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Wang Y, Di Y, Li Y, Lu J, Ji B, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Chen S, Liu B, Tang R. Role of sphingolipid metabolism signaling in a novel mouse model of renal osteodystrophy based on transcriptomic approach. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01181. [PMID: 39149978 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a skeletal pathology associated with chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) that is characterized by aberrant bone mineralization and remodeling. ROD increases the risk of fracture and mortality in CKD patients. The underlying mechanisms of ROD remain elusive, partially due to the absence of an appropriate animal model. To address this gap, we established a stable mouse model of ROD using an optimized adenine-enriched diet and conducted exploratory analyses through ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq). METHODS Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (n = 5), adenine and high-phosphate (HP) diet group (n = 20), and the optimized adenine-containing diet group (n = 20) for 12 weeks. We assessed the skeletal characteristics of model mice through blood biochemistry, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and bone histomorphometry. RNA-seq was utilized to profile gene expression changes of ROD. We elucidated the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). DEGs were validated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS By the fifth week, adenine followed by an HP diet induced rapid weight loss and high mortality rates in the mouse group, precluding further model development. Mice with optimized adenine diet-induced ROD displayed significant abnormalities in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, accompanied by pronounced hyperparathyroidism and hyperphosphatemia. The femur bone mineral density (BMD) of the model mice was lower than that of control mice, with substantial bone loss and cortical porosity. ROD mice exhibited substantial bone turnover with an increase in osteoblast and osteoclast markers. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 1907 genes with upregulated expression and 723 genes with downregulated expression in the femurs of ROD mice relative to those of control mice. Pathway analyses indicated significant enrichment of upregulated genes in the sphingolipid metabolism pathway. The significant upregulation of alkaline ceramidase 1 (Acer1), alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2), prosaposin-like 1 (Psapl1), adenosine A1 receptor (Adora1), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1pr5) were successfully validated in mouse femurs by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Optimized adenine diet mouse model may be a valuable proxy for studying ROD. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the sphingolipid metabolism pathway is likely a key player in ROD pathogenesis, thereby providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Yan Di
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Bofan Ji
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Bicheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Rining Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
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Shen J, Liu YP, Wang Q, Chen H, Hu Y, Guo X, Liu X, Li Y. Integrated network pharmacology, transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis to reveal the mechanism of salt Eucommia cortex in the treatment of chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorders via the PPARG/AMPK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116590. [PMID: 37207881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The skeletal complications associated with chronic kidney diseases from stages 3-5 in individuals are called Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD), which increases the incidence of cardiovascular diseases drastically and affects the quality of life of patients seriously. Eucommia cortex has the effect of tonifying kidneys and strengthening bones, and salt Eucommia cortex is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines in the clinical treatment of CKD-MBD instead of Eucommia cortex. However, its mechanism still remains unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of salt Eucommia cortex on CKD-MBD by integrating network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CKD-MBD mice induced by 5/6 nephrectomy and low calcium/high phosphorus diet were treated with salt Eucommia cortex. The renal functions and bone injuries were evaluated by serum biochemical detection, histopathological analyses, and femur Micro-CT examinations. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the control group and model group, model group and high-dose Eucommia cortex group, model group and high-dose salt Eucommia cortex group were analyzed by transcriptomic analysis. The differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between the control group and model group, model group and high-dose Eucommia cortex group, model group and high-dose salt Eucommia cortex group were analyzed by metabolomics analysis.The common targets and pathways were obtained by integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics and network pharmacology, which were identified and verified by in vivo experiments. RESULTS The negative impacts on the renal functions and bone injuries were alleviated with salt Eucommia cortex treatment effectively. Compared with CKD-MBD model mice, the levels of serum BUN, Ca and urine Upr were significantly decreased in the salt Eucommia cortex group. And the Integrated network pharmacology, transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that Peroxisome Proliferative Activated Receptor, Gamma (PPARG) was the only common target, mainly involved by AMPK signaling pathways. The activation of PPARG in the kidney tissue was significantly decreased in CKD-MBD mice but increased in the salt Eucommia cortex treatment. The AMPK signaling pathway were verified that AMPK expression levels were decreased in CKD-MBD mice but increased in the salt Eucommia cortex treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study presented that salt Eucommia cortex alleviated the negative impact of CKD-MBD on the renal injury and bone injury of mice induced by 5/6 nephrectomy with the low calcium/high phosphorus diet effectively, which is highly likely achieved through the PPARG/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chendu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China
| | - You-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chendu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China
| | - Hongping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chendu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chendu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China
| | - Xia Liu
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China
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Mouse Models of Mineral Bone Disorders Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065325. [PMID: 36982400 PMCID: PMC10048881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) inevitably develop mineral and bone disorders (CKD–MBD), which negatively impact their survival and quality of life. For a better understanding of underlying pathophysiology and identification of novel therapeutic approaches, mouse models are essential. CKD can be induced by surgical reduction of a functional kidney mass, by nephrotoxic compounds and by genetic engineering specifically interfering with kidney development. These models develop a large range of bone diseases, recapitulating different types of human CKD–MBD and associated sequelae, including vascular calcifications. Bones are usually studied by quantitative histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and micro-CT, but alternative strategies have emerged, such as longitudinal in vivo osteoblast activity quantification by tracer scintigraphy. The results gained from the CKD–MBD mouse models are consistent with clinical observations and have provided significant knowledge on specific pathomechanisms, bone properties and potential novel therapeutic strategies. This review discusses available mouse models to study bone disease in CKD.
