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Luo EE, Liu SN, Wang ZJ, Chen LY, Liang CQ, Yu MY, Qin XJ. Oligomeric phloroglucinols with hAChE inhibitory and antibacterial activities from tropic Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106836. [PMID: 37774436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's diseases (AD) and other infectious diseases caused by drug-resistance bacteria have posed a serious threat to human lives and global health. With the aim to search for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitors and antibacterial agents from medicinal plants, 16 phloroglucinol oligomers, including two new phloroglucinol monomers (1a and 1b), four new phloroglucinol dimers (3a, 3b, 4b, and 5a), six new phloroglucinol trimers (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, and 8b), and two naturally occurring phloroglucinol monomers (2a and 2b), along with two known congeners (4a and 5b), were purified from the leaves of tropic Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. The structures and absolute configurations of these new isolates were unequivocally established by comprehensive analyses of their spectroscopic data (NMR and HRESIMS), ECD calculation, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structurally, 3a/3b shared a rare C-5' formyl group, whereas 6a/6b possessed a unique C-7' aromatic ring. In addition, 7a/7b and 8a/8b were rare phloroglucinol trimers with a bis-furan and a C-6' hemiketal group. Pharmacologically, the mixture of 3a and 3b showed the most potent human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.21 ± 0.16 μM. The molecular docking studies of 3a and 3b in the hAChE binding sites were performed, displaying good agreement with the in vitro inhibitory effects. In addition, the mixture of 3a and 3b displayed the most significant anti-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) with MIC and MBC values of both 0.50 μg/mL, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies revealed that they could destroy the biofilm structures of MRSA. The findings provide potential candidates for the further development of anti-AD and anti-bacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-E Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Qin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Giuliani C, Moretti RM, Bottoni M, Santagostini L, Fico G, Montagnani Marelli M. The Leaf Essential Oil of Myrtus communis subsp. tarentina (L.) Nyman: From Phytochemical Characterization to Cytotoxic and Antimigratory Activity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1293. [PMID: 36986980 PMCID: PMC10056649 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical profile and the cytotoxic activity in two castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines of the leaf essential oil in Myrtus communis subsp. tarentina (L.) Nyman (EO MT), which was cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanical Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy). The leaves were air-dried and extracted by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the EO profile was characterized by GC/MS. For the cytotoxic activity investigation, we analyzed the cell viability by MTT assay, and the apoptosis induction by Annexin V/propidium iodide assay/Western blot analysis of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP proteins. Moreover, the cellular migration was analyzed by Boyden's chamber assay and the distribution of actin cytoskeleton filaments by immunofluorescence. We identified 29 total compounds; the main compound classes were oxygenated monoterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and sesquiterpenes. The main constituents were α-pinene, α-humulene, α-terpineol, durohydroquinon, linalool, geranyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene. We found that EO MT was able to reduce cellular viability, activating an apoptotic process, and to decrease the migratory capacity of CRPC cells. These results suggest that it might be interesting to further investigate the effects of single compounds present in EO MT for their possible use in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 32, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanical Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 32, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanical Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Laura Santagostini
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 32, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanical Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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3
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Parma B, Wurdak H, Ceppi P. Harnessing mitochondrial metabolism and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer and beyond by blocking heat-shock proteins. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tang Y, Zhou Y, Fan S, Wen Q. The Multiple Roles and Therapeutic Potential of HSP60 in Cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hyperforin and Myrtucommulone Derivatives Act as Natural Modulators of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062984. [PMID: 35328403 PMCID: PMC8954631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic activities of natural plant extracts have been well known for centuries. Many of them, in addition to antiviral and antibiotic effects, turned out to have anti-tumor activities by targeting different signaling pathways. The canonical Wnt pathway represents a major tumorigenic pathway deregulated in numerous tumor entities, including colon cancer. Here, we investigated the acylphloroglucinols hyperforin (HF) from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and myrtucommulone A (MC A) from myrtle (Myrtus communis) and semi-synthetic derivatives thereof (HM 177, HM 297, HM298) for their effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. None of these substances revealed major cytotoxicity on STF293 embryonic kidney and HCT116 colon carcinoma cells at concentrations up to 10 μM. At this concentration, HF and HM 177 showed the strongest effect on cell proliferation, whereas MC A and HM 177 most prominently inhibited anchorage-independent growth of HCT116 cells. Western blot analyses of active β-catenin and β-catenin/TCF reporter gene assays in STF293 cells revealed inhibitory activities of HF, MC A and HM 177. In line with this, the expression of endogenous Wnt target genes, Axin and Sp5, in HCT116 cells was significantly reduced. Our data suggest that the acylphloroglucinols hyperforin, myrtucommulone A and its derivative HM 177 represent potential new therapeutic agents to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colon cancer.
