
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Wang B, Prinsen P, Wang H, Bai Z, Wang H, Luque R, Xuan J. Macroporous materials: microfluidic fabrication, functionalization and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:855-914. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00065c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an up-to-date highly comprehensive overview (594 references) on the state of the art of the synthesis and design of macroporous materials using microfluidics and their applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Pepijn Prinsen
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Cordoba
- Campus de Rabanales
- Cordoba
- Spain
| | - Huizhi Wang
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Zhishan Bai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Cordoba
- Campus de Rabanales
- Cordoba
- Spain
| | - Jin Xuan
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
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Sommer MR, Schaffner M, Carnelli D, Studart AR. 3D Printing of Hierarchical Silk Fibroin Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34677-34685. [PMID: 27933765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Like many other natural materials, silk is hierarchically structured from the amino acid level up to the cocoon or spider web macroscopic structures. Despite being used industrially in a number of applications, hierarchically structured silk fibroin objects with a similar degree of architectural control as in natural structures have not been produced yet due to limitations in fabrication processes. In a combined top-down and bottom-up approach, we exploit the freedom in macroscopic design offered by 3D printing and the template-guided assembly of ink building blocks at the meso- and nanolevel to fabricate hierarchical silk porous materials with unprecedented structural control. Pores with tunable sizes in the range 40-350 μm are generated by adding sacrificial organic microparticles as templates to a silk fibroin-based ink. Commercially available wax particles or monodisperse polycaprolactone made by microfluidics can be used as microparticle templates. Since closed pores are generated after template removal, an ultrasonication treatment can optionally be used to achieve open porosity. Such pore templating particles can be further modified with nanoparticles to create a hierarchical template that results in porous structures with a defined nanotopography on the pore walls. The hierarchically porous silk structures obtained with this processing technique can potentially be utilized in various application fields from structural materials to thermal insulation to tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Sommer
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schaffner
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Carnelli
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sommer MR, Vetsch JR, Leemann J, Müller R, Studart AR, Hofmann S. Silk fibroin scaffolds with inverse opal structure for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2074-2084. [PMID: 27407014 PMCID: PMC5599946 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
How scaffold porosity, pore diameter and geometry influence cellular behavior is-although heavily researched - merely understood, especially in 3D. This is mainly caused by a lack of suitable, reproducible scaffold fabrication methods, with processes such as gas foaming, lyophilization or particulate leaching still being the standard. Here we propose a method to generate highly porous silk fibroin scaffolds with monodisperse spherical pores, namely inverse opals, and study their effect on cell behavior. These silk fibroin inverse opal scaffolds were compared to salt-leached silk fibroin scaffolds in terms of human mesenchymal stem cell response upon osteogenic differentiation signals. While cell number remained similar on both scaffold types, extracellular matrix mineralization nearly doubled on the newly developed scaffolds, suggesting a positive effect on cell differentiation. By using the very same material with comparable average pore diameters, this increase in mineral content can be attributed to either the differences in pore diameter distribution or the pore geometry. Although the exact mechanisms leading to enhanced mineralization in inverse opals are not yet fully understood, our results indicate that control over pore geometry alone can have a major impact on the bioactivity of a scaffold toward stem cell differentiation into bone tissue. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2074-2084, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Sommer
- Department of Materials, Complex Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jolanda R Vetsch
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Leemann
- Department of Materials, Complex Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Department of Materials, Complex Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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