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Xie C, Wang B, Qi X, Bao L, Zhai J, Xu X, Zhang C, Yu H. Investigation of Anticancer Therapy Using pH-Sensitive Carbon Dots-Functionalized Doxorubicin in Cubosomes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1958-1967. [PMID: 38363649 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains a highly lethal disease due to its elusive early detection, rapid spread, and significant side effects. Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising platform for drug delivery, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. In particular, carbon dots (CDs), a type of fluorescent nanomaterial, offer excellent fluorescence properties and the ability to carry multiple drugs simultaneously through covalent bonding. In this work, CDs with carbonyl groups on the surface were prepared by aldol condensation and reacted with amine groups in the structure of doxorubicin (DOX) through Schiff base reaction to generate pH-responsive CDs-DOX. On the other hand, cubosomes with three-dimensional lattice structures formed by lipid bilayers have advantageous capabilities of encapsulating various hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and hydrophobic substances. The pH-responsive CDs-DOX are subsequently loaded into cubosomes to form an anticancer therapeutic nanosystem, CDs-DOX@cubosome. Leveraging the unique properties of CDs-DOX and cubosomes, our CDs-DOX@cubosome can enter tumor tissue through the enhanced permeation and retention effect first and conduct membrane fusion with tumor cells to intracellularly release CDs-DOX. Then, the imine bond in CDs-DOX breaks under acidic conditions within human cancer cell lines (HeLa and HepG-2 cells), releasing DOX and achieving enhanced treatment of tumors. Additionally, fluorescent CDs can synchronously achieve real-time in situ diagnosis of tumor tissue. We demonstrate that our CDs-DOX@cubosome works as an excellent drug delivery system with therapeutic efficiency enhancement to the tumor and reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 451100, China
| | - Binke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xinyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lei Bao
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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The Application of Carbon Nanomaterials in Sensing, Imaging, Drug Delivery and Therapy for Gynecologic Cancers: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144465. [PMID: 35889338 PMCID: PMC9324069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are one of the main health concerns of women throughout the world, and the early diagnosis and effective therapy of gynecologic cancers will be particularly important for the survival of female patients. As a current hotspot, carbon nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest in tumor theranostics, and their application in gynecologic cancers has also been developed rapidly with great achievements in recent years. This Overview Article summarizes the latest progress in the application of diverse carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphenes, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, carbon dots, etc.) and their derivatives in the sensing, imaging, drug delivery, and therapy of different gynecologic cancers. Important research contributions are highlighted in terms of the relationships among the fabrication strategies, architectural features, and action mechanisms for the diagnosis and therapy of gynecologic cancers. The current challenges and future strategies are discussed from the viewpoint of the real clinical application of carbon-based nanomedicines in gynecologic cancers. It is anticipated that this review will attract more attention toward the development and application of carbon nanomaterials for the theranostics of gynecologic cancers.
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