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Puente N, Solis P, Riancho JA. Genetic causes of hypophosphatemia. Minerva Med 2024; 115:320-336. [PMID: 38727708 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.24.09198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate is a key component of mineralized tissues and is also part of many organic compounds. Phosphorus homeostasis depends especially upon intestinal absorption, and renal excretion, which are regulated by various hormones, such as PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor 23. In this review we provide an update of several genetic disorders that affect phosphate transporters through cell membranes or the phosphate-regulating hormones, and, consequently, result in hypophosphatemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Puente
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital U. M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Valdecilla Research Institute, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Solis
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital U. M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jose A Riancho
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital U. M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain -
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Valdecilla Research Institute, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Schinke T, Oheim R. Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH), a complex disorder in need of precision medicine. Kidney Int 2024; 105:927-929. [PMID: 38642991 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria is an autosomal recessive phosphate-wasting disorder, associated with kidney and skeletal pathologies, which is caused by pathogenic variants of SLC34A3. In this issue, Zhu et al. describe a pooled analysis of 304 individuals carrying SLC34A3 variants. Their study underscores the complexity of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria, as kidney and bone phenotypes generally do not coexist, heterozygous carriers of SLC34A3 variants also can be affected, and the response to oral phosphate supplementation is dependent on the genetic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Zhu Z, Bo-Ran Ho B, Chen A, Amrhein J, Apetrei A, Carpenter TO, Lazaretti-Castro M, Colazo JM, McCrystal Dahir K, Geßner M, Gurevich E, Heier CA, Simmons JH, Hunley TE, Hoppe B, Jacobsen C, Kouri A, Ma N, Majumdar S, Molin A, Nokoff N, Ott SM, Peña HG, Santos F, Tebben P, Topor LS, Deng Y, Bergwitz C. An update on clinical presentation and responses to therapy of patients with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH). Kidney Int 2024; 105:1058-1076. [PMID: 38364990 PMCID: PMC11106756 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in solute carrier family 34, member 3 (SLC34A3), the gene encoding the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter 2c (NPT2c), cause hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH). Here, we report a pooled analysis of clinical and laboratory records of 304 individuals from 145 kindreds, including 20 previously unreported HHRH kindreds, in which two novel SLC34A3 pathogenic variants were identified. Compound heterozygous/homozygous carriers show above 90% penetrance for kidney and bone phenotypes. The biochemical phenotype for heterozygous carriers is intermediate with decreased serum phosphate, tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP (%)), fibroblast growth factor 23, and intact parathyroid hormone, but increased serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, and urine calcium excretion causing idiopathic hypercalciuria in 38%, with bone phenotypes still observed in 23% of patients. Oral phosphate supplementation is the current standard of care, which typically normalizes serum phosphate. However, although in more than half of individuals this therapy achieves correction of hypophosphatemia it fails to resolve the other outcomes. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics score correlated with functional analysis of frequent SLC34A3 pathogenic variants in vitro and baseline disease severity. The number of mutant alleles and baseline TRP (%) were identified as predictors for kidney and bone phenotypes, baseline TRP (%) furthermore predicted response to therapy. Certain SLC34A3/NPT2c pathogenic variants can be identified with partial responses to therapy, whereas with some overlap, others present only with kidney phenotypes and a third group present only with bone phenotypes. Thus, our report highlights important novel clinical aspects of HHRH and heterozygous carriers, raises awareness to this rare group of disorders and can be a foundation for future studies urgently needed to guide therapy of HHRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewu Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bryan Bo-Ran Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alyssa Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Amrhein
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine Greenville Campus, University of South Carolina, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andreea Apetrei
- Caen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, UR7450 Biotargen, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, OSCAR Network, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Oliver Carpenter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan Manuel Colazo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathryn McCrystal Dahir
- Division of Endocrinology, Program for Metabolic Bone Disorders, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michaela Geßner
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Evgenia Gurevich
