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Mazahir F, Alam MI, Yadav AK. Development of nanomedicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Raison d'être, strategies, challenges and regulatory aspects. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102318. [PMID: 38705362 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory. Presently, AD is challenging to treat with current drug therapy as their delivery to the brain is restricted by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Nanomedicines, due to their size, high surface volume ratio, and ease of tailoring drug release characteristics, showed their potential to treat AD. The nanotechnology-based formulations for brain targeting are expected to enter the market in the near future. So, regulatory frameworks are required to ensure the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the nanomedicines to treat AD. In this review, we discuss different strategies, in-vitro blood-brain permeation models, in-vivo permeation assessment, and regulatory aspects for the development of nanomedicine to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Md Imtiyaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
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Mihailova L, Shalabalija D, Zimmer A, Geskovski N, Makreski P, Petrushevska M, Simonoska Crcarevska M, Glavas Dodov M. Comparative Studies of the Uptake and Internalization Pathways of Different Lipid Nano-Systems Intended for Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2082. [PMID: 37631296 PMCID: PMC10458318 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nano-systems were prepared and characterized in a series of well-established in vitro tests that could assess their interactions with the hCMEC/D3 and SH-SY5Y cell lines as a model for the blood-brain barrier and neuronal function, accordingly. The prepared formulations of nanoliposomes and nanostructured lipid carriers were characterized by z-average diameters of ~120 nm and ~105 nm, respectively, following a unimodal particle size distribution (PDI < 0.3) and negative Z-potential (-24.30 mV to -31.20 mV). Stability studies implied that the nano-systems were stable in a physiologically relevant medium as well as human plasma, except nanoliposomes containing poloxamer on their surface, where there was an increase in particle size of ~26%. The presence of stealth polymer tends to decrease the amount of adsorbed proteins onto a particle's surface, according to protein adsorption studies. Both formulations of nanoliposomes were characterized by a low cytotoxicity, while their cell viability was reduced when incubated with the highest concentration (100 μg/mL) of nanostructured lipid formulations, which could have been associated with the consumption of cellular energy, thus resulting in a reduction in metabolic active cells. The uptake of all the nano-systems in the hCMEC/D3 and SH-SY5Y cell lines was successful, most likely following ATP-dependent internalization, as well as transport via passive diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Mihailova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (L.M.); (D.S.); (N.G.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Dushko Shalabalija
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (L.M.); (D.S.); (N.G.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitatplatz 1/EG, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nikola Geskovski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (L.M.); (D.S.); (N.G.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Petre Makreski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Marija Petrushevska
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 50 Divizija 6, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Maja Simonoska Crcarevska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (L.M.); (D.S.); (N.G.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (L.M.); (D.S.); (N.G.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.D.)
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Tasevska T, Glavas Dodov M, Shalabalija D, Mihailova L, Polenakovic R, Simonoska Crcarevska M. Spray-dried snail mucus as raw material with potential for chronic wound treatment. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Tasevska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, R. North Macedonia
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, R. North Macedonia
| | - Dushko Shalabalija
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, R. North Macedonia
| | - Ljubica Mihailova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, R. North Macedonia
| | - Radmil Polenakovic
- Institute for production engineering and management, Faculty of Mechanical engineering, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje, Rudger Boshkovikj 18, 1000 Skopje, R. North Macedonia
| | - Maja Simonoska Crcarevska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, R. North Macedonia
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