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Role of p53 in Regulating Radiation Responses. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071099. [PMID: 35888186 PMCID: PMC9319710 DOI: 10.3390/life12071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
p53 is known as the guardian of the genome and plays various roles in DNA damage and cancer suppression. The p53 gene was found to express multiple p53 splice variants (isoforms) in a physiological, tissue-dependent manner. The various genes that up- and down-regulated p53 are involved in cell viability, senescence, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, p53 affects the radioadaptive response. Given that several studies have already been published on p53, this review presents its role in the response to gamma irradiation by interacting with MDM2, NF-κB, and miRNA, as well as in the inflammation processes, senescence, carcinogenesis, and radiation adaptive responses. Finally, the potential of p53 as a biomarker is discussed.
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2
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Sun C, Huang Z, Qin H, Zhang J, Wang S, Xu X, Ying S, Mao G. Exposure to 10 Hz Pulsed Magnetic Fields Do Not Induce Cellular Senescence in Human Fetal Lung Fibroblasts. Front Public Health 2021; 9:761069. [PMID: 34858933 PMCID: PMC8632261 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.761069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid population aging has led to a global burden of late-life diseases. As the largest risk factor for a multitude of age-related diseases, aging is not only the result of genotype but also closely related to external factors. With the rapid expansion in the usage of electromagnetic fields (EMFs), the effect of EMFs on aging has also attracted attention. Cells are the basic unit of organs and body tissues, and cellular senescence plays an important role in the aging process. The effect of EMFs on cellular senescence has been investigated in a few studies, but the information is limited, and the results are inconsistent; thus, further investigation is required. In this study, we investigated the effect of 10 Hz pulsed magnetic fields (MFs) on cellular senescence in a 2BS cell line, isolated from human fetal lung fibroblasts, and found that intermittent (1 d on/1 d off) exposure to 10 Hz pulsed MFs at 1.0 mT for 2 weeks induced DNA damage, but no other significant phenotype of cellular senescence in 2BS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Houbing Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sanying Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibo Ying
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Chao CC, Shen PW, Tzeng TY, Kung HJ, Tsai TF, Wong YH. Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1635. [PMID: 34829864 PMCID: PMC8615703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased life expectancy among humans, aging has recently emerged as a major focus in biomedical research. The lack of in vitro aging models-especially for neurological disorders, where access to human brain tissues is limited-has hampered the progress in studies on human brain aging and various age-associated neurodegenerative diseases at the cellular and molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview of age-related changes in the transcriptome, in signaling pathways, and in relation to epigenetic factors that occur in senescent neurons. Moreover, we explore the current cell models used to study neuronal aging in vitro, including immortalized cell lines, primary neuronal culture, neurons directly converted from fibroblasts (Fib-iNs), and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-iNs); we also discuss the advantages and limitations of these models. In addition, the key phenotypes associated with cellular senescence that have been observed by these models are compared. Finally, we focus on the potential of combining human iPSC-iNs with genome editing technology in order to further our understanding of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the future directions and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Chao
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-F.T.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Tzeng
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-F.T.)
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Wong
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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4
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PRMT7: A Pivotal Arginine Methyltransferase in Stem Cells and Development. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6241600. [PMID: 34712331 PMCID: PMC8548130 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6241600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), which play critical roles in many biological processes. To date, nine PRMT family members, namely, PRMT1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, have been identified in mammals. Among them, PRMT7 is a type III PRMT that can only catalyze the formation of monomethylarginine and plays pivotal roles in several kinds of stem cells. It has been reported that PRMT7 is closely associated with embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, muscle stem cells, and human cancer stem cells. PRMT7 deficiency or mutation led to severe developmental delay in mice and humans, which is possibly due to its crucial functions in stem cells. Here, we surveyed and summarized the studies on PRMT7 in stem cells and development in mice and humans and herein provide a discussion of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we also discuss the roles of PRMT7 in cancer, adipogenesis, male reproduction, cellular stress, and cellular senescence, as well as the future perspectives of PRMT7-related studies. Overall, PRMT7 mediates the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Deficiency or mutation of PRMT7 causes developmental delay, including defects in skeletal muscle, bone, adipose tissues, neuron, and male reproduction. A better understanding of the roles of PRMT7 in stem cells and development as well as the underlying mechanisms will provide information for the development of strategies for in-depth research of PRMT7 and stem cells as well as their applications in life sciences and medicine.