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Nephrology Institute, Petach Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Jill Hickman Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tracy Earl Hunley
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Jacobsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Kouri
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nina Ma
- Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sachin Majumdar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arnaud Molin
- Caen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, UR7450 Biotargen, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, OSCAR Network, Caen, France
| | - Natalie Nokoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M Ott
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helena Gil Peña
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Tebben
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa Swartz Topor
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Abebe L, Phung K, Robinson ME, Waldner R, Carsen S, Smit K, Tice A, Lazier J, Armour C, Page M, Dover S, Rauch F, Koujok K, Ward LM. Burosumab for the treatment of cutaneous-skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome. Bone Rep 2024; 20:101725. [PMID: 38229908 PMCID: PMC10790024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous-skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome (CSHS) is a rare bone disorder featuring fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23)-mediated hypophosphatemic rickets. We report a 2-year, 10-month-old girl with CSHS treated with burosumab, a novel human monoclonal antibody targeting FGF23. This approach was associated with rickets healing, improvement in growth and lower limb deformity, and clinically significant benefit to her functional mobility and motor development. This case report provides evidence for the effective use of FGF23-neutralizing antibody therapy beyond the classic FGF23-mediated disorders of X-linked hypophosphatemia and tumor-induced osteomalacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Abebe
- The Ottawa Pediatric Bone Health Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Kim Phung
- The Ottawa Pediatric Bone Health Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Richelle Waldner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Av, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sasha Carsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Kevin Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Andrew Tice
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Joanna Lazier
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Christine Armour
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marika Page
- The Ottawa Pediatric Bone Health Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Saunya Dover
- The Ottawa Pediatric Bone Health Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montréal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 805 rue Sherbrooke O, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Khaldoun Koujok
- The Ottawa Pediatric Bone Health Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Leanne M. Ward
- The Ottawa Pediatric Bone Health Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Dodamani MH, Memon SS, Karlekar M, Lila AR, Khan M, Sarathi V, Arya S, Jamale T, Thakare S, Patil VA, Shah NS, Bergwitz C, Bandgar TR. Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Hypercalciuria Presenting with Enthesopathy, Renal Cysts, and High Serum c-Terminal FGF23: Single-Center Experience and Systematic Review. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:137-146. [PMID: 37981601 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is a rare disorder of phosphate homeostasis. We describe a single-center experience of genetically proven HHRH families and perform systematic review phenotype-genotype correlation in reported biallelic probands and their monoallelic relatives. Detailed clinical, biochemical, radiological, and genetic data were retrieved from our center and a systematic review of Pub-Med and Embase databases for patients and relatives who were genetically proven. Total of nine subjects (probands:5) carrying biallelic SLC34A3 mutations (novel:2) from our center had a spectrum from rickets/osteomalacia to normal BMD, with hypophosphatemia and hypercalciuria in all. We describe the first case of genetically proven HHRH with enthesopathy. Elevated FGF23 in another patient with hypophosphatemia, iron deficiency anemia, and noncirrhotic periportal fibrosis led to initial misdiagnosis as tumoral osteomalacia. On systematic review of 58 probands (with biallelic SLC34A3 mutations; 35 males), early-onset HHRH and renal calcification were present in ~ 70% and late-onset HHRH in 10%. c.575C > T p.(Ser192Leu) variant occurred in 53% of probands without skeletal involvement. Among 110 relatives harboring monoallelic SLC34A3 mutation at median age 38 years, renal calcification, hypophosphatemia, high 1,25(OH)2D, and hypercalciuria were observed in ~30%, 22.3%, 40%, and 38.8%, respectively. Renal calcifications correlated with age but were similar across truncating and non-truncating variants. Although most relatives were asymptomatic for bone involvement, 6/12(50%) had low bone mineral density. We describe the first monocentric HHRH case series from India with varied phenotypes. In a systematic review, frequent renal calcifications and low BMD in relatives with monoallelic variants (HHRH trait) merit identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Havalappa Dodamani
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, OPD, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Saba Samad Memon
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, OPD, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India.
