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Elsayed HRH, Ali EMT, Rabei MR, El Nashar EM, Alghamdi MA, Al-Zahrani NS, Alshehri SH, Aldahhan RA, Morsy AI. Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockade attenuates the neuropathological changes in the spinal cords of diabetic rats with modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/ heme oxygenase 1 system. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102420. [PMID: 38795506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral and central neuropathies frequently complicate worldwide diabetes. Compared to peripheral neuropathy, central neuropathy didn`t gain a major research interest. Angiotensin II is reported to be involved in diabetic neuropathic pain but its role in the central pathological changes in the spinal cord is not clear. Here, we study the role of Losartan; an Angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1) antagonist in suppression of the diabetes-induced changes in the spinal cord. Three groups of rats were applied; a negative control group, a streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic group, and a group receiving STZ and Losartan. After two months, the pathological alteration in the spinal cord was investigated, and an immunohistochemical study was performed for neuronal, astrocytic, and microglial markers; nuclear protein (NeuN), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), respectively, and for an apoptosis marker; caspase-3, and the inflammatory marker; nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); physiological antioxidant system. The results showed that Losartan caused recovery of spinal cord changes, by inhibiting the microglial and astrocytic activation, suppressing neuronal apoptosis and NF-kB expression with activation of Nrf2/HO-1 (P<0.0005). It is suggested, herein, that Losartan can suppress diabetes-induced glial activation, inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the spinal cord; the mechanisms that may underlie the role of AT1 antagonism in suppressing diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Reda Hassan Elsayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman.
| | - Eyad Mohamed Tolba Ali
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rami Rabei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina University for Medical Sciences, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, The Center for Medical and Health Research, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Saeed Al-Zahrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker Hassan Alshehri
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid A Aldahhan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Ibrahim Morsy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ishigooka G, Mizuno H, Oosuka S, Jin D, Takai S, Kida T. Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Cataracts. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6627. [PMID: 37892765 PMCID: PMC10607684 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the role of oxidative stress produced by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in cataract formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ) using angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Rats were treated with streptozotocin and orally administered candesartan (2.5 mg/kg/day) or a normal diet for 10 weeks until sacrifice. Cataract progression was assessed through a slit-lamp examination. Animals were euthanized at 18 weeks, and the degree of cataract progression was evaluated. Oxidative stress was also assessed. In STZ-treated rats, lens opacity occurred at 12 weeks. Cataract progression was inhibited in the ARB-treated group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). STZ-treated rats exhibited upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene expression than control rats. Oxidative stress-related factors were upregulated in the placebo-treated group but suppressed in the ARB-treated group. A correlation coefficient test revealed a positive correlation between ACE gene expression and oxidative stress-related factors and a negative correlation between ACE and superoxide dismutase. Immunostaining revealed oxidative stress-related factors and advanced glycation end products in the lens cortex of the placebo-treated group. The mechanism of diabetic cataracts may be related to RAS, and the increase in focal ACE and angiotensin II in the lens promotes oxidative stress-related factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Ishigooka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Shou Oosuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (D.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (D.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Teruyo Kida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (S.O.)
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Moldovan M, Păpurică AM, Muntean M, Bungărdean RM, Gheban D, Moldovan B, Katona G, David L, Filip GA. Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Phytoreduced with Rutin in an Early Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy and Cataracts. Metabolites 2023; 13:955. [PMID: 37623898 PMCID: PMC10456405 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataracts (CA) have an early onset in diabetes mellitus (DM) due to the redox imbalance and inflammation triggered by hyperglycaemia. Plant-based therapies are characterised by low tissue bioavailability. The study aimed to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles phytoreduced with Rutin (AuNPsR), as a possible solution. Insulin, Rutin, and AuNPsR were administered to an early, six-week rat model of DR and CA. Oxidative stress (MDA, CAT, SOD) was assessed in serum and eye homogenates, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF alpha) were quantified in ocular tissues. Eye fundus of retinal arterioles, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of lenses, and histopathology of retinas were also performed. DM was linked to constricted retinal arterioles, reduced endogen antioxidants, and eye inflammation. Histologically, retinal wall thickness decreased. TEM showed increased lens opacity and fibre disorganisation. Rutin improved retinal arteriolar diameter, while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Retinas were moderately oedematous. Lens structure was preserved on TEM. Insulin restored retinal arteriolar diameter, while increasing MDA, and amplifying TEM lens opacity. The best outcomes were obtained for AuNPsR, as it improved fundus appearance of retinal arterioles, decreased MDA and increased antioxidant capacity. Retinal edema and disorganisation in lens fibres were still present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Ana-Maria Păpurică
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Mara Muntean
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Raluca Maria Bungărdean
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 3-5, 400340 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Dan Gheban
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 3-5, 400340 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.B.); (D.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Motilor Street, No. 41T-42T, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Moldovan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Street, No. 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.M.); (G.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Gabriel Katona
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Street, No. 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.M.); (G.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Luminița David
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Street, No. 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.M.); (G.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (G.A.F.)
