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Barcena AJR, Ravi P, Kundu S, Tappa K. Emerging Biomedical and Clinical Applications of 3D-Printed Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Devices and Delivery Systems. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:705. [PMID: 39061787 PMCID: PMC11273440 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is widely used in the field of medicine due to its biocompatibility, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Three-dimensional (3D) printing or the systematic deposition of PLA in layers has enabled the fabrication of customized scaffolds for various biomedical and clinical applications. In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 3D-printed PLA has been mostly used to generate bone tissue scaffolds, typically in combination with different polymers and ceramics. PLA's versatility has also allowed the development of drug-eluting constructs for the controlled release of various agents, such as antibiotics, antivirals, anti-hypertensives, chemotherapeutics, hormones, and vitamins. Additionally, 3D-printed PLA has recently been used to develop diagnostic electrodes, prostheses, orthoses, surgical instruments, and radiotherapy devices. PLA has provided a cost-effective, accessible, and safer means of improving patient care through surgical and dosimetry guides, as well as enhancing medical education through training models and simulators. Overall, the widespread use of 3D-printed PLA in biomedical and clinical settings is expected to persistently stimulate biomedical innovation and revolutionize patient care and healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan John R. Barcena
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Prashanth Ravi
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
| | - Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Delemeester M, Pawelec KM, Hix JML, Siegenthaler JR, Lissy M, Douek P, Houmeau A, Si-Mohamed S, Shapiro EM. Device Design and Diagnostic Imaging of Radiopaque 3D Printed Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582070. [PMID: 38464166 PMCID: PMC10925229 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
3D printed biomaterial implants are revolutionizing personalized medicine for tissue repair, especially in orthopedics. In this study, a radiopaque Bi 2 O 3 doped polycaprolactone ( PCL ) composite is developed and implemented to enable the use of diagnostic X-ray technologies, especially photon counting X-ray computed tomography ( PCCT ), for comprehensive in vivo device monitoring. PCL filament with homogeneous Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticle ( NP ) dispersion (0.8 to 11.7 wt%) are first fabricated. Tissue engineered scaffolds ( TES ) are then 3D printed with the composite filament, optimizing printing parameters for small feature size and severely overhung geometries. These composite TES are characterized via micro-computed tomography ( µ CT ), tensile testing, and a cytocompatibility study, with Bi 2 O 3 mass fractions as low as 2 wt% providing excellent radiographic distinguishability, improved tensile properties, and equivalent cytocompatibility of neat PCL. The excellent radiographic distinguishability is validated in situ by imaging 4 and 7 wt% TES in a mouse model with µCT, showing excellent agreement with in vitro measurements. Subsequently, CT image-derived swine menisci are 3D printed with composite filament and re-implanted in their corresponding swine legs ex vivo . Re-imaging the swine legs via clinical CT allows facile identification of device location and alignment. Finally, the emergent technology of PCCT unambiguously distinguishes implanted menisci in situ.
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Okkalidis N, Bliznakova K, Kolev N. A filament 3D printing approach for CT-compatible bone tissues replication. Phys Med 2022; 102:96-102. [PMID: 36162230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is the development of a methodology for manufacturing 3D printed anthropomorphic structures, which mimic the X-ray properties of the human bone tissue. METHODS A mixing approach of two different materials is proposed for the fabrication of a radiologically equivalent hip bone for an anthropomorphic abdominal phantom. The materials employed for the phantom were polylactic acid (PLA) and Stonefil, while a custom-made dual motor filament extrusion setup and a custom-made software associating medical images directly with the 3D printing process were employed. RESULTS Three phantoms representing the hip bone were 3D printed utilizing two filaments under three different printing scenarios. The phantoms are based on a patient's abdominal CT scan images. Histograms of CT scans of the printed hip bone phantoms were calculated and compared to the original patient's hip bone histogram, demonstrating that a constant mixing composition of 30% Stonefil and 70% PLA with 0.0375 extrusion rate per voxel (93.75% flow for fulfilling a single voxel) for the cancellous bone, and using 100% Stonefil with 0.04 extrusion rate per voxel (100% flow) for the cortical bone results in a realistic anatomy replication of the hip bone. Reproduced HU varied between 700 and 800, which are close to those of the hip bone. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that it is possible to mix two different filaments in real-time during the printing process to obtain phantoms with realistic and radiographically bone tissue equivalent attenuation. The results will be explored for manufacturing a CT-compatible abdominal phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikiforos Okkalidis
- Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria; Morphé, Praxitelous 1, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Nikola Kolev
- Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria; First Clinic of Surgery in UMHAT "Saint Marina", Varna, Bulgaria
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Czyżewski W, Jachimczyk J, Hoffman Z, Szymoniuk M, Litak J, Maciejewski M, Kura K, Rola R, Torres K. Low-Cost Cranioplasty-A Systematic Review of 3D Printing in Medicine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:4731. [PMID: 35888198 PMCID: PMC9315853 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The high cost of biofabricated titanium mesh plates can make them out of reach for hospitals in low-income countries. To increase the availability of cranioplasty, the authors of this work investigated the production of polymer-based endoprostheses. Recently, cheap, popular desktop 3D printers have generated sufficient opportunities to provide patients with on-demand and on-site help. This study also examines the technologies of 3D printing, including SLM, SLS, FFF, DLP, and SLA. The authors focused their interest on the materials in fabrication, which include PLA, ABS, PET-G, PEEK, and PMMA. Three-dimensional printed prostheses are modeled using widely available CAD software with the help of patient-specific DICOM files. Even though the topic is insufficiently researched, it can be perceived as a relatively safe procedure with a minimal complication rate. There have also been some initial studies on the costs and legal regulations. Early case studies provide information on dozens of patients living with self-made prostheses and who are experiencing significant improvements in their quality of life. Budget 3D-printed endoprostheses are reliable and are reported to be significantly cheaper than the popular counterparts manufactured from polypropylene polyester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.C.); (K.T.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.K.); (R.R.)
| | - Jakub Jachimczyk
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zofia Hoffman
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.K.); (R.R.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejewski
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kura
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.K.); (R.R.)