| | - Manjiri Karlekar
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, OPD, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Anurag Ranjan Lila
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, OPD, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Mustafa Khan
- Department of Endocrinology, Brown University, 375 Wampanoag Trail, Providence, RI, 02913, USA
- Section Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, Anlyan Center, Office S117, Lab S110, 1 Gilbert Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Vijaya Sarathi
- Department of Endocrinology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Arya
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, OPD, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Tukaram Jamale
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali Thakare
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Virendra A Patil
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, OPD, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Nalini S Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, OPD, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Section Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, Anlyan Center, Office S117, Lab S110, 1 Gilbert Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Tushar R Bandgar
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S Medical College & KEM Hospital, OPD, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
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Bartosik M, Simon A, Strahl A, Oheim R, Amling M, Schmidt FN. Comparison of Motion Grading in 1,000 Patients by First- and Second-Generation HR-pQCT: A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:597-608. [PMID: 37880520 PMCID: PMC10673987 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In-vivo bone microstructure measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is gaining importance in research and clinical practice. Second-generation HR-pQCT (XCT2) shows improved image quality and shorter measurement duration compared to the first generation (XCT1). Predicting and understanding the occurrence of motion artifacts is crucial for clinical practice. We retrospectively analyzed data from HR-pQCT measurements at the distal radius and tibia of 1,000 patients (aged 20 to 89) evenly distributed between both generations of HR-pQCT. Motion artifacts were graded between 1 (no motion) and 5 (severe motion), with grades greater 3 considered unusable. Additionally, baseline characteristics and patients' muscle performance and balance were measured. Various group comparisons between the two generations of HR-pQCT and regression analyses between patient characteristics and motion grading were performed. The study groups of XCT1 and XCT2 did not differ by age (XCT1: 64.9 vs. XCT2: 63.8 years, p = 0.136), sex (both 74.5% females, p > 0.999), or BMI (both 24.2 kg/m2, p = 0.911) after propensity score matching. XCT2 scans exhibited significantly lower motion grading in both extremities compared to XCT1 (Radius: p < 0.001; Tibia: p = 0.002). In XCT2 motion-corrupted scans were more than halved at the radius (XCT1: 35.3% vs. XCT2: 15.5%, p < 0.001), and at the tibia the frequency of best image quality scans was increased (XCT1: 50.2% vs. XCT2: 63.7%, p < 0.001). The strongest independent predictor for motion-corrupted images is the occurrence of high motion grading at the other scanning site during the same consultation. The association between high motion grading in one scan and a corresponding high motion grading in another scan within the same session suggests a non-resting patient. Additionally, aged, female, and patients with smaller stature tend towards higher motion grading, requiring special attention to a correct extremity fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Bartosik
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Simon
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Strahl
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Song Y, Zhao C, Li D. Research progress on renal calculus associate with inborn error of metabolism. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:169-177. [PMID: 37283101 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal calculus is a common disease with complex etiology and high recurrence rate. Recent studies have revealed that gene mutations may lead to metabolic defects which are associated with the formation of renal calculus, and single gene mutation is involved in relative high proportion of renal calculus. Gene mutations cause changes in enzyme function, metabolic pathway, ion transport, and receptor sensitivity, causing defects in oxalic acid metabolism, cystine metabolism, calcium ion metabolism, or purine metabolism, which may lead to the formation of renal calculus. The hereditary conditions associated with renal calculus include primary hyperoxaluria, cystinuria, Dent disease, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, Bartter syndrome, primary distal renal tubular acidosis, infant hypercalcemia, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, and hereditary xanthinuria. This article reviews the research progress on renal calculus associated with inborn error of metabolism, to provide reference for early screening, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and recurrence of renal calculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Song
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Changyong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Daobing Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China.
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