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Shree J, Singh A, Choudhary R, Pandey DP, Bodakhe SH. Topical Administration of ACE Inhibitor Interrupts the Progression of Cataract in Two Kidney One Clip Induced Hypertensive Cataract Model. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:399-408. [PMID: 34740310 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2002911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, we assessed that hypertension increases cataractogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of oral and topical administration of enalapril on two kidney one clip (2K1C)-induced hypertensive cataract model by evaluating the biochemical alteration of lenticular antioxidants, ionic content, ATPase activity, protein content and careful examination of the lenticular opacity. MATERIALS AND METHOD Animals were divided into normal and hypertensive animals. Hypertensive animals were divided into hypertensive control group (0.3% CMC), enalapril (oral) treatment group (20 mg/kg/day; p.o), and enalapril (topical) treatment group (0.1% w/v on the eye cornea) for a period of twelve weeks. During experimental study blood pressure, heart rate and morphology of the eyes were monitored biweekly. After twelve weeks, lenses were photographed and various catractogenic biochemical parameters were assessed. RESULTS Enalapril (oral) treatment conserved the blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), restored the level of antioxidants, restored the lipid peroxidation marker, nitrite content, ionic content, ATPase function, protein content, and thus delayed the cataract formation. While, enalapril (topical) treatment exhibited anti-cataract effect without affecting the systolic and diastolic blood pressure that could be by restoring the antioxidant level, maintaining the ionic balance, balancing the protein levels, and by inhibiting the upregulated ocular renin angiotensin system. The overall results suggest that enalapril (topical) treatment showed conspicuous effect than enalapril (oral) treatment in adjourning the cataract formation. CONCLUSION Based on the results, it may be concluded that upregulated ocular RAS by increasing oxidative stress and by misbalancing the lenticular ionic and protein content may lead to cataract formation in hypertensive condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Shree
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Rungta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Rungta Group of Colleges, Bhilai, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Isf College of Pharmacy Moga, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Shri Shankaracharya College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, India
| | | | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, India
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Fundamentals of Diabetic Cataractogenesis and Promising Ways of its Pharmacological Correction. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts in diabetes mellitus lead to decreased visual function and blindness. Cataract surgery for diabetes mellitus has limitations and complications. The search for effective means of conservative cataract therapy continues. The review presents the analysis of data from scientific sources, mainly for 2015–2020 using Internet resources (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, eLibrary.Ru, Cyberleninka). In the work, diabetic cataractogenesis is presented as a sum of interrelated pathobiochemical processes. The main ones are the polyol pathway of glucose conversion, non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative modification of lens proteins, which are enhanced in diabetes mellitus. The lens has a high protein content. The formation of high molecular weight protein aggregates is of particular importance for the appearance of light scattering zones and a decrease in lens transparency. This review presents data on anti-cataract compounds that affect post-translational crystallin modification, prevent osmotic and oxidative stress in the lens, and exhibit antiglycation properties. This information shows that the search for means of pharmacological correction of cataractogenesis should be carried out among compounds with antioxidant and antiglycation activity.