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5
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Belyavsky A, Petinati N, Drize N. Hematopoiesis during Ontogenesis, Adult Life, and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179231. [PMID: 34502137 PMCID: PMC8430730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bone marrow of vertebrates, two types of stem cells coexist-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hematopoiesis only occurs when these two stem cell types and their descendants interact. The descendants of HSCs supply the body with all the mature blood cells, while MSCs give rise to stromal cells that form a niche for HSCs and regulate the process of hematopoiesis. The studies of hematopoiesis were initially based on morphological observations, later extended by the use of physiological methods, and were subsequently augmented by massive application of sophisticated molecular techniques. The combination of these methods produced a wealth of new data on the organization and functional features of hematopoiesis in the ontogenesis of mammals and humans. This review summarizes the current views on hematopoiesis in mice and humans, discusses the development of blood elements and hematopoiesis in the embryo, and describes how the hematopoietic system works in the adult organism and how it changes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Belyavsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Nina Drize
- National Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Wu C, Guo E, Ming J, Sun W, Nie X, Sun L, Peng S, Luo M, Liu D, Zhang L, Mei Q, Long G, Hu G, Hu G. Radiation-Induced DNMT3B Promotes Radioresistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Methylation of p53 and p21. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:306-319. [PMID: 32382655 PMCID: PMC7200625 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy is the standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, whose efficacy is limited partly by intrinsic and acquired radioresistance. DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) has been reported to participate in tumorigenesis via DNA methylation, but its role in mediating progression and radioresistance of NPC remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted the following studies to explore the relationship between DNMT3B and NPC. Here, we found that DNMT3B was elevated in NPC tissues and predicted the poor prognosis of NPC patients. We demonstrated for the first time that ionizing radiation could induce DNMT3B, which might be one of the reasons for radioresistance. Silencing of DNMT3B inhibited migration and invasion via suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPC cells. Furthermore, silencing DNMT3B restored and activated p53 and p21 via DNA demethylation, which led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, resulting in increased radiosensitivity of NPC both in vitro and in vivo. DNMT3B functions as a novel oncogene in the radioresistance of NPC through regulating EMT, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Therefore, DNMT3B could be a potential target for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ergang Guo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ming
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxian Long
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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7
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The Differential DNA Hypermethylation Patterns of microRNA-137 and microRNA-342 Locus in Early Colorectal Lesions and Tumours. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100519. [PMID: 31546665 PMCID: PMC6843302 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, representing 13% of all cancers. The role of epigenetics in cancer diagnosis and prognosis is well established. MicroRNAs in particular influence numerous cancer associated processes including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, cell-cycle controls, migration/invasion and metabolism. MiRNAs-137 and 342 are exon- and intron-embedded, respectively, acting as tumour-suppressive microRNA via hypermethylation events. Levels of miRNAs 137 and 342 have been investigated here as potential prognostic markers for colorectal cancer patients. The methylation status of miRNA-137 and miRNA-342 was evaluated using methylation-specific (MSP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on freshly frozen tissue derived from 51 polyps, 8 tumours and 14 normal colon mucosa specimens. Methylation status of miRNA-137 and miRNA-342 was significantly higher in tumour lesions compared to normal adjacent mucosa. Surprisingly, the methylation frequency of miR-342 (76.3%) among colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher compared to miR-137 (18.6%). Furthermore, normal tissues, adjacent to the lesions (N-Cs), displayed no observable methylation for miRNA-137, whereas 27.2% of these N-Cs showed miRNA-342 hypermethylation. MiRNA-137 hypermethylation was significantly higher in male patients and miR-342 hypermethylation correlated with patient age. Methylation status of miRNA-137 and miRNA-342 has both diagnostic and prognostic value in CRC prediction and prevention.