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Bernardor J, De Mul A, Bacchetta J, Schmitt CP. Impact of Cinacalcet and Etelcalcetide on Bone Mineral and Cardiovascular Disease in Dialysis Patients. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:193-204. [PMID: 36848027 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES OF REVIEW With chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) and mineral and bone metabolism disease (MBD) almost inevitably develop and result in renal osteodystrophy and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Together with active vitamin D, calcimimetics are the main therapy for sHPT in CKD. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic effects of oral cinacalcet and intravenous etelcalcetide on CKD-MBD and vascular disease, with a focus on pediatric dialysis patients. RECENT FINDINGS Randomized controlled trials in adults and children demonstrate efficient lowering of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the calcimimetics together with a reduction in serum calcium and phosphate when combined with low-dose active vitamin D, while therapy with active vitamin D analogs alone increases serum calcium and phosphate. Cinacalcet and etelcalcetide both improve bone formation and correct adynamic bone, i.e., have a direct bone anabolic effect. They decrease serum calciprotein particles, which are involved in endothelial dysfunction, atherogenesis, and vascular calcification. Clinical trials in adults suggest a modest slowing of the progression of cardiovascular calcification with cinacalcet. Calcimimetic agents represent a major pharmacological tool for improved control of CKD-MBD, by efficiently counteracting sHPT and allowing for better control of calcium/phosphate and bone homeostasis. Albeit definite evidence is lacking, the beneficial effects of calcimimetics on CVD are promising. Routine use of cinacalcet has been suggested in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bernardor
- UMR 1033, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France.
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Filière Maladies Rares OSCAR, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rénales Rares, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Filières Maladies Rares ORKID Et ERK-Net, Bron, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
- Unité d'hémodialyse Pédiatrique, CHU de Nice, Archet 2, 06202, Nice, France.
| | - Aurélie De Mul
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Filière Maladies Rares OSCAR, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rénales Rares, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Filières Maladies Rares ORKID Et ERK-Net, Bron, France
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- UMR 1033, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Filière Maladies Rares OSCAR, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rénales Rares, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Filières Maladies Rares ORKID Et ERK-Net, Bron, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Hou YC, Zheng CM, Chiu HW, Liu WC, Lu KC, Lu CL. Role of Calcimimetics in Treating Bone and Mineral Disorders Related to Chronic Kidney Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:952. [PMID: 36015101 PMCID: PMC9415417 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal osteodystrophy is common in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease and leads to the risks of fracture and extraosseous vascular calcification. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is characterized by a compensatory increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in response to decreased renal phosphate excretion, resulting in potentiating bone resorption and decreased bone quantity and quality. Calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) are group C G-proteins and negatively regulate the parathyroid glands through (1) increasing CaSR insertion within the plasma membrane, (2) increasing 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 within the kidney and parathyroid glands, (3) inhibiting fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in osteocytes, and (4) attenuating intestinal calcium absorption through Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid subfamily member 6 (TRPV6). Calcimimetics (CaMs) decrease PTH concentrations without elevating the serum calcium levels or extraosseous calcification through direct interaction with cell membrane CaSRs. CaMs reduce osteoclast activity by reducing stress-induced oxidative autophagy and improving Wnt-10b release, which promotes the growth of osteoblasts and subsequent mineralization. CaMs also directly promote osteoblast proliferation and survival. Consequently, bone quality may improve due to decreased bone resorption and improved bone formation. CaMs modulate cardiovascular fibrosis, calcification, and renal fibrosis through different mechanisms. Therefore, CaMs assist in treating SHPT. This narrative review focuses on the role of CaMs in renal osteodystrophy, including their mechanisms and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Centre of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- TMU Research Centre of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation, Anti Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
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Yang P, Zhang T, Zhu R, Shen Y, Pan Y, Zhang Y. Protective effect of zinc supplementation on tricalcium phosphate particles-induced inflammatory osteolysis in mice. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3608-3617. [PMID: 35876446 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element, can stimulate bone formation and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, which controls the growth and maintenance of bone. However, the effect of Zn supplementation on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wear particles-induced osteolysis remains unknown. Here, we doped Zn into TCP particles (ZnTCP), and explore the protective effects of Zn on TCP particles-induced osteolysis in vivo. TCP particles and ZnTCP particles were embedded under the periosteum around the middle suture of the mouse calvaria. After 2 weeks, blood, the periosteal tissue, and the calvaria were collected to determine serum levels of Zn and osteocalcin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, bone biochemical markers, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption area, and to explain its mechanism. Data revealed that Zn significantly prevented TCP particles-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss, and increased bone turnover. The Zn supplement remarkably suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Immunoblotting demonstrated that Zn alleviated expression levels of ER stress-related proteins such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), phospho-PERK (p-PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), phospho-eIF2α (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1-α) and transcription factor X-box binding protein spliced (XBP1s), leading to decreasing the ratios of p-PERK/PERK and p-eIF2α/eIF2α. Taken together, Zn supplementation strongly prevents TCP particles-induced periprosthetic osteolysis via inhibition of the ER stress pathway, and it may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of aseptic prosthesis loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirong Zhu
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Shen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefang Pan
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
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