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Choudhary R, Shree J, Singh A, Bodakhe SH. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of cataract formation in angiotensin-II-induced experimental rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22789. [PMID: 33847027 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we established several facts regarding hypertension-associated cataractogenesis. As a follow-on study, we evaluated the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced cataract formation in experimental hypertensive rats. Sprague-Dawley male albino rats (150-180 g) were used for the present experiment. The animals were divided into four groups, with six animals in each group. During the 12 weeks of the experimental protocol, the normal group received sterile water (1 ml/kg/day, subcutaneously (sc), and the Ang-II control group received angiotensin (1 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously. The ARB (O) group received olmesartan (2 mg/kg/day) orally, and the ARB (T) group received two drops of olmesartan (5 mM) topically on the cornea; concurrently, both groups were treated with Ang-II (1 mg/kg/day, sc) to induce hypertension. Biweekly, the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures were recorded, and the eyes were examined; moreover, cataractogenic parameters, such as oxidative stress markers and protein contents in the lenses, were evaluated after completion of the experimental protocol. Twelve weeks of olmesartan administered, orally or topically, significantly reduced the progression of cataract formation and restored antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, nitrite content, and protein contents in the lenses of the mice in groups O and T, respectively, as compared with those in the Ang-II control group. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the ocular RAS exacerbates the lenticular oxidative stress that may lead to cataract formation. The results showed that the RAS has an independent and important role in cataract formation under hypertensive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.,Shri Shankaracharya College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Jaya Shree
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.,Rungta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanjay Rungta Group of Institutions, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Shree J, Choudhary R, Bodakhe SH. Therapeutic effects of various renin angiotensin modulators on hyperglycemia-induced cataract formation in Sprague Dawley rats. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:2360-2369. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672120962401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objects:Our previous research work reported the beneficial effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for the treatment of diabetes associated cataract which was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The current study, evaluated the effects of topical administration of various renin angiotensin modulators on STZ-induced cataracts in rats.Methods:Single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered in the rats to induce diabetes. Animals were divided into normal and diabetic rats. Normal rats were administered with single dose of sodium citrate buffer (0.1 M, 10ml/kg, i.p.). Diabetic animals were divided into various treatment groups, each group contains six animals and received aliskiren, olmesartan, enalapril, and angiotensin 1–7 at a dose of 0.5% w/v topically on the cornea of the eye for a period of 8 weeks. During experimental protocol morphology of the eyes and lenticular opacity were monitored. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks of drug treatment, and various cataractogenic biochemical parameters were assessed.Results:Topical administrations with aliskiren, enalapril, olmesartan, and angiotensin 1–7 showed non-significant alterations in the blood glucose level, but significantly decreased lenticular opacity, restored antioxidant level, restored MDA level and Nitrite content, and decreased the onset of cataract formation.Conclusion:Overall, our findings suggest that topical treatment with renin angiotensin modulators delayed the onset of diabetes-induced cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Shree
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
- Rungta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rungta Group of Colleges, Bhiali, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
- Shri Shankaracharya College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Singh A, Bodakhe SH. Biochemical Evidence Indicates the Preventive Effect of Resveratrol and Nicotinamide in the Treatment of STZ-induced Diabetic Cataract. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:52-63. [PMID: 32631099 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1782941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High glucose level is a strong initiator of both oxidative stress and DNA damage to various cellular proteins. This activates the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) enzyme, which is responsible for disturbing physiological energy metabolic homeostasis. The present study aimed to elucidate the association between stress and the PARP pathway by using resveratrol (RSV) and nicotinamide (NAM, PARP inhibitor) to treat diabetic cataract. METHOD Albino rats were used for the experimental study. A single streptozotocin administration (55 mg/kg, i.p.) prompted diabetes in the animals. The experimental groups were the normal group (non-diabetic) and the diabetic groups: the diabetic control animals (group D), the diabetic animals treated with RSV at 40 mg/kg/day, i.p. (D+ RSV group), NAM at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, i.p. (D+ NAM100, D+ NAM300 groups, respectively), and a combination of RSV and NAM i.p. (D+ RSV+NAM100 = Combi 1 group, D+ RSV+NAM300 = Combi 2 group). Glucose levels and the eyes were examined biweekly; various cataractogenic parameters in the lenses were examined after completion of the eight-week experimental protocol. RESULTS Compared to diabetic control, RSV monotherapy significantly decreased hyperglycemia and other lenticular alterations. NAM at the high dose only showed beneficial effects without altering the blood glucose level, lenticular aldose reductase (AR) activity, and sorbitol content, primarily restored the lenticular NAD level and decreased oxidative stress in diabetic rats. These findings regarding NAM treatment indicate that a pathway other than the antioxidant defense system and the polyol pathway, which might be due to PARP inhibition, is involved in diabetic cataracts. Moreover, compared to RSV monotherapy, combination treatments were effective. CONCLUSION These results indicate that hyperglycemia and oxidative-osmotic-nitrosative stress play central roles in the pathophysiology of diabetic cataracts. Moreover, our study also revealed that concurrent treatment with the RSV and NAM may prove useful in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes and its secondary complications such as cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur, India
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