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Cyran AM, Zhitkovich A. Heat Shock Proteins and HSF1 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860320. [PMID: 35311075 PMCID: PMC8924369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fitness of cells is dependent on protein homeostasis which is maintained by cooperative activities of protein chaperones and proteolytic machinery. Upon encountering protein-damaging conditions, cells activate the heat-shock response (HSR) which involves HSF1-mediated transcriptional upregulation of a group of chaperones - the heat shock proteins (HSPs). Cancer cells experience high levels of proteotoxic stress due to the production of mutated proteins, aneuploidy-induced excess of components of multiprotein complexes, increased translation rates, and dysregulated metabolism. To cope with this chronic state of proteotoxic stress, cancers almost invariably upregulate major components of HSR, including HSF1 and individual HSPs. Some oncogenic programs show dependence or coupling with a particular HSR factor (such as frequent coamplification of HSF1 and MYC genes). Elevated levels of HSPs and HSF1 are typically associated with drug resistance and poor clinical outcomes in various malignancies. The non-oncogene dependence ("addiction") on protein quality controls represents a pancancer target in treating human malignancies, offering a potential to enhance efficacy of standard and targeted chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In cancers with specific dependencies, HSR components can serve as alternative targets to poorly druggable oncogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Legoretta Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Yu MY, Liu SN, Liu H, Meng QH, Qin XJ, Liu HY. Acylphloroglucinol trimers from Callistemon salignus seeds: Isolation, configurational assignment, hAChE inhibitory effects, and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105404. [PMID: 34749116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnoses are greatly increasing in frequency as the global population ages, highlighting an urgent need for new anti-AD strategies. With the aim to search for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitors from the species of Myrtaceae family, ten acylphloroglucinol trimers (APTs), including eight new APTs, callistemontrimers A-H (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4b, and 5b), and two naturally occurring ones (4a and 5a), along with one reported triketone-acylphloroglucinol-monoterpene adduct (6), were obtained and structurally characterized from the hAChE inhibitory acetone extract of Callistemon salignus seeds. The structures and their absolute configurations for new APTs were unequivocally established via the detailed interpretation of extensive spectroscopic data (HRESIMS and NMR), ECD calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction, whereas the absolute configurations of known APTs were determined by further chiral separation, and calculated ECD calculations. The results of hAChE inhibitory assay revealed that an enantiomeric mixture of 2a/2b, 2a, and 2b are good hAChE inhibitors with IC50 values of 1.22 ± 0.23, 2.28 ± 0.19, and 4.96 ± 0.39 μM, respectively. Molecular docking was used to uncover the modes of interactions for bioactive compounds with the active site of hAChE. In addition, 2 and 6 displayed moderate neurite outgrowth-promoting effects with differentiation rates of 6.16% and 6.19% at a concentration of 1.0 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123370. [PMID: 30572614 PMCID: PMC6321051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrtaceae are a group of plants that include a number of renowned species used in ethnomedicine in many areas worldwide. Their valuable therapeutic properties have stimulated a fruitful research activity addressed to the identification of the bioactive components of their extracts yielding a great diversity of terpenes; polyphenols; and other exclusive products. Among the latter, starting with the discovery of myrtucommulone A from myrtle (Myrtus communis), a series of structurally-related acylphloroglucinol compounds have been characterized from several species that represent the basic active principles to be considered in view of possible drug development. Aspects concerning chemical and biological properties of these products are reviewed in the present paper.
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Hennia A, Miguel MG, Nemmiche S. Antioxidant Activity of Myrtus communis L. and Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab. Extracts: A Brief Review. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E89. [PMID: 30103510 PMCID: PMC6165143 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myrtus communis L. (myrtle) and Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab. (Saharan myrtle) have been used in folk medicine for alleviating some ailments. M. communis is largely distributed in the Mediterranean Basin, whereas M. nivellei is confined in specific zones of the central Saharan mountains. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of berry and leaf extracts isolated from myrtle are deeply documented, whereas those isolated from Saharan myrtle extracts are less studied. In both species, the major groups of constituents include gallic acid derivatives, flavonols, flavonol derivatives, and hydroxybenzoic acids. In coloured berries, anthocyanins are also present. In M. nivellei extracts are reported for some compounds not described in M. communis so far: 2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole-β-d-glucopyranoside, 2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole 2-O-α-l-arabinofuranosyl (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, rugosin A, and rugosin B. Berries and leaves extracts of both species had antioxidant activity. Comparative studies of the antioxidant activity between leaf and berry myrtle extracts revealed that leaf extracts are best antioxidants, which can be assigned to the galloyl derivatives, flavonols, and flavonols derivatives, although the ratio of these groups of compounds might also have an important role in the antioxidant activity. The anthocyanins present in myrtle berries seem to possess weak antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of sample extracts depended on various factors: harvesting time, storage, extraction solvent, extraction type, and plant part used, among other factors. Leaf extracts of myrtle revealed to possess anti-inflammatory activity in several models used. This property has been attributed either to the flavonoids and/or hydrolysable tannins, nevertheless nonprenylated acylphloroglucinols (e.g., myrtucommulone and semimyrtucommulone) have also revealed a remarkable role in that activity. The biological activities of myrtle extracts found so far may direct its use towards for stabilizing complex lipid systems, as prebiotic in food formulations, and as novel therapeutic for the management of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Hennia
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, BP 188/227, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria.
