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Terim Kapakin KA, Bolat İ, İskender H, Dokumacioğlu E, Manavoğlu Kirman E, Bolat M, Gül M. Protective effects of curcumin against valproic acid induced brain kidney and liver damage in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39210742 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2391868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum drug that is now widely used as an antiepileptic. Although VPA has positive therapeutic effects, it also causes various toxic effects in tissues. Curcumin, a natural antioxidant found in ginger, has antibacterial and antiinflammatory activity. In this study, the toxic effects of VPA on brain, kidney, and liver tissues and the protective activity of curcumin against these effects were investigated. In this study, male Wistar-Albino rats were used. Rats were divided into 4 groups control, VPA, CUR, and CUR + VPA. Rats were administered intraperitoneal VPA and CUR intragastrically. In the study, MDA, SOD, IL-6, and IL-18 levels were measured by the ELISA method in rats. It was observed that VPA triggered oxidative stress and inflammation in tissues, while CUR administration positively regulated these parameters. Studies also showed that VPA increased the expressions of TNF-α and NF-kB in tissues, but CUR administration downregulated these expressions The findings revealed that CUR protects by preventing the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by VPA in the tissues and may be an important agent in reducing the side effects of this drug used as an antiepileptic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İsmail Bolat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hatice İskender
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Eda Dokumacioğlu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Esra Manavoğlu Kirman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Merve Bolat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mevlana Gül
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Magaji UF, Coremen M, Karabulut Bulan O, Sacan O, Yanardag R. Biochemical and Histological Effects of Moringa oleifera Extract against Valproate-Induced Kidney Damage. J Med Food 2024; 27:533-544. [PMID: 38836511 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid is an effective treatment for generalized seizure and related neurological defects. Despite its efficacy and acceptability, its use is associated with adverse drug effects. Moringa oleifera leaves are rich in phytochemical and nutritional components. It has excellent antioxidant and ethnobotanical benefits, thus popular among folk medicines and nutraceuticals. In the present study, 70% ethanol extract of moringa leaves was assessed for its in vivo biochemical and histological effects against valproate-induced kidney damage. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I: control animals given physiological saline (n = 8); Group II: Moringa extract-administered group (0.3 g/kg b.w./day, n = 8); Group III: valproate-administered animals (0.5 g/kg b.w./day, n = 15); and Group IV: valproate + moringa extract (given similar doses of both valproate and moringa extract, n = 12) administered group. Treatments were administered orally for 15 days, the animals were fasted overnight, anesthetized, and then tissue samples harvested. In the valproate-administered experimental group, serum urea and uric acid were elevated. In the kidney tissue of the valproate rats, glutathione was depleted, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) disrupted, while oxidative stress biomarker, inflammatory proteins (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), histological damage scores, and the number of PCNA-positive cells were elevated. M. oleifera attenuated all these biochemical defects through its plethora of diverse antioxidant and therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Faruk Magaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Melis Coremen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Omur Karabulut Bulan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozlem Sacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Cergel E, Tuzuner BA, Turkyilmaz IB, Oktay S, Magaji UF, Sacan O, Yanardag R, Yarat A. Reversal of Valproate-Induced Major Salivary Gland Changes By Moringa Oleifera Extract in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301959. [PMID: 38469951 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential protective impacts of Moringa oleifera extract on major alteration in salivary glands of rats exposed to sodium valproate (VA). Groups were defined as control, control+moringa extract, sodium valproate, and sodium valproate+moringa extract. Antioxidant and oxidant status, activities of digestive and metabolic enzymes were examined. VA treatment led to various biochemical changes in the salivary glands, including decreased levels of antioxidants like glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (except for sublingual superoxide dismutase). Conversely, a decrease in alpha-amylase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, protease, and maltase activities were observed. The study also demonstrated that VA induces oxidative stress, increases lipid peroxidation, sialic acid, and nitric oxide levels in the salivary glands. Total oxidant capacity was raised in all glands except in the sublingual gland. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins were similar. Moringa oleifera extract exhibited protective properties, reversing these VA-induced biochemical changes due to its antioxidant and therapeutic attributes. This research suggests that moringa extract might serve as an alternative treatment approach for individuals using VA and experiencing salivary gland issues, although further research is necessary to confirm these findings in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Cergel