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8
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Yi Y, Xie H, Xiao X, Wang B, Du R, Liu Y, Li Z, Wang J, Sun L, Deng Z, Li J. Ultraviolet A irradiation induces senescence in human dermal fibroblasts by down-regulating DNMT1 via ZEB1. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:212-228. [PMID: 29466247 PMCID: PMC5842848 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the role of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We show that DNMT1 expression was significantly reduced during UVA-induced senescence, and this senescence could be alleviated or aggravated by the up- or down-regulation of DNMT1, respectively. Expression of the transcription factor zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1(ZEB1) also decreased after UVA irradiation, following a UVA-induced increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that ZEB1 binds to the DMNT1 promoter and regulates its transcription, which, in turn, affects cellular senescence. These changes in DMNT1 and ZEB1 expression following UVA exposure were confirmed in matched skin specimens that had or had not been sun-exposed. On analyzing the promoter methylation of 24 senescence associated genes in these matched skin specimens, we discovered that p53 promoter methylation was significantly reduced in sun-exposed skin. In vitro experiments confirmed that UVA irradiation reduced p53 promoter methylation, and DNMT1 up-regulation could reverse this effect. Collectively, down-regulation of ZEB1 caused by UVA induced ROS could transcriptionally inhibit DNMT1, leading to low methylation level of senescence related proteins p53 and increase its expression, eventually result in cellar senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zibo Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
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9
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Salidroside Delays Cellular Senescence by Stimulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis Partly through a miR-22/SIRT-1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5276096. [PMID: 31612074 PMCID: PMC6757293 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5276096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is a nongenetic intervention with a robust effect on delaying aging in mammals and other organisms. A mild stimulation on mitochondrial biogenesis induced by CR seems to be an important action mode for its benefits. Here, we reported that a component isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., salidroside, delays replicative senescence in human fibroblasts, which is related to its stimulation on mitochondrial biogenesis by activating SIRT1 partly resulted from inhibition on miR-22. Salidroside increased the mitochondrial mass that accompanied an increment of the key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis including PGC-1α, NRF-1, and TFAM and reversed the mitochondrial dysfunction in presenescent 50PD cells, showing a comparable effect to that of resveratrol. SIRT1 is involved in the inducement of mitochondrial biogenesis by salidroside. The declined expression of SIRT1 in 50PD cells compared with the young 30PD cells was prevented upon salidroside treatment. In addition, pretreatment of EX-527, a selective SIRT1 inhibitor, could block the increased mitochondrial mass and decreased ROS production induced by salidroside in 50PD cells, resulting in an accelerated cellular senescence. We further found that salidroside reversed the elevated miR-22 expression in presenescent cells according to a miRNA array analysis and a subsequent qPCR validation. Enforced miR-22 expression by using a Pre-miR-22 lentiviral construct induced the young fibroblasts (30PD) into a senescence state, accompanied with increased senescence-related molecules including p53, p21, p16, and decreased SIRT1 expression, a known target of miR-22. However, salidroside could partly impede the senescence progression induced by lenti-Pre-miR-22. Taken together, our data suggest that salidroside delays replicative senescence by stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis partly through a miR22/SIRT1 pathway, which enriches our current knowledge of a salidroside-mediated postpone senility effect and provides a new perspective on the antidecrepitude function of this naturally occurring compound in animals and humans.
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10
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Sanaei M, Kavoosi F. Effect of 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine in Comparison to Valproic Acid and Trichostatin A on Histone Deacetylase 1, DNA Methyltransferase 1, and CIP/KIP Family (p21, p27, and p57) Genes Expression, Cell Growth Inhibition, and Apoptosis Induction in Colon Cancer SW480 Cell Line. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:52. [PMID: 31516890 PMCID: PMC6712896 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_91_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer initiation and progression depends on genetic and epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Hypermethylation and deacetylation of the CIP/KIP family (p21, p27, and p57) lead to tumorigenesis. Our previous study indicated that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) in comparison to valproic acid (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA) on HDAC1, DNMT1, and CIP/KIP family (p21, p27, and p57) genes expression, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in colon cancer SW480 cell line. Materials and Methods: The effect of the compounds on the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The expression of HDAC1, DNMT1, and CIP/KIP family (p21, p27, and p57) genes was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For the detection of cell apoptosis, apoptotic cells were examined by the Annexin V-FITC/PI detection kit. Results: The results of MTT assay indicated that 5-Aza-CdR, VPA, and TSA significantly inhibited cell growth (P < 0.002, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The results of real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that all compounds significantly down-regulated DNMT1 and HDAC1, and up-regulated p21, p27, and p57 genes expression. The result of flow cytometry assay revealed that all agents induced apoptosis significantly. Conclusion: 5-Aza-CdR, VPA, and TSA can significantly downregulate DNMT1 and HDAC1 and up-regulate p21, p27, and p57 genes expression through which enhance cell apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars Province, Iran
