Electrochemical and biocompatibility examinations of high‐pressure torsion processed titanium and T i–13 N b–13 Z r alloy

Human gingival fibroblast response on zirconia and titanium implant abutment: A systematic review

PURPOSE

The peri-implant region, where restoration interfaces with mucosal tissue, plays an essential role in overall implant success and is just as important as osseointegration. The implant abutment materials are in intimate contact with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). This study compares the proliferation of HGFs between zirconia and titanium abutments used in dental implants.

METHODS

An electronic search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. English articles based on in vitro studies testing HGFs proliferation on zirconia and titanium implant abutment materials were included. A quality assessment of the selected study was performed using the web-based Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP) tool. The HGFs proliferation and cellular morphology tests on zirconia and titanium materials from the included studies were summarized, exploring the role of material surface characteristics.

RESULTS

The electronic search yielded 401 studies, of which 17 were selected for inclusion. Zirconia exhibited comparable or superior efficacy in promoting the proliferation of HGFs compared to titanium. Observations on cellular morphology showed similar outcomes for both materials. Establishing a definitive relationship between contact angle, surface roughness, and their influence on cellular response remains challenging due to the varied methodological approaches in the reviewed studies.

CONCLUSION

Based on the findings of this systematic review, zirconia shows comparable reliability to titanium as an abutment material for HGFs proliferation, with comparable or superior HGFs proliferative outcomes.

Anodizing/Anaphoretic Electrodeposition of Nano-Calcium Phosphate/Chitosan Lactate Multifunctional Coatings on Titanium with Advanced Corrosion Resistance, Bioactivity, and Antibacterial Properties

The aim of this work was to investigate corrosion resistivity, bioactivity, and antibacterial activity of novel nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) potentially multifunctional composite coatings with and without chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (ChOL), ACP + ChOL/TiO₂ and ACP/TiO₂ ACP + ChOL/TiO₂, respectively, on the titanium substrate. The coatings were obtained by new single-step in situ anodization of the substrate to generate TiO₂ and the anaphoretic electrodeposition process of ACP and ChOL. The obtained coatings were around 300 ± 15 μm thick and consisted of two phases, namely, TiO₂ and hybrid composite phases. Both ACP/TiO₂ and ACP + ChOL/TiO₂ have improved corrosion stability, whereas the ACP + ChOL/TiO₂ coating showed better corrosion stability. It was shown that at the very start of the deposition process, the formation of the ChOL/TiO₂ layer takes place predominantly, which is followed by the inclusion of ChOL into ACP with simultaneous growth of TiO₂. This deposition mechanism resulted in the formation of strongly bonded uniform stable coating with high corrosion resistance. In vitro bioactivity was investigated by immersion of the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). There is in-bone-like apatite formation on both ACP/TiO₂ and ACP + ChOL/TiO₂ surfaces upon immersion into SBF, which was proven by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. While ACP/TiO₂ shows no antibacterial activity, ACP + ChOL/TiO₂ samples exhibited three- to fourfold decreases in the number of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, after 420 min. The probable mechanism is binding ChOL with the bacterial cell wall, inhibiting its growth, altering the permeability of the cell membrane, and leading to bacterial death.