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El-Shoura EAM, Hassanein EHM, Taha HH, Shalkami AGS, Hassanein MMH, Ali FEM, Bakr AG. Edaravone and obeticholic acid protect against cisplatin-induced heart toxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and modulating Nrf2, TLR4/p38MAPK, and JAK1/STAT3/NF-κB signals. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5649-5662. [PMID: 38285279 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a significant adverse effect of cisplatin (CIS) that necessitates extensive medical care. The current study examines the cardioprotective effects of edaravone (EDV), obeticholic acid (OCA), and their combinations on CIS-induced cardiac damage. Rats were allocated into five groups: the normal control group, the remaining four groups received CIS (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) as a single dose on the fifth day and were assigned to CIS, OCA (10 mg/kg/day) + CIS, EDV (20 mg/kg/day) + CIS, and the (EDV + OCA) + CIS group. Compared to the CIS-treated group, co-treating rats with EDV, OCA, or their combinations significantly decreased ALP, AST, LDH, CK-MB, and troponin-I serum levels and alleviated histopathological heart abnormalities. Biochemically, EDV, OCA, and EDV plus OCA administration mitigated cardiac oxidative stress as indicated by a marked decrease in heart MDA content with a rise in cardiac antioxidants SOD and GSH associated with upregulating Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 expression. Besides, it dampened inflammation by decreasing cardiac levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, mediated by suppressing NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and TLR4/p38MAPK signal activation. Notably, rats co-administered with EDV plus OCA showed noticeable protection that exceeded that of EDV and OCA alone. In conclusion, our study provided that EDV, OCA, and their combinations effectively attenuated CIS-induced cardiac intoxication by activating Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 signals and downregulating NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and TLR4/p38MAPK signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hesham H Taha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Health Science and Nursing, Al-Rayan Colleges, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Adel G Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Oliveira CA, Mercês ÉAB, Portela FS, Malheiro LFL, Silva HBL, De Benedictis LM, De Benedictis JM, Silva CCDE, Santos ACL, Rosa DP, Velozo HS, de Jesus Soares T, de Brito Amaral LS. An integrated view of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity: characteristics, common molecular mechanisms, and current clinical management. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:711-727. [PMID: 38678166 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a chemotherapy drug widely prescribed to treat various neoplasms. Although fundamental for the therapeutic action of the drug, its cytotoxic mechanisms trigger adverse effects in several tissues, such as the kidney, liver, and heart, which limit its clinical use. In this sense, studies point to an essential role of damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the pathophysiology of tissue injuries. Due to the limitation of effective preventive and therapeutic measures against CP-induced toxicity, new strategies with potential cytoprotective effects have been studied. Therefore, this article is timely in reviewing the characteristics and main molecular mechanisms common to renal, hepatic, and cardiac toxicity previously described, in addition to addressing the main validated strategies for the current management of these adverse events in clinical practice. We also handle the main promising antioxidant substances recently presented in the literature to encourage the development of new research that consolidates their potential preventive and therapeutic effects against CP-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Assunção Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Érika Azenathe Barros Mercês
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Santos Portela
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Lara Fabiana Luz Malheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helloisa Souza Velozo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
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Aksoy S, Kuloğlu N, Karabulut D, Yakan B. Investigation of the effect of Myricetin on Cisplatin-induced liver hepatotoxicity. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20240136. [PMID: 39045937 PMCID: PMC11262330 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20240136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cisplatin, a widely used anticancer agent, induces hepatotoxicity alongside organ damage. Understanding Cisplatin's toxicity mechanism and developing preventive measures are crucial. Our study explores Myricetin, a flavonoid, for its protective effects against Cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS In our study, a total of 32 Wistar albino male rats were utilized, which were categorized into four distinct groups: Control, Myricetin, Cisplatin, and Myricetin+Cisplatin. For the histological assessment of hepatic tissues, hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid Schiff staining were employed, alongside immunohistochemical measurements of TNF-α, interleukin-17, and interleukin-6 immunoreactivity. Additionally, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase values were examined by biochemical analysis. RESULTS In the histological evaluation of the tissues, a normal healthy cell structure and a strong periodic acid Schiff (+) reaction were observed in the hepatocyte cells in the tissues of the Control and Myricetin groups, while intense eosinophilia, minimal vacuolization, congestion, and sinusoidal expansions were observed in the hematoxylin-eosin stainings, and a decrease in the positive reaction in the periodic acid Schiff staining was observed in the Cisplatin group. Consistent with these histological findings, an increase in TNF-α, interleukin-17, and interleukin-6 expressions (p<0.0001) and a concomitant increase in aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase values were observed in the Cisplatin group. In the group protected by Myricetin, a significant improvement was observed in all these histological and biochemical values. CONCLUSION Cisplatin induces notable histopathological alterations in the liver. In this context, Myricetin exhibits the potential to alleviate Cisplatin-induced damage by modulating histological parameters and biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyye Aksoy
- Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences – Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Kuloğlu
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Department of Healthcare Services – Niğde, Turkey
| | - Derya Karabulut
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology – Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Birkan Yakan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology – Kayseri, Turkey
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Ahmed RF, Nasr M, Abd Elbaset M, Hussein AF, Ahmed-Farid OAH, Shafee N, Shabana ME. Combating hematopoietic and hepatocellular abnormalities resulting from administration of cisplatin: Role of liver targeted glycyrrhetinic acid nanoliposomes loaded with amino acids. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:925-941. [PMID: 36168910 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2129687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of cisplatin in cancer treatment renders its use vital to clinicians. However, the accompanying side effects as cachexia, emesis and liver damage necessitate the use of a dietary supplement which is capable of hindering such undesirable complications. The branched chain amino acids as well as glutamine and arginine have been proven to be effective nutritional co-adjuvant therapeutic agents. Furthermore, new pharmaceutical approaches encompass designing organ-targeted nanoformulations to increase the medicinal efficacy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of liver-targeted amino acids-loaded nanoliposomes in counteracting the adverse hematopoietic and hepatic complications associated with cisplatin. Results revealed the use of the combination of two nanoliposomal formulations (one loading leucine + isolecuine + valine, and the other loading glutamine and arginine) given orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg for twelve days was effective against cisplatin-induced toxicities represented by improvement in the complete blood picture parameters, decrease in the serum hepatic enzymes levels, amelioration of the hepatic oxidative stress and cellular energy imbalance along with reduction in the histopathological abnormalities. It can be concluded that amino acids loaded nanoliposomes could be considered a new strategy in preventing cisplatin's adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Marawan Abd Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alyaa F Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar A H Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 12553, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nermin Shafee
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Shabana
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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5
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Wang S, Yang XX, Li TJ, Zhao L, Bao YR, Meng XS. Analysis of the absorbed constituents and mechanism of liquidambaris fructus extract on hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999935. [PMID: 36110518 PMCID: PMC9468745 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) refers to one of the top 10 cancers in terms of morbidity and mortality globally, seriously influencing people’s lives. First recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica, liquidambaris fructus (LF) generates definite anti-liver tumor effect. However, its effective substances and mechanism remain to be elucidated.Methods: Serum pharmacochemistry and UPLC-QTOF-MS technologies were employed to explore the plasma of rats after intragastric administration of liquidambaris fructus extract (LFE) in order to find the active ingredients. Subsequently, DEN-induced rat liver cancer model was established with the purpose of investigating the anti-tumor activity of LFE from physiological, pathological and biochemical aspects. Finally, non-target metabonomics combined with q-PCR and Western blot methods were adopted for revealing the mechanism.Results: Totally 11 prototype blood transfused ingredients, including imperatorin and phellopterin were detected. LFE presents excellent impact on enhancing the quality of life, prolonging the life cycle, reducing inflammatory reaction, protecting hepatocytes, improving body immunity and killing liver tumor cells. Altogether 82 endogenous differential metabolites were found in metabonomics, suggesting that LFE can treat HCC by acting on key targets of PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Further research also verified that LFE can upregulate the relative expression levels of PTEN, PDCD4, Caspase 9, Caspase 3, Bax and Bad as well as lower the relative expression levels of PI3K, AKT, VEGFA and Bcl-2.Conclusion: This study revealed the pharmacodynamic material basis of LFE in the treatment of HCC, and from the perspective of metabolomics proved that the effects of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, reducing inflammatory reaction, protecting hepatocytes, improving the survival state of tumor rats, and prolonging the life cycle are related to its impact on PTEN/PI3K/Akt, fatty acid metabolism and other key signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