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars Province, Iran
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11
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Moussa RS, Park KC, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Ironing out the role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 in cancer: Novel iron chelating agents to target p21 expression and activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:276-294. [PMID: 29572098 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) has become an important target for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics with a number of Fe chelators entering human clinical trials for advanced and resistant cancer. An important aspect of the activity of these compounds is their multiple molecular targets, including those that play roles in arresting the cell cycle, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. At present, the exact mechanism by which Fe chelators regulate p21 expression remains unclear. However, recent studies indicate the ability of chelators to up-regulate p21 at the mRNA level was dependent on the chelator and cell-type investigated. Analysis of the p21 promoter identified that the Sp1-3-binding site played a significant role in the activation of p21 transcription by Fe chelators. Furthermore, there was increased Sp1/ER-α and Sp1/c-Jun complex formation in melanoma cells, suggesting these complexes were involved in p21 promoter activation. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the regulation of p21 expression in response to Fe chelator treatment in neoplastic cells will further clarify how these agents achieve their anti-tumor activity. It will also enhance our understanding of the complex roles p21 may play in neoplastic cells and lead to the development of more effective and specific anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan S Moussa
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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12
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Zhou W, Parasrampuria DA, Nemat S, Nakahara S, Poggesi I, Massarella J, Zhang L, Appiani C. Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Decitabine in Pediatric Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 59:668-676. [PMID: 30536675 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dacogen, the formulated product of the pharmaceutically active agent decitabine (5 aza-2'-deoxycytidine), is approved for treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The current analysis was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of decitabine in pediatric patients with AML and evaluate their consistency with the PK in adult patients. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed by pooling decitabine concentration-time data from 5 adult (AML and MDS) and 2 pediatric (AML) studies. A total of 840 concentration-time data points obtained from 71 adults and 28 pediatric subjects (1 to 16 years old) were available for analysis. A 2-compartment linear pharmacokinetic (PK) model with allometric scaling using body surface area accounting for body size adequately described the PK of decitabine. After accounting for body size, decitabine pharmacokinetics were not affected by age, sex, race, dosing regimen, renal function (creatinine clearance), bilirubin, or disease type (AML or MDS) and all PK parameters (including clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, maximum concentration, time to reach maximal concentration, and terminal half-life) were comparable between adult and pediatric patients. Simulated concentration-time profiles using the final population PK model suggested that decitabine exposure at steady state was similar in adults and pediatrics for a 20 mg/m2 decitabine dose administered as a 1-hour infusion once daily. The current analysis suggests that decitabine PK is similar in pediatric AML patients and a combined adult AML and MDS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangda Zhou
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Sepideh Nemat
- Established Products, Janssen Research & Development UK, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Susumu Nakahara
- Established Products, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Italo Poggesi
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, Cologno Monzese, Italy
| | - Joseph Massarella
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Liping Zhang
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Appiani
- Established Products, Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
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13
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Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Cells in Natural Aging and Premature Aging Diseases. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120268. [PMID: 30545089 PMCID: PMC6315602 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin undergoes continuous renewal throughout an individual’s lifetime relying on stem cell functionality. However, a decline of the skin regenerative potential occurs with age. The accumulation of senescent cells over time probably reduces tissue regeneration and contributes to skin aging. Keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts undergo senescence in response to several intrinsic or extrinsic stresses, including telomere shortening, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, diet, and sunlight exposure. Epigenetic mechanisms directly regulate skin homeostasis and regeneration, but they also mark cell senescence and the natural and pathological aging processes. Progeroid syndromes represent a group of clinical and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by the accelerated aging of various tissues and organs, including skin. Skin cells from progeroid patients display molecular hallmarks that mimic those associated with naturally occurring aging. Thus, investigations on progeroid syndromes strongly contribute to disclose the causal mechanisms that underlie the aging process. In the present review, we discuss the role of epigenetic pathways in skin cell regulation during physiologic and premature aging.
