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Ramesh S, Selvakumar P, Ameer MY, Lian S, Abdullah Alzarooni AIM, Ojha S, Mishra A, Tiwari A, Kaushik A, Jung YD, Chouaib S, Lakshmanan VK. State-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for targeting cancer stem cells in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1059441. [PMID: 36969009 PMCID: PMC10035756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1059441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic strategies is on the increase for prostate cancer stem cells, owing to current standardized therapies for prostate cancer, including chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiotherapy, and surgery, often failing because of tumor relapse ability. Ultimately, tumor relapse develops into advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which becomes an irreversible and systemic disease. Hence, early identification of the intracellular components and molecular networks that promote prostate cancer is crucial for disease management and therapeutic intervention. One of the potential therapeutic methods for aggressive prostate cancer is to target prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which appear to be a primary focal point of cancer metastasis and recurrence and are resistant to standardized therapies. PCSCs have also been documented to play a major role in regulating tumorigenesis, sphere formation, and the metastasis ability of prostate cancer with their stemness features. Therefore, the current review highlights the origin and identification of PCSCs and their role in anti-androgen resistance, as well as stemness-related signaling pathways. In addition, the review focuses on the current advanced therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs that are helping to prevent prostate cancer initiation and progression, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), nanotechnology, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing system, and photothermal ablation (PTA) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Ramesh
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Preethi Selvakumar
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Yazeer Ameer
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan,
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Giridharan M, Rupani V, Banerjee S. Signaling Pathways and Targeted Therapies for Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:193-206. [PMID: 35434534 PMCID: PMC9003388 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers among men, and the current statistics show that it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Over the years, research in PCa treatment and therapies has made many advances. Despite these efforts, the standardized therapies such as radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery are not considered completely effective in treating advanced and metastatic PCa. In most situations, fast-dividing tumor cells are targeted, leaving behind relatively slowly dividing, chemoresistant cells known as cancer stem cells. Therefore, following the seemingly successful treatments, the lingering quiescent cancer stem cells are able to renew themselves, undergo differentiation into mature tumor cells, and sufficiently reinitiate the disease, leading to cancer relapse. Thus, prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) have been reported to play a vital role in controlling the dynamics of tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapies in PCa. However, the complete knowledge on the mechanisms regulating the stemness of PCSCs is still unclear. Thus, studying the stemness of PCSCs will allow for the development of more effective cancer therapies due to the durable response, resulting in a reduction in recurrences of cancer. In this Review, we will specifically describe the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating the stemness of PCSCs. Furthermore, current developments in stem cell-specific therapeutic approaches along with future prospects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuvanthi Giridharan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasu Rupani
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sun W, Li M, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Zhan Q, Ren Y, Dong H, Chen J, Li Z, Fan C, Huang F, Shen Z, Jiang Z. Total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae ameliorates bone formation and mineralization in BMP-Smad signaling pathway induced large tibial defect rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111480. [PMID: 33774316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis and angiogenesis acts as an essential role in repairing large tibial defects (LTDs). Total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae (TFRD), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is reported to show anabolic effects on fracture healing. However, whether TFRD could improve the bone formation and angiogenesis in LTDs remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TFRD on bone formation and angiogenesis in LTDs in distraction osteogenesis (DO). Using a previously established fracture model, LTD rats was established with circular external fixator (CEF). All rats then randomly divided into TFRD low dosage group (with DO), TFRD medium dosage group (with DO), TFRD high dosage group (with DO), model group (with DO) and blank group (without DO). Twelve weeks after treatment, according to X-ray and Micro-CT, TFRD groups (especially in medium dosage group) can significantly promote the formation of a large number of epiphyses and improve new bone mineralization compared with model group, and the results of HE and Masson staining and in vitro ALP level of BMSC also demonstrated the formation of bone matrix and mineralization in the TFRD groups. Also, angiographic imaging suggested that total flavonoids of TFRD was able to promote angiogenesis in the defect area. Consistently, TFRD significantly increased the levels of BMP-2, SMAD1, SMAD4, RUNX-2, OSX and VEGF in LTD rats based on ELISA and Real-Time PCR. In addition, we found that ALP activity of TFRD medium dosage group reached a peak after 10 days of induction through BMSC cell culture in vitro experiment. TFRD promoted bone formation in LTD through activation of BMP-Smad signaling pathway, which provides a promising new strategy for repairing bone defects in DO surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Sun
- First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minying Li
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qunzhang Zhan
- First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yueyi Ren
- First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiena Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zige Li
- First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun Fan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming Municipal, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Liu Q, Li M, Wang S, Xiao Z, Xiong Y, Wang G. Recent Advances of Osterix Transcription Factor in Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:601224. [PMID: 33384998 PMCID: PMC7769847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.601224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing life expectations, more and more patients suffer from fractures either induced by intensive sports or other bone-related diseases. The balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is the basis for maintaining bone health. Osterix (Osx) has long been known to be an essential transcription factor for the osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. Emerging evidence suggests that Osx not only plays an important role in intramembranous bone formation, but also affects endochondral ossification by participating in the terminal cartilage differentiation. Given its essentiality in skeletal development and bone formation, Osx has become a new research hotspot in recent years. In this review, we focus on the progress of Osx's function and its regulation in osteoblast differentiation and bone mass. And the potential role of Osx in developing new therapeutic strategies for osteolytic diseases was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Neuroendocrine Diseases, College of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Mao Li
- Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Neuroendocrine Diseases, College of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Neuroendocrine Diseases, College of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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