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Weihrauch D, Keszler A, Lindemer B, Krolikowski J, Lohr NL. Red light stimulates vasodilation through extracellular vesicle trafficking. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 220:112212. [PMID: 34049180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Red light (670 nm) promotes ex vivo dilation of blood vessels in a nitric oxide (NO) dependent, but eNOS independent manner by secreting a quasi-stable and transferable vasoactive substance with the characteristics of S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) from the endothelium. In the present work we establish that 670 nm light mediated vasodilation occurs in vivo and is physiologically stable. Light exposure depletes intracellular S-nitroso protein while concomitantly increasing extracellular RNSO, suggesting vesicular pathways are involved. Furthermore, we demonstrate this RSNO vasodilator is embedded in extracellular vesicles (EV). The action of red light on vesicular trafficking appears to increase expression of endosome associated membrane protein CD63 in bovine aortic endothelial cells, enhance endosome localization in the endothelium, and induce exit of RSNO containing EVs from murine facialis arteries. We suggest a mechanism by which the concerted actions of 670 nm light initiate formation of RSNO containing EVs which exit the endothelium and trigger relaxation of smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes Keszler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - John Krolikowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Nicole L Lohr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, USA.
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Gimenez-Molina Y, García-Martínez V, Villanueva J, Davletov B, Gutiérrez LM. Multiple sclerosis drug FTY-720 toxicity is mediated by the heterotypic fusion of organelles in neuroendocrine cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18471. [PMID: 31804600 PMCID: PMC6895052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
FTY-720 (Fingolimod) was one of the first compounds authorized for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Among its other activities, this sphingosine analogue enhances exocytosis in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells, altering the quantal release of catecholamines. Surprisingly, the size of chromaffin granules is reduced within few minutes of treatment, a process that is paralleled by the homotypic fusion of granules and their heterotypic fusion with mitochondria, as witnessed by dynamic confocal and TIRF microscopy. Electron microscopy studies support these observations, revealing the fusion of several vesicles with individual mitochondria to form large, round mixed organelles. This cross-fusion is SNARE-dependent, being partially prevented by the expression of an inactive form of SNAP-25. Fused mitochondria exhibit an altered redox potential, which dramatically enhances cell death. Therefore, the cross-fusion of intracellular organelles appears to be a new mechanism to be borne in mind when considering the effect of FTY-720 on the survival of neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gimenez-Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Bazbek Davletov
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Luis M Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, 03550, Spain.
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Henkel AW, Al-Abdullah LAAD, Al-Qallaf MS, Redzic ZB. Quantitative Determination of Cellular-and Neurite Motility Speed in Dense Cell Cultures. Front Neuroinform 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 30914941 PMCID: PMC6423175 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobility quantification of single cells and cellular processes in dense cultures is a challenge, because single cell tracking is impossible. We developed a software for cell structure segmentation and implemented 2 algorithms to measure motility speed. Complex algorithms were tested to separate cells and cellular components, an important prerequisite for the acquisition of meaningful motility data. Plasma membrane segmentation was performed to measure membrane contraction dynamics and organelle trafficking. The discriminative performance and sensitivity of the algorithms were tested on different cell types and calibrated on computer-simulated cells to obtain absolute values for cellular velocity. Both motility algorithms had advantages in different experimental setups, depending on the complexity of the cellular movement. The correlation algorithm (COPRAMove) performed best under most tested conditions and appeared less sensitive to variable cell densities, brightness and focus changes than the differentiation algorithm (DiffMove). In summary, our software can be used successfully to analyze and quantify cellular and subcellular movements in dense cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Henkel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Mohammed S Al-Qallaf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Zoran B Redzic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Studies of the Secretory Machinery Dynamics by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy in Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30317519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8760-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Cultured bovine chromaffin cells have been tested as a successful neuroendocrine model to study the secretory process. Changes in the dynamics of the secretory vesicles and the exocytotic machinery microdomains could be studied in control and stimulated conditions using appropriate molecular tools such as fluorescent SNARE protein expression or fluorochrome vesicular labeling in these neuroendocrine cells. Since most of these changes occur in or near the plasma membrane, the use of the total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy (TIRFM) and the implement of particle motion analysis could be essential tools to study the structural and dynamic changes of secretory machinery related with its function in this exocytotic cell model.
