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Gabel L, Liphardt AM, Hulme PA, Heer M, Zwart SR, Sibonga JD, Smith SM, Boyd SK. Incomplete recovery of bone strength and trabecular microarchitecture at the distal tibia 1 year after return from long duration spaceflight. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9446. [PMID: 35773442 PMCID: PMC9247070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the extent of bone recovery after prolonged spaceflight is important for understanding risks to astronaut long-term skeletal health. We examined bone strength, density, and microarchitecture in seventeen astronauts (14 males; mean 47 years) using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT; 61 μm). We imaged the tibia and radius before spaceflight, at return to Earth, and after 6- and 12-months recovery and assessed biomarkers of bone turnover and exercise. Twelve months after flight, group median tibia bone strength (F.Load), total, cortical, and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone volume fraction and thickness remained − 0.9% to − 2.1% reduced compared with pre-flight (p ≤ 0.001). Astronauts on longer missions (> 6-months) had poorer bone recovery. For example, F.Load recovered by 12-months post-flight in astronauts on shorter (< 6-months; − 0.4% median deficit) but not longer (− 3.9%) missions. Similar disparities were noted for total, trabecular, and cortical BMD. Altogether, nine of 17 astronauts did not fully recover tibia total BMD after 12-months. Astronauts with incomplete recovery had higher biomarkers of bone turnover compared with astronauts whose bone recovered. Study findings suggest incomplete recovery of bone strength, density, and trabecular microarchitecture at the weight-bearing tibia, commensurate with a decade or more of terrestrial age-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Gabel
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Anna-Maria Liphardt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, German Centre for Immune Therapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul A Hulme
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Martina Heer
- IU International University of Applied Sciences Erfurt and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara R Zwart
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jean D Sibonga
- Human Heath and Performance Directorate, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- Human Heath and Performance Directorate, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, USA
| | - Steven K Boyd
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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