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Moon SH, Shin SJ, Oh S, Bae JM. Antibacterial Activity and Sustained Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate-Based Cement as a Root-End Filling Material against Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6124. [PMID: 37763402 PMCID: PMC10532646 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Several calcium silicate cement (CSC) types with improved handling properties have been developed lately for root-end filling applications. While sealing ability is important, a high biocompatibility and antimicrobial effects are critical. This study aimed to conduct a comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy and sustained antibacterial effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) of commercially available CSCs mixed with distilled water (DW) and chlorhexidine (CHX). Various products, viz., ProRoot mixed with DW (PRW) or with CHX (PRC), Endocem mixed with DW (EW) or with CHX (EC), and Endocem premixed (EP) syringe type, were used. While antibacterial activity against E. faecalis was evaluated using a direct contact method, the specimens were stored in a shaking incubator for 30 d for antibacterial sustainability. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay in human periodontal ligament stem cells. The antibacterial activities of EP, EW, and EC were greater than those of PRC and PRW (p < 0.05). The antibacterial sustainability of EP was the highest without cytotoxicity for up to 30 days (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the pre-mixed injectable type EP was most effective in terms of antibacterial activity and sustained antibacterial effectiveness without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hee Moon
- Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.M.); (S.O.)
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Jin Shin
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seunghan Oh
- Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.M.); (S.O.)
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Myung Bae
- Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.M.); (S.O.)
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea;
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Vieira FP, Gonini Júnior A, Piva E, Oliveira HDL, da Rosa WLDO, da Silva AF, Vitti RP, Zanchi CH, Cava SDS. Experimental resin-based dual-cured calcium aluminate and calcium titanate materials for vital pulp therapy. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e037. [PMID: 35293502 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper evaluates the physicochemical and biological properties of experimental resin-based dual-cured calcium aluminate (CA) and calcium titanate (CTi) materials for vital pulp therapy (VPT). The experimental dual-cured materials were obtained as two pastes: a) Bis-EMA 10, PEG 400, DHEPT, EDAB, camphorquinone, and butylated hydroxytoluene; and b) fluoride ytterbium, Bis-EMA 10, Bis-EMA 30, benzoyl peroxide, and butylated hydroxytoluene. The materials were divided into six groups based on the added calcium component: MTA (MTA®, Angelus); CLQ (Clinker-Fillapex®, Angelus); CA (calcined at ,1200°C in pastes a and b); CA800 (calcined at 800°C in paste a); CA1200 (calcined at 1,200°C in paste a); and CTi (paste a). The real-time degree of conversion and rate of polymerization (n = 3), diametral tensile strength (n = 10), hydrogen potential (n = 15), calcium ion release (n = 10), water sorption and solubility (n = 10), and cell viability (n = 6) were evaluated. One- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used in the analysis of the parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple tests were used to analyze the nonparametric data (α = 0.05). CLQ, CA800 and CA1200 had the highest diametral tensile strength. The water solubility of MTA was similar to that of CA800, CA1200 and CTi. CA800 and CA1200 resulted in cell viabilities similar to those of MTA and CLQ. The experimental dual-cured CA-based material that calcined at 800°C showed physicochemical and biological properties suitable for VPT, and similar to those of MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evandro Piva
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPes, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Fernandes da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPes, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pino Vitti
- School of Dentistry, Herminio Ometto University Center, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Henrique Zanchi
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPes, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sergio da Silva Cava
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPes, Materials Engineering Graduate Program, Advanced Crystal Growth and Photonics, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
Dental implants are frequently used to support fixed or removable dental prostheses to replace missing teeth. The clinical success of titanium dental implants is owed to the exceptional biocompatibility and osseointegration with the bone. Therefore, the enhanced therapeutic effectiveness of dental implants had always been preferred. Several concepts for implant coating and local drug delivery had been developed during the last decades. A drug is generally released by diffusion-controlled, solvent-controlled, and chemical controlled methods. Although a range of surface modifications and coatings (antimicrobial, bioactive, therapeutic drugs) have been explored for dental implants, it is still a long way from designing sophisticated therapeutic implant surfaces to achieve the specific needs of dental patients. The present article reviews various interdisciplinary aspects of surface coatings on dental implants from the perspectives of biomaterials, coatings, drug release, and related therapeutic effects. Additionally, the various types of implant coatings, localized drug release from coatings, and how released agents influence the bone–implant surface interface characteristics are discussed. This paper also highlights several strategies for local drug delivery and their limitations in dental implant coatings as some of these concepts are yet to be applied in clinical settings due to the specific requirements of individual patients.
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