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14
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Wang LL, Guo HH, Zhan Y, Feng CL, Huang S, Han YX, Zheng WS, Jiang JD. Specific up-regulation of p21 by a small active RNA sequence suppresses human colorectal cancer growth. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25055-25065. [PMID: 28445988 PMCID: PMC5421909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The double stranded small active RNA (saRNA)- p21-saRNA-322 inhibits tumor growth by stimulating the p21 gene expression. We focused our research of p21-saRNA-322 on colorectal cancer because 1) p21 down-regulation is a signature abnormality of the cancer, and 2) colorectal cancer might be a suitable target for in situ p21-saRNA-322 delivery. The goal of the present study is to learn the activity of p21-saRNA-322 in colorectal cancer. Three human colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT-116, HCT-116 (p53–/−) and HT-29 were transfected with the p21-saRNA-322. The expression of P21 protein and p21 mRNA were measured using the Western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effect of p21-saRNA-322 on cancer cells was evaluated in vitro; and furthermore, a xenograft colorectal tumor mode in mice was established to estimate the tumor suppressing ability of p21-saRNA-322 in vivo. The results showed that in all three colorectal cancer cell lines, the expression of p21 mRNA and P21 protein were dramatically elevated after p21-saRNA-322 transfection. Transfection of p21-saRNA-322 caused apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1. Furthermore, anti-proliferation effect, reduction of colonies formation and cell senescence were observed in p21-saRNA-322 treated cells. Animal studies showed that p21-saRNA-322 treatment significantly inhibited the HT-29 tumor growth and facilitated p21 activation in vivo. These results indicated that, p21-saRNA-322-induceded up-regulation of p21 might be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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15
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Liu L, Zhang P, Guo H, Tang X, Liu L, Li J, Guo R, Cai Y, Liu Y, Li Y. Co‑expression of murine double minute 2 siRNA and wild‑type p53 induces G1 cell cycle arrest in H1299 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9137-9142. [PMID: 29039579 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic options available for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer have increased over the past decade. Small molecule gene therapy has emerged as an effective therapy for the treatment of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo although it has not been tested in a clinical setting. In particular, therapies that target the negative feedback loop between p53 and murine double minute 2 (MDM2) provide a favorable outcome by maintaining activation of the tumor suppressor gene p53. The present study used transfection to simultaneously knockdown MDM2 expression using small interfering (si)RNA, and overexpress wild‑type p53 in H1299 cells. The effects of transfection on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were determined using an MTT assay and flow cytometry, and the effects on mRNA and protein expression were determined by western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that simultaneously knocking down MDM2 and overexpressing p53 was able to inhibit proliferation and induce G1 cell cycle arrest in H1299 cells, compared with either alone. These findings indicated that the si‑MDM2‑p53 co‑expression plasmid may induce cell cycle arrest, and may be considered a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lianqin Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiuling Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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16
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Xu S, Zhang B, Zhu Y, Huang H, Yang W, Huang H, Zheng HL, Liu X. miR-194 functions as a novel modulator of cellular senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:249-257. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Xu
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Haijiao Huang
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Wenping Yang
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Huang
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Hui-ling Zheng
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
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17
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Jung HJ, Byun HO, Jee BA, Min S, Jeoun UW, Lee YK, Seo Y, Woo HG, Yoon G. The Ubiquitin-like with PHD and Ring Finger Domains 1 (UHRF1)/DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) Axis Is a Primary Regulator of Cell Senescence. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3729-3739. [PMID: 28100769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.750539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As senescence develops, cells sequentially acquire diverse senescent phenotypes along with simultaneous multistage gene reprogramming. It remains unclear what acts as the key regulator of the collective changes in gene expression at initiation of senescent reprogramming. Here we analyzed time series gene expression profiles obtained in two different senescence models in human diploid fibroblasts: replicative senescence and H2O2-induced senescence. Our results demonstrate that suppression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-mediated DNA methylation activity was an initial event prior to the display of senescent phenotypes. We identified seven DNMT1-interacting proteins, ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1), EZH2, CHEK1, SUV39H1, CBX5, PARP1, and HELLS (also known as LSH (lymphoid-specific helicase) 1), as being commonly down-regulated at the same time point as DNMT1 in both senescence models. Knockdown experiments revealed that, among the DNMT1-interacting proteins, only UHRF1 knockdown suppressed DNMT1 transcription. However, UHRF1 overexpression alone did not induce DNMT1 expression, indicating that UHRF1 was essential but not sufficient for DNMT1 transcription. Although UHRF1 knockdown effectively induced senescence, this was significantly attenuated by DNMT1 overexpression, clearly implicating the UHRF1/DNMT1 axis in senescence. Bioinformatics analysis further identified WNT5A as a downstream effector of UHRF1/DNMT1-mediated senescence. Senescence-associated hypomethylation was found at base pairs -1569 to -1363 from the transcription start site of the WNT5A gene in senescent human diploid fibroblasts. As expected, WNT5A overexpression induced senescent phenotypes. Overall, our results indicate that decreased UHRF1 expression is a key initial event in the suppression of DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation and in the consequent induction of senescence via increasing WNT5A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Jung