- Biochemistry Master of Science Student, Health Sciences Institute, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Halic University, Eyupsultan, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Burcin Alev Tuzuner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Life Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research Centre, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Sehkar Oktay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Umar Faruk Magaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Ozlem Sacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Aysen Yarat
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Dagsuyu E, Yanardag R. Purification and characterization of thioredoxin reductase enzyme from commercial Spirulina platensis tablets by affinity chromatography and investigation of the effects of some chemicals and drugs on enzyme activity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:176-192. [PMID: 37864368 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR, enzyme code [E.C.] 1.6.4.5) is a widely distributed flavoenzyme that catalyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reduction of thioredoxin and many other physiologically important substrates. Spirulina platensis is a blue-green algae that is often used as a dietary supplement. S. platensis is rich in protein, lipid, polysaccharide, pigment, carotenoid, enzyme, vitamins and many other chemicals and exhibits a variety of pharmacological functions. In the present study, a simple and efficient method to purify TrxR from S. platensis tablets is reported. The extractions were carried out using two different methods: heat denaturation and 2',5'-adenosine diphosphate Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The enzyme was purified by 415.04-fold over the crude extract, with a 19% yield, and specific activity of 0.7640 U/mg protein. Optimum pH, temperature and ionic strength of the enzyme activity, as well as the Michaelis constant (Km ) and maximum velocity of enzyme (Vmax ) values for NADPH and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) were determined. Tested metal ions, vitamins, and drugs showed inhibition effects, except Se4+ ion, cefazolin sodium, teicoplanin, and tobramycin that increased the enzyme activity in vitro. Ag+ , Cu2+ , Mg2+ , Ni2+ , Pb2+ , Zn2+ , Al3+ , Cr3+ , Fe3+ , and V4+ ions; vitamin B3 , vitamin B6 , vitamin C, and vitamin U and aciclovir, azithromycin, benzyladenine, ceftriaxone sodium, clarithromycin, diclofenac, gibberellic acid, glurenorm, indole-3-butyric acid, ketorolac, metformin, mupirocin, mupirocin calcium, paracetamol, and tenofovir had inhibitory effects on TrxR. Ag+ exhibited stronger inhibition than 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (a positive control).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Dagsuyu
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gao Y, Jiang D, Wang C, An G, Zhu L, Cui C. Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolic Changes in Male Mice Exposed to Sodium Valproate Based on GC-MS Analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1915-1930. [PMID: 35747443 PMCID: PMC9211130 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s357530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sodium valproate (VPA) is the most widely used broad-spectrum antiepileptic first-line drug in clinical practice and is effective against various types of epilepsy. However, VPA can induce severe cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, which limits its use. Metabolomic studies of VPA-induced toxicity have focused primarily on changes in serum and urine metabolites but have not evaluated changes in major organs or tissues. Methods Central target tissues (intestine, lung, liver, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, inner ear, spleen, kidney, heart, and serum) were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry to comprehensively evaluate VPA toxicity in mouse models. Results Multivariate analyses, including orthogonal projections of the latent structure and Student’s t test, indicated that depending on the matrix used in the study (the intestine, lung, liver, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, inner ear, spleen, kidney, heart or serum) the number of metabolites differed, the lung being the poorest and the kidney the richest in number. Conclusion These metabolites were closely related and were found to participate in 12 key pathways related to amino acid, fatty acid, and energy metabolism, revealing that the toxic mechanism of VPA may involve oxidative stress, inflammation, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahao Gao
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang An
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Changmeng Cui, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8617805378911, Email
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