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Lipid metabolites enhance secretion acting on SNARE microdomains and altering the extent and kinetics of single release events in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75845. [PMID: 24073281 PMCID: PMC3779176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid molecules such as arachidonic acid (AA) and sphingolipid metabolites have been implicated in modulation of neuronal and endocrine secretion. Here we compare the effects of these lipids on secretion from cultured bovine chromaffin cells. First, we demonstrate that exogenous sphingosine and AA interact with the secretory apparatus as confirmed by FRET experiments. Examination of plasma membrane SNARE microdomains and chromaffin granule dynamics using total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy (TIRFM) suggests that sphingosine production promotes granule tethering while arachidonic acid promotes full docking. Our analysis of single granule release kinetics by amperometry demonstrated that both sphingomyelinase and AA treatments enhanced drastically the amount of catecholamines released per individual event by either altering the onset phase of or by prolonging the off phase of single granule catecholamine release kinetics. Together these results demonstrate that the kinetics and extent of the exocytotic fusion pore formation can be modulated by specific signalling lipids through related functional mechanisms.
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Villanueva J, Torres V, Torregrosa-Hetland CJ, Garcia-Martinez V, López-Font I, Viniegra S, Gutiérrez LM. F-actin-myosin II inhibitors affect chromaffin granule plasma membrane distance and fusion kinetics by retraction of the cytoskeletal cortex. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:328-38. [PMID: 22588981 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromaffin cell catecholamines are released when specialized secretory vesicles undergo exocytotic membrane fusion. Evidence indicates that vesicle supply and fusion are controlled by the activity of the cortical F-actin-myosin II network. To study in detail cell cortex and vesicle interactions, we use fluorescent labeling with GFP-lifeact and acidotropic dyes in confocal and evanescent wave microscopy. These techniques provide structural details and dynamic images of chromaffin granules caged in a complex cortical structure. Both the movement of cortical structures and granule motion appear to be linked, and this motion can be restricted by the myosin II-specific inhibitor, blebbistatin, and the F-actin stabilizer, jasplakinolide. These treatments also affect the position of the vesicles in relation to the plasma membrane, increasing the distance between them and the fusion sites. Consequently, we observed slower single vesicle fusion kinetics in treated cells after neutralization of acridine orange-loaded granules during exocytosis. Increasing the distance between the granules and the fusion sites appears to be linked to the retraction of the F-actin cytoskeleton when treated with jasplakinolide. Thus, F-actin-myosin II inhibitors appear to slow granule fusion kinetics by altering the position of vesicles after relaxation of the cortical network.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante 03550, Spain
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Kim HJ, Gieske MC, Trudgen KL, Hudgins-Spivey S, Kim BG, Krust A, Chambon P, Jeong JW, Blalock E, Ko C. Identification of estradiol/ERα-regulated genes in the mouse pituitary. J Endocrinol 2011; 210:309-21. [PMID: 21700660 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen acts to prime the pituitary prior to the GnRH-induced LH surge by undiscovered mechanisms. This study aimed to identify the key components that mediate estrogen action in priming the pituitary. RNA extracted from the pituitaries of metestrous (low estrogen) and proestrus (high estrogen) stage mice, as well as from ovariectomized wild-type and estrogen receptor α (ERα) knockout mice treated with 17β-estradiol (E(2)) or vehicle, was used for gene expression microarray. Microarray data were then aggregated, built into a functional electronic database, and used for further characterization of E(2)/ERα-regulated genes. These data were used to compile a list of genes representing diverse biological pathways that are regulated by E(2) via an ERα-mediated pathway in the pituitary. This approach substantiates ERα regulation of membrane potential regulators and intracellular vesicle transporters, among others, but not the basic components of secretory machinery. Subsequent characterization of six selected genes (Cacna1a, Cacna1g, Cited1, Abep1, Opn3, and Kcne2) confirmed not only ERα dependency for their pituitary expression but also the significance of their expression in regulating GnRH-induced LH secretion. In conclusion, findings from this study suggest that estrogen primes the pituitary via ERα by equipping pituitary cells with critical cellular components that potentiate LH release on subsequent GnRH stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joon Kim
