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Marzec J, Nadadur S. Countermeasures against Pulmonary Threat Agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:560-567. [PMID: 37863486 PMCID: PMC10801713 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled toxicants are used for diverse purposes, ranging from industrial applications such as agriculture, sanitation, and fumigation to crowd control and chemical warfare, and acute exposure can induce lasting respiratory complications. The intentional release of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) during World War I caused life-long damage for survivors, and CWA use is outlawed by international treaties. However, in the past two decades, chemical warfare use has surged in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, with a shift toward lung toxicants. The potential use of industrial and agricultural chemicals in rogue activities is a major concern as they are often stored and transported near populated areas, where intentional or accidental release can cause severe injuries and fatalities. Despite laws and regulatory agencies that regulate use, storage, transport, emissions, and disposal, inhalational exposures continue to cause lasting lung injury. Industrial irritants (e.g., ammonia) aggravate the upper respiratory tract, causing pneumonitis, bronchoconstriction, and dyspnea. Irritant gases (e.g., acrolein, chloropicrin) affect epithelial barrier integrity and cause tissue damage through reactive intermediates or by direct adduction of cysteine-rich proteins. Symptoms of CWAs (e.g., chlorine gas, phosgene, sulfur mustard) progress from airway obstruction and pulmonary edema to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which results in respiratory depression days later. Emergency treatment is limited to supportive care using bronchodilators to control airway constriction and rescue with mechanical ventilation to improve gas exchange. Complications from acute exposure can promote obstructive lung disease and/or pulmonary fibrosis, which require long-term clinical care. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Inhaled chemical threats are of growing concern in both civilian and military settings, and there is an increased need to reduce acute lung injury and delayed clinical complications from exposures. This minireview highlights our current understanding of acute toxicity and pathophysiology of a select number of chemicals of concern. It discusses potential early-stage therapeutic development as well as challenges in developing countermeasures applicable for administration in mass casualty situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Srikanth Nadadur
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Gombos G, Németh N, Pös O, Styk J, Buglyó G, Szemes T, Danihel L, Nagy B, Balogh I, Soltész B. New Possible Ways to Use Exosomes in Diagnostics and Therapy via JAK/STAT Pathways. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1904. [PMID: 37514090 PMCID: PMC10386711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have the potential to be the future of personalized diagnostics and therapy. They are nano-sized particles between 30 and 100 nm flowing in the extracellular milieu, where they mediate cell-cell communication and participate in immune system regulation. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) secreted from different types of cancer cells are the key regulators of the tumor microenvironment. With their immune suppressive cargo, TDEs prevent the antitumor immune response, leading to reduced effectiveness of cancer treatment by promoting a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Involved signaling pathways take part in the regulation of tumor proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Signal transducers and activators of transcription factors (STATs) and Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathways are crucial in malignancies and autoimmune diseases alike, and their potential to be manipulated is currently the focus of interest. In this review, we aim to discuss exosomes, TDEs, and the JAK/STAT pathways, along with mediators like interleukins, tripartite motif proteins, and interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gréta Gombos
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Németh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ondrej Pös
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Styk
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Danihel
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Merciful Brothers University Hospital, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - István Balogh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Guo QR, Zhou WM, Zhang GB, Deng ZF, Chen XZ, Sun FY, Lei XP, Yan YY, Zhang JY. Jaceosidin inhibits the progression and metastasis of NSCLC by regulating miR-34c-3p/Integrin α2β1 axis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16158. [PMID: 37215793 PMCID: PMC10199265 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are crucial for cancer progression, among which miR-34c-3p has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we attempt to identify flavonoids that can up-regulate miR-34c-3p expression, evaluate the anticancer activity of the flavonoids and explore its underlying mechanism in NSCLC cells. Six flavonoids were screened by RT-qPCR and we found that jaceosidin significantly increased miR-34c-3p expression in A549 cells. We found that jaceosidin inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and H1975 cells in a dose-relevant manner, indicated by cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and EdU assay, we observed that jaceosidin inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and H1975 cells in a dose-relevant manner. Further research suggested that miR-34c-3p bound to the transcriptome of integrin α2β1 and then inhibited its expression, leading to the inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of NSCLC. Our study sheds some light on anti-tumor of jaceosidin and provides a potential lead compound for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-ru Guo
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wen-min Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Guo-bin Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhuo-fen Deng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xin-zhu Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Fang-yun Sun
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Xizang Minzu University, 712082, China
| | - Xue-ping Lei
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yan-yan Yan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, PR China
| | - Jian-ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
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Liu C, Xiao K, Xie L. Advances in the use of exosomes for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971189. [PMID: 36016948 PMCID: PMC9396740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, the primary treatment for ALI/ARDS is mainly symptomatic therapy such as mechanical ventilation and fluid management. Due to the lack of effective treatment strategies, most ALI/ARDS patients face a poor prognosis. The discovery of exosomes has created a promising prospect for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. Exosomes can exert anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit apoptosis, and promote cell regeneration. The microRNA contained in exosomes can participate in intercellular communication and play an immunomodulatory role in ALI/ARDS disease models. This review discusses the possible mechanisms of exosomes in ALI/ARDS to facilitate the development of innovative treatments for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Center of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Center of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Center of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Xie,
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Hua Y, Han A, Yu T, Hou Y, Ding Y, Nie H. Small Extracellular Vesicles Containing miR-34c Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulates Epithelial Sodium Channel via Targeting MARCKS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095196. [PMID: 35563590 PMCID: PMC9101277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a pivotal regulator of alveolar fluid clearance in the airway epithelium and plays a key role in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI), which is mainly composed of the three homologous subunits (α, β and γ). The mechanisms of microRNAs in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC-sEVs) on the regulation of lung ion transport are seldom reported. In this study, we aimed at investigating whether miR-34c had an effect on ENaC dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide and explored the underlying mechanism in this process. Primarily, the effect of miR-34c on lung edema and histopathology changes in an ALI mouse model was investigated. Then the uptake of PKH26-labeled sEVs was observed in recipient cells, and we observed that the overexpression of miR-34c in MSC-sEVs could upregulate the LPS-inhibited γ-ENaC expression. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) was one of target genes of miR-34c, the protein expression of which was negatively correlated with miR-34c. Subsequently, either upregulating miR-34c or knocking down MARCKS could increase the protein expression of phospho-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K) and phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT), implying a downstream regulation pathway was involved. All of the above suggest that miR-34c in MSC-sEVs can attenuate edematous lung injury via enhancing γ-ENaC expression, at least partially, through targeting MARCKS and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway subsequently.
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