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.K.); (R.R.)
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.C.); (K.T.)
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Morgenstern A, Thomas R, Sharma A, Weber M, Selyshchev O, Milekhin I, Dentel D, Gemming S, Tegenkamp C, Zahn DRT, Mehring M, Salvan G. Deposition of Nanosized Amino Acid Functionalized Bismuth Oxido Clusters on Gold Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111815. [PMID: 35683672 PMCID: PMC9182479 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth compounds are of growing interest with regard to potential applications in catalysis, medicine, and electronics, for which their environmentally benign nature is one of the key factors. One thing that currently hampers the further development of bismuth oxido-based materials, however, is the often low solubility of the precursors, which makes targeted immobilisation on substrates challenging. We present an approach towards the solubilisation of bismuth oxido clusters by introducing an amino carboxylate as a functional group. For this purpose, the bismuth oxido cluster [Bi38O45(NO3)20(dmso)28](NO3)4·4dmso (dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide) was reacted with the sodium salt of tert-butyloxycabonyl (Boc)-protected phenylalanine (L-Phe) to obtain the soluble and chiral nanocluster [Bi38O45(Boc–Phe–O)24(dmso)9]. The exchange of the nitrates by the amino carboxylates was proven by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The solubility of the bismuth oxido cluster in a protic as well as an aprotic polar organic solvent and the growth mode of the clusters upon spin, dip, and drop coating on gold surfaces were studied by a variety of microscopy, as well as spectroscopic techniques. In all cases, the bismuth oxido clusters form crystalline agglomerations with size, height, and distribution on the substrate that can be controlled by the choice of the solvent and of the deposition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Morgenstern
- Semiconductor Physics, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.M.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (I.M.); (D.R.T.Z.)
| | - Rico Thomas
- Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (R.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Apoorva Sharma
- Semiconductor Physics, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.M.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (I.M.); (D.R.T.Z.)
| | - Marcus Weber
- Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (R.T.); (M.W.)
- Center of Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Oleksandr Selyshchev
- Semiconductor Physics, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.M.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (I.M.); (D.R.T.Z.)
| | - Ilya Milekhin
- Semiconductor Physics, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.M.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (I.M.); (D.R.T.Z.)
| | - Doreen Dentel
- Solid Surface Analysis, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (D.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Sibylle Gemming
- Center of Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany;
- Theoretical Physics of Quantum Mechanical Processes and Systems, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christoph Tegenkamp
- Solid Surface Analysis, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (D.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Dietrich R. T. Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.M.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (I.M.); (D.R.T.Z.)
- Center of Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Michael Mehring
- Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (R.T.); (M.W.)
- Center of Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Georgeta Salvan
- Semiconductor Physics, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.M.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (I.M.); (D.R.T.Z.)
- Center of Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.S.)
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3D printed polylactic acid - hemp fiber composites: Mechanical, thermal, and microcomputed tomography data. Data Brief 2021; 39:107534. [PMID: 34805464 PMCID: PMC8581495 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp fiber was used untreated and treated with sodium hydroxide or (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as an additive in polylactic acid (PLA) for fused filament fabrication (FFF) of tensile test specimens. Composites granules were produced by solvent processing with 10 wt. % of hemp fiber to use as feedstock for the extrusion of filaments compatible with commercial FFF printers. The dataset shows the thermal properties of the various composites, which were used to determine the appropriate temperatures required for extrusion of filaments and FFF printer settings. Microcomputed tomography imaging was performed and tensile mechanical properties of FFF-printed tensile test specimens were determined as a function of hemp fiber surface treatment. The data provides an assessment of the use of minimally processed hemp fiber as a filler or mechanical enhancer of thermoplastic materials for additive manufacturing.
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Computed Tomography as a Characterization Tool for Engineered Scaffolds with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226763. [PMID: 34832165 PMCID: PMC8619049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing field of materials with applications in the biomedical field holds great promise regarding the design and fabrication of devices with specific characteristics, especially scaffolds with personalized geometry and architecture. The continuous technological development pushes the limits of innovation in obtaining adequate scaffolds and establishing their characteristics and performance. To this end, computed tomography (CT) proved to be a reliable, nondestructive, high-performance machine, enabling visualization and structure analysis at submicronic resolutions. CT allows both qualitative and quantitative data of the 3D model, offering an overall image of its specific architectural features and reliable numerical data for rigorous analyses. The precise engineering of scaffolds consists in the fabrication of objects with well-defined morphometric parameters (e.g., shape, porosity, wall thickness) and in their performance validation through thorough control over their behavior (in situ visualization, degradation, new tissue formation, wear, etc.). This review is focused on the use of CT in biomaterial science with the aim of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the scaffolds’ features and monitoring their behavior following in vivo or in vitro experiments. Furthermore, the paper presents the benefits and limitations regarding the employment of this technique when engineering materials with applications in the biomedical field.
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