| | - Xin-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
| | - Yong-Rui Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Rui Bao, ; Xian-Sheng Meng,
| | - Xian-Sheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Rui Bao, ; Xian-Sheng Meng,
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Qu PR, Jiang ZL, Song PP, Liu LC, Xiang M, Wang J. Saponins and their derivatives: Potential candidates to alleviate anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and multidrug resistance. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106352. [PMID: 35835369 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines (ANTs) continue to play an irreplaceable role in oncology treatment. However, the clinical application of ANTs has been limited. In the first place, ANTs can cause dose-dependent cardiotoxicity such as arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure. In the second place, the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) leads to their chemotherapeutic failure. Oncology cardiologists are urgently searching for agents that can both protect the heart and reverse MDR without compromising the antitumor effects of ANTs. Based on in vivo and in vitro data, we found that natural compounds, including saponins, may be active agents for other both natural and chemical compounds in the inhibition of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) and the reversal of MDR. In this review, we summarize the work of previous researchers, describe the mechanisms of AIC and MDR, and focus on revealing the pharmacological effects and potential molecular targets of saponins and their derivatives in the inhibition of AIC and the reversal of MDR, aiming to encourage future research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Rong Qu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ping-Ping Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Lan-Chun Liu
- Beijing University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Liang M, Wang Z, Li H, Liu B, Yang L. l-Arginine prevents 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal accumulation and depresses inflammation via inhibiting NF-κB activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23087. [PMID: 35470495 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is an inducer of inflammation. The aim of this study was to elicit the link between the inhibition of HNE accumulation and the depression of inflammation whether dependent onl-arginine availability in growing rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with different levels of l-arginine at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. The control group was fed with commercial pellets. After 14 days of oral administration, l-arginine significantly reduced hepatic accumulation of HNE and depressed inflammation in rats as compared with the control group. Compared to the control group, the anti-inflammatory action of l-arginine is reflected by upregulation of hepatic interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the suppression of hepatic cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrotic factor α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expressions in growing rats. With l-arginine administration, the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was efficaciously inhibited through the upregulation of inhibitory κBα, and the depression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that l-arginine could reduce hepatic HNE levels and depress inflammation in growing rats, revealing a link between the inhibition of HNE accumulation with the depression of inflammation, which was attributed to the availability of l-arginine. A significant finding of this study was that the anti-inflammatory mechanism exerted by l-arginine was to inhibit NF-κB activation via downregulating PI3K/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Bingxiao Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Activation of activator protein-1-fibroblast growth factor 21 signaling attenuates Cisplatin hepatotoxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114823. [PMID: 34748822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf/FGF) 21, which plays important roles in sugar, lipid and energy metabolism, has been accepted as a mito-stress marker gene. We recently reported that FGF21 expression can be up-regulated via activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and that FGF21 plays important cytoprotective roles. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, CDDP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug. Numerous adverse effects including hepatotoxicity have been noted during CDDP therapy. It is known that CDDP can induce mitochondrial dysfunction. The studies were designed to determine the regulation of Fgf/FGF21 expression by CDDP, and to characterize the underlying mechanisms of its regulation, as well as to determine the impact of gain or loss of Fgf/FGF21 function on the progression of CDDP hepatotoxicity. Our results showed that CDDP and phorbol ester induced mRNA and protein expression of Fgf/FGF21 and β-Klotho, two essential components of Fgf21 signaling, in mouse livers and cultured mouse/human hepatocytes. Luciferase reporter assays and ChIP-qPCR assays demonstrated that the cJun-AP-1 activation is responsible for CDDP- and phorbol ester-induced Fgf/FGF21 expression. Such induction is abolished after cotreated with AP-1 inhibitor SR11302. In addition, CDDP produces more severe liver injury in Fgf21-null than wild-type mice. Pre-treatment of GR activator dexamethasone or AhR activator β-Naphthoflavone, both of which can induce Fgf21 expression, attenuated CDDP-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, Fgf/FGF21-β-Klotho signaling can be activated via AP-1 activation. Gain of Fgf/FGF21 function attenuates the progression of CDDP hepatotoxicity, which may be considered clinically to improve CDDP therapy.
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