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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López-Font I, Torregrosa-Hetland CJ, Villanueva J, Gutiérrez LM. t-SNARE cluster organization and dynamics in chromaffin cells. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1550-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mathew M, Amat-Roldan I, Andrés R, Santos SICO, Artigas D, Soriano E, Loza-Alvarez P. Signalling effect of NIR pulsed lasers on axonal growth. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 186:196-201. [PMID: 19945486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work we show that a pulsed laser light placed at a distance is able to modulate the growth of axons of primary neuronal cell cultures. In our experiments continuous wave (CW), chopped CW and modelocked fs (FS) laser light was focused through a microscope objective to a point placed at a distance of about 15 microm from the growth cone. We found that CW light does not produce any significant influence on the axon growth. In contrast, when using pulsed light (chopped CW light or FS pulses), the beam was able to modify the trajectory of the axons, attracting approximately 45% of the observed cases to the beam spot. Such effect could possibly indicate the capacity of neurons to interpret the pulsating NIR light as the source of other nearby cells, resulting in extension of processes in the direction of the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Mathew
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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López I, Ortiz JA, Villanueva J, Torres V, Torregrosa-Hetland CJ, del Mar Francés M, Viniegra S, Gutiérrez LM. Vesicle Motion and Fusion are Altered in Chromaffin Cells with Increased SNARE Cluster Dynamics. Traffic 2009; 10:172-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mathew M, Amat-Roldan I, Andrés R, Cormack IG, Artigas D, Soriano E, Loza-Alvarez P. Influence of distant femtosecond laser pulses on growth cone fillopodia. Cytotechnology 2008; 58:103-11. [PMID: 19085066 PMCID: PMC2612104 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-008-9178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3 mW focused femtosecond laser spot at a distance (>15 mum) has shown to attract the fillopodia from growth cones of primary neuronal cell cultures (mice E15). The phenomenological behavior of fillopodia is studied under short durations (~40 min) and different laser light conditions. The analysis of the fillopodia movement showed that they become significantly attracted towards the focused femtosecond laser light. In contrast, the use of continuous wave under the same conditions did not generate the same effect, the results of which were indistinguishable from when there was no laser light present (control condition). These results suggest the possible existence of an optically-induced signaling mechanism in growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Mathew
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Amat-Roldan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Andrés
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iain G. Cormack
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Artigas
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
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Henkel AW, Sperling W, Rotter A, Reulbach U, Reichardt C, Bönsch D, Maler JM, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J. Antidepressant drugs modulate growth factors in cultured cells. BMC Pharmacol 2008; 8:6. [PMID: 18318898 PMCID: PMC2275236 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-8-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different classes of antidepressant drugs are used as a treatment for depression by activating the catecholinergic system. In addition, depression has been associated with decrease of growth factors, which causes insufficient axonal sprouting and reduced neuronal damage repair. In this study, antidepressant treatments are analyzed in a cell culture system, to study the modulation of growth factors. RESULTS We quantified the transcription of several growth factors in three cell lines after application of antidepressant drugs by real time polymerase chain reaction. Antidepressant drugs counteracted against phorbolester-induced deregulation of growth factors in PMA-differentiated neuronal SY5Y cells. We also found indications in a pilot experiment that magnetic stimulation could possibly modify BDNF in the cell culture system. CONCLUSION The antidepressant effects antidepressant drugs might be explained by selective modulation of growth factors, which subsequently affects neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Henkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sperling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Rotter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo Reulbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Reichardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominikus Bönsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan M Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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