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, MeditBio, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Said Nemmiche
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, BP 188/227, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria.
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Meng Q, Li BX, Xiao X. Toward Developing Chemical Modulators of Hsp60 as Potential Therapeutics. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:35. [PMID: 29732373 PMCID: PMC5920047 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 60 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60) is classically known as a mitochondrial chaperonin protein working together with co-chaperonin 10 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp10). This chaperonin complex is essential for folding proteins newly imported into mitochondria. However, Hsp60, and/or Hsp10 have also been shown to reside in other subcellular compartments including extracellular space, cytosol, and nucleus. The proteins in these extra-mitochondrial compartments may possess a wide range of functions dependent or independent of its chaperoning activity. But the mechanistic details remain unknown. Mutations in Hsp60 gene have been shown to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormality in expression level and/or subcellular localization have also been detected from different diseased tissues including inflammatory diseases and various cancers. Therefore, there is a strong interest in developing small molecule modulators of Hsp60. Most of the reported inhibitors were discovered through various chemoproteomics strategies. In this review, we will describe the recent progress in this area with reported inhibitors from both natural products and synthetic compounds. The former includes mizoribine, epolactaene, myrtucommulone, stephacidin B, and avrainvillamide while the latter includes o-carboranylphenoxyacetanilides and gold (III) porphyrins. The potencies of the known inhibitors range from low micromolar to millimolar concentrations. The potential applications of these inhibitors include anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory diseases, and anti-autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Meng
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Bingbing X Li
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Selvi EK, Turumtay H, Demir A, Turumtay EA. Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Cuscuta Campestris by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1382502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Halbay Turumtay
- Department of Energy System Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Adem Demir
- Department of Chemistry, R.T.E. University, Rize, Turkey
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Cheng MJ, Cao JQ, Yang XY, Zhong LP, Hu LJ, Lu X, Hou BL, Hu YJ, Wang Y, You XF, Wang L, Ye WC, Li CC. Catalytic asymmetric total syntheses of myrtucommuacetalone, myrtucommuacetalone B, and callistrilones A, C, D and E. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1488-1495. [PMID: 29629171 PMCID: PMC5875087 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04672c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe a concise catalytic approach to the first asymmetric total syntheses of myrtucommuacetalone, myrtucommuacetalone B, and callistrilones A, C, D and E. The syntheses proceed in only 5-7 steps from the readily available compound 11, without the need for protecting groups. Key features of the syntheses include a unique organocatalytic asymmetric Friedel-Crafts-type Michael addition with high enantioselectivity and a broad substrate scope, a novel Michael-ketalization-annulation cascade reaction, and an oxidative [3 + 2] cycloaddition. Furthermore, the new compound 7 exhibited potent antibacterial activities against several multidrug-resistant strains (MRSA, VISA and VRE), and showed greater potency than vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jing Cheng
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China . ;
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - Jia-Qing Cao
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China . ;
| | - Xin-Yi Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - Li-Jun Hu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - Xi Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Bao-Long Hou
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - Ya-Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China . ;
| | - Xue-Fu You
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China . ;
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China . ;
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
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Hu LJ, Cheng MJ, Cao JQ, Zhong LP, Hu YJ, Wang Y, Wang L, Ye WC, Li CC. Asymmetric total syntheses of callistrilones B, G and J. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A highly concise approach for the first asymmetric and gram-scale total syntheses of callistrilones B, G and J is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Hu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Min-Jing Cheng
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jia-Qing Cao
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Ya-Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- College of Pharmacy
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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Charpentier M, Jauch J. Metal catalysed versus organocatalysed stereoselective synthesis: The concrete case of myrtucommulones. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Shahnazi M, Azadmehr A, Jondabeh MD, Hajiaghaee R, Norian R, Aghaei H, Saraei M, Alipour M. Evaluating the effect of Myrtus communis on programmed cell death in hydatid cyst protoscolices. