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Fujii Y, Nakatani T, Ousaka D, Oozawa S, Sasai Y, Kasahara S. Development of Antimicrobial Surfaces Using Diamond-like Carbon or Diamond-like Carbon-Based Coatings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8593. [PMID: 39201280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The medical device market is a high-growth sector expected to sustain an annual growth rate of over 5%, even in developed countries. Daily, numerous patients have medical devices implanted or inserted within their bodies. While medical devices have significantly improved patient outcomes, as foreign objects, their wider use can lead to an increase in device-related infections, thereby imposing a burden on healthcare systems. Multiple materials with significant societal impact have evolved over time: the 19th century was the age of iron, the 20th century was dominated by silicon, and the 21st century is often referred to as the era of carbon. In particular, the development of nanocarbon materials and their potential applications in medicine are being explored, although the scope of these applications remains limited. Technological innovations in carbon materials are remarkable, and their application in medicine is expected to advance greatly. For example, diamond-like carbon (DLC) has garnered considerable attention for the development of antimicrobial surfaces. Both DLC itself and its derivatives have been reported to exhibit anti-microbial properties. This review discusses the current state of DLC-based antimicrobial surface development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Fujii
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Nakatani
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Daiki Ousaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Susumu Oozawa
- Division of Medical Safety Management, Safety Management Facility, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sasai
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, Kani 509-0293, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Kuwada N, Fujii Y, Nakatani T, Ousaka D, Tsuji T, Imai Y, Kobayashi Y, Oozawa S, Kasahara S, Tanemoto K. Diamond-like carbon coating to inner surface of polyurethane tube reduces Staphylococcus aureus bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. J Artif Organs 2024; 27:108-116. [PMID: 37227545 PMCID: PMC11126441 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-023-01403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative bacteria for polyurethane catheter and artificial graft infection. Recently, we developed a unique technique for coating diamond-like carbon (DLC) inside the luminal resin structure of polyurethane tubes. This study aimed to elucidate the infection-preventing effects of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on a polyurethane surface against S. aureus. We applied DLC to polyurethane tubes and rolled polyurethane sheets with our newly developed DLC coating technique for resin tubes. The DLC-coated and uncoated polyurethane surfaces were tested in smoothness, hydrophilicity, zeta-potential, and anti-bacterial properties against S. aureus (biofilm formation and bacterial attachment) by contact with bacterial fluids under static and flow conditions. The DLC-coated polyurethane surface was significantly smoother, more hydrophilic, and had a more negative zeta-potential than did the uncoated polyurethane surface. Upon exposure to bacterial fluid under both static and flow conditions, DLC-coated polyurethane exhibited significantly less biofilm formation than uncoated polyurethane, based on absorbance measurements. In addition, the adherence of S. aureus was significantly lower for DLC-coated polyurethane than for uncoated polyurethane under both conditions, based on scanning electron microscopy. These results show that applying DLC coating to the luminal resin of polyurethane tubes may impart antimicrobial effects against S. aureus to implantable medical polyurethane devices, such as vascular grafts and central venous catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Kuwada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujii
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Tatsuyuki Nakatani
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daiki Ousaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Tsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuichi Imai
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Susumu Oozawa
- Division of Medical Safety Management, Safety Management Facility, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
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Birkett M, Zia AW, Devarajan DK, Panayiotidis MI, Joyce TJ, Tambuwala MM, Serrano-Aroca A. Multi-functional bioactive silver- and copper-doped diamond-like carbon coatings for medical implants. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00363-X. [PMID: 37392935 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings doped with bioactive elements of silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) have been receiving increasing attention in the last decade, particularly in the last 5 years, due to their potential to offer a combination of enhanced antimicrobial and mechanical performance. These multi-functional bioactive DLC coatings offer great potential to impart the next generation of load-bearing medical implants with improved wear resistance and strong potency against microbial infections. This review begins with an overview of the status and issues with current total joint implant materials and the state-of-the art in DLC coatings and their application to medical implants. A detailed discussion of recent advances in wear resistant bioactive DLC coatings is then presented with a focus on doping the DLC matrix with controlled quantities of Ag and Cu elements. It is shown that both Ag and Cu doping can impart strong antimicrobial potency against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but this is always accompanied so far by a reduction in mechanical performance of the DLC coating matrix. The article concludes with discussion of potential synthesis methods to accurately control bioactive element doping without jeopardising mechanical properties and gives an outlook to the potential long-term impact of developing a superior multifunctional bioactive DLC coating on implant device performance and patient health and wellbeing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multi-functional diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings doped with bioactive elements of silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) offer great potential to impart the next generation of load-bearing medical implants with improved wear resistance and strong potency against microbial infections. This article provides a critical review of the state-of-the-art in Ag and Cu doped DLC coatings, beginning with an overview of the current applications of DLC coatings in implant technology followed by a detailed discussion of Ag/Cu doped DLC coatings with particular focus on the relationship between their mechanical and antimicrobial performance. Finally, it ends with a discussion on the potential long-term impact of developing a truly multifunctional ultra-hard wearing bioactive DLC coating to extend the lifetime of total joint implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Birkett
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Abdul Wasy Zia
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Dinesh Kumar Devarajan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, India
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Thomas J Joyce
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Angel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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