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea and
| | - Hae-Ok Byun
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Byul A Jee
- Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea and.,Physiology, and
| | - Seongki Min
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea and
| | - Un-Woo Jeoun
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea and
| | - Young-Kyoung Lee
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea and
| | - Yonghak Seo
- the Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea and .,Physiology, and
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, .,Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea and
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18
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Moulin L, Cenizo V, Antu AN, André V, Pain S, Sommer P, Debret R. Methylation of LOXL1 Promoter by DNMT3A in Aged Human Skin Fibroblasts. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 20:103-110. [PMID: 27396912 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) is an amino-oxidase involved in maturation of elastic fibers. Its downregulation has been associated with elastic fibers repair loss in aging aorta, lung, ligament, and skin. Several evidences of LOXL1 epigenetic silencing by promoter methylation were reported in cancer and cutis laxa syndrome. We hypothesized that this mechanism could be implicated in skin aging process, as far as elastic fibers are also concerned. Anti-DNMT3A chromatin immunoprecipitation was conducted with nuclear extracts from skin fibroblasts isolated from young and elderly individuals, and showed a higher level of DNMT3A protein binding to the LOXL1 promoter in older cells concomitantly to the decrease of LOXL1 mRNA expression and the increase of LOXL1 promoter methylation. Using luciferase reporter assay driven by LOXL1 promoter in HEK293 cells, we demonstrated that LOXL1 transcriptional activity was dramatically reduced when a recombinant DNMT3A was concomitantly overexpressed. LOXL1 promoter transcriptional activity was restored in the presence of a broad-spectrum inhibitor of DNMT activity, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Finally, to assess whether the interplay between DNMT3A and LOXL1 promoter could be targeted to increase LOXL1 mRNA expression level, an Origanum majorana extract was selected among 43 plant extracts as a new inhibitor of human DNMT3A activity to restore LOXL1 secretion without cytotoxicity in aged skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Moulin
- 1 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305, CNRS, University Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
| | | | - Alengo Nyamay Antu
- 1 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305, CNRS, University Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
| | - Valérie André
- 2 BASF-Beauty Care Solutions France SAS , Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Pain
- 2 BASF-Beauty Care Solutions France SAS , Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Sommer
- 1 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305, CNRS, University Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
| | - Romain Debret
- 1 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305, CNRS, University Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
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19
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Blanc RS, Vogel G, Chen T, Crist C, Richard S. PRMT7 Preserves Satellite Cell Regenerative Capacity. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1528-1539. [PMID: 26854227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the continued presence of quiescent muscle stem cells (satellite cells), which become activated in response to injury. Here, we report that whole-body protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT7(-/-) adult mice and mice conditionally lacking PRMT7 in satellite cells using Pax7-CreERT2 both display a significant reduction in satellite cell function, leading to defects in regenerative capacity upon muscle injury. We show that PRMT7 is preferentially expressed in activated satellite cells and, interestingly, PRMT7-deficient satellite cells undergo cell-cycle arrest and premature cellular senescence. These defects underlie poor satellite cell stem cell capacity to regenerate muscle and self-renew after injury. PRMT7-deficient satellite cells express elevated levels of the CDK inhibitor p21CIP1 and low levels of its repressor, DNMT3b. Restoration of DNMT3b in PRMT7-deficient cells rescues PRMT7-mediated senescence. Our findings define PRMT7 as a regulator of the DNMT3b/p21 axis required to maintain muscle stem cell regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roméo Sébastien Blanc
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Gillian Vogel
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Taiping Chen
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Colin Crist
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
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20
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Chilosi M, Facchetti F, Caliò A, Zamò A, Brunelli M, Martignoni G, Rossi A, Montagna L, Piccoli P, Dubini A, Tironi A, Tomassetti S, Poletti V, Doglioni C. Oncogene-induced senescence distinguishes indolent from aggressive forms of pulmonary and non-pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2620-6. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.887713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Brescia,
Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Caliò
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Zamò
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Pulmonary Division, Verona General Hospital,
Verona, Italy
| | - Licia Montagna
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Piccoli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dubini
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, GB Morgagni Hospital,
Forlì, Italy
| | - Andrea