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:1072-1076. [PMID: 29203104 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible involvement of programmed cell death strategy in hydatid cyst protoscolices following treatment with Myrtus communis (M. communis) as an herbal medicine. METHODS Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep liver hydatid cysts. Evaluating the effect of M. communis extract on programmed cell death and increased activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 in hydatid cyst protoscolices was conducted by treating the protoscolices with different concentration (5, 50, and 100 mg/mL) of M. communis extract at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 4 h by using the Bradford test and ELISA commercial kits. RESULTS The extract of M. communis at all concentrations led to initiation of programmed cell death in protoscolices and this effect, was only significant at 50 and 100 mg/mL concentrations, compared to the negative control (P < 0.05). Also, the activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 in hydatid cyst protoscolices, was shown that the extract at all 3 concentrations could only increase the activity of caspases 3 and 9. Moreover, a significant increase in the activity of caspase 3 was only observed at concentrations 50 and 100 mg/mL by 37.00% and 66.19% while a significant increase in the activity of caspase 9 at the same concentrations was observed by 20.89% and 63.67%, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The extract of M. communis at different concentrations could increase the activity of caspases 3 and 9 and caused programmed cell death in hydatid cyst protoscolices however, this effect was significant at high concentrations of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shahnazi
- Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Cellular & Molecular Research Institute, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadmehr
- Department of Immunology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Immunology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Hajiaghaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Norian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghaei
- Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Saraei
- Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alipour
- Department of Social Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Sisay M, Gashaw T. Ethnobotanical, Ethnopharmacological, and Phytochemical Studies of Myrtus communis Linn: A Popular Herb in Unani System of Medicine. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:1035-1043. [PMID: 28745081 PMCID: PMC5871300 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217718958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrtus communis L (Myrtaceae) is one of the popular drugs being used in the Unani system of phytomedicine since ancient Greece period. From time immemorial, different parts of this plant and essential oil have been used for a variety of purposes such as cosmetics (hair fall control), flavoring of food and drinks as well as extensive therapeutic purposes. Ethnobotanical information revealed that M communis L has been a folkloric repute for the treatment of several diseases like gastric ulcer, diarrhea, dysentery, cancer, rheumatism, hemorrhage, deep sinuses, leucorrhoea, hemorrhoid, inflammation, dyspepsia, anxiety, insomnia, diabetes, hypertension, pulmonary disorders, and skin diseases. Moreover, ethnopharmacological studies revealed that the plant is endowed with extensive pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, vasodilator, antiulcer, antioxidant, anticancer, anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. The plant has been known to contain phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and terpenes. The myrtle oil was also found to be rich in a variety of bioactive monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes with their derivatives. Most of these studies validate the aforementioned traditional claims of this medicinal plant. Further studies are needed to unravel other pharmacological activities of this plant in the long run.
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17
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Mekonnen S, Tigist G. Myrtus communis Linn: A review on ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jpp2017.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Wiechmann K, Müller H, König S, Wielsch N, Svatoš A, Jauch J, Werz O. Mitochondrial Chaperonin HSP60 Is the Apoptosis-Related Target for Myrtucommulone. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:614-623.e6. [PMID: 28457707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The acylphloroglucinol myrtucommulone A (MC) causes mitochondrial dysfunctions by direct interference leading to apoptosis in cancer cells, but the molecular targets involved are unknown. Here, we reveal the chaperonin heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) as a molecular target of MC that seemingly modulates HSP60-mediated mitochondrial functions. Exploiting an unbiased, discriminative protein fishing approach using MC as bait and mitochondrial lysates from leukemic HL-60 cells as target source identified HSP60 as an MC-binding protein. MC prevented HSP60-mediated reactivation of denatured malate dehydrogenase in a protein refolding assay. Interference of MC with HSP60 was accompanied by aggregation of two proteins in isolated mitochondria under heat shock that were identified as Lon protease-like protein (LONP) and leucine-rich PPR motif-containing protein (LRP130). Together, our results reveal HSP60 as a direct target of MC, proposing MC as a valuable tool for studying HSP60 biology and for evaluating its value as a target in related diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Wiechmann
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans Müller
- Organic Chemistry II, Saarland University, Campus C 4.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stefanie König
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Natalie Wielsch
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Johann Jauch
- Organic Chemistry II, Saarland University, Campus C 4.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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19
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Novel anti-cancer agent myrtucommulone-A and thymoquinone abrogate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells mainly through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signalling axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 416:71-84. [PMID: 27032769 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a prominent role in cancer progression and metastasis. Inhibition of EMT-associated regulators may hold a huge promise for cancer therapy. Although TGF-β signalling has a pivotal role in the induction of EMT, alterations during the EMT process are usually initiated and controlled by the cross-talk of multiple signalling pathways, and in most cases this is context-dependent. In the present study, we aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms during the inhibition of EMT by novel anti-cancer agent myrtucommulone-A (MC-A) and thymoquinone (TQ). We used epithelial cancer cells to study the effects of MC-A and TQ on EMT. We first showed the functional inhibition of EMT by MC-A or TQ using migration assays and confirmed the EMT inhibition by analysing the expression of EMT markers with RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. We evaluated the changes in intracellular dynamics by Western blotting and compared the effects of MC-A and TQ with the effects of selective inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002), ERK 1/2 (U0126) and TGF-βR (SB431542). We demonstrate that both MC-A and TQ treatment negatively regulate the EMT process through modulation of signalling pathways in cancer cells. MC-A and TQ treatment inhibited phosphorylation of multiple proteins in a context-dependent manner. Novel anti-cancer agent MC-A and TQ regulate distinct signalling pathways for the repression of EMT which emphasises the significance of combinational therapies in cancer treatment. MC-A and TQ could be considered as candidate molecules for combinational therapies with their ability to interfere signalling pathways regulating cancer cell behaviour.
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20
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Iskender B, Izgi K, Hizar E, Jauch J, Arslanhan A, Yuksek EH, Canatan H. Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer cells via modulation of mTOR signalling. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8281-91. [PMID: 26718217 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that signalling cross-talk plays a significant role in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. However, the complex network regulating the EMT in different cancer types has not been fully described yet which affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we investigated the signalling pathways involved in EMT of bladder cancer cells and demonstrated the effects of two novel agents in the regulation of EMT. Myrtucommulone-A (MC-A) and thymoquinone (TQ) have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties. However, their targets in the regulation of cancer cell behavior are not well defined. Here, we defined the effects of two putative anti-cancer agents on bladder cancer cell migration and their possible intracellular targets in the regulation of EMT. Our results suggest that MC-A or TQ treatment affected N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and β-catenin expressions and effectively attenuated mTOR activity. The downstream components in mTOR signalling were also affected. MC-A treatment resulted in the concomitant inhibition of extracellular matrix-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Src activity. On the other hand, TQ treatment increased Src activity while exerting no effect on ERK 1/2 or p38 MAPK activity. Given the stronger inhibition of EMT-related markers in MC-A-treated samples, we concluded that this effect might be due to collective inhibition of multiple signalling pathways which result in a decrease in their cross-talk in bladder cancer cells. Overall, the data in this study proposes novel action mechanisms for MC-A or TQ in bladder cancer cells and highlights the potential use of these active compounds in the regulation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Iskender
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Kenan Izgi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Hizar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Johann Jauch
- Universität des Saarlandes, Organische Chemie II, Geb. C4.2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aslihan Arslanhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Hilal Yuksek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Halit Canatan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
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21
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Iskender B, Izgi K, Sakalar C, Canatan H. Priming hMSCs with a putative anti-cancer compound, myrtucommulone-a: a way to harness hMSC cytokine expression via modulating PI3K/Akt pathway? Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1967-81. [PMID: 26334623 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour microenvironment is a key factor for cancer growth and metastasis. Tumour surrounding tissue is known to include high number of mesenchymal stem cells which have been thought to have a role in regulating cancer cell behaviour via paracrine signalling. Therefore, modulating human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) secretome is highly significant for controlling and treating disease. Since common therapeutic agents are known to enhance cancer resistance, there is a strong urge to define novel agents for developing cell-based therapies. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the effect of active compounds, myrtucommulone-A (MC-A) and thymoquinone (TQ), on hMSC cytokine expression. Our data revealed that MC-A treatment have significantly altered cytokine expression in hMSCs. Upon MC-A treatment, hMSCs decreased the expression levels of various cytokines including TNF-α, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8 and FGF-2. hMSC conditioned medium (CM) primed with MC-A decreased the proliferation, migration ability and clonogenicity of bladder cancer cells and breast cancer cells in comparison to non-primed hMSC medium and hMSC medium primed with TQ. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report showing the effects of active compounds, MC-A and TQ, on hMSCs and therefore valuable for highlighting the potential use of active compounds in combination with hMSCs for cell-based targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Iskender
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Kenan Izgi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cagri Sakalar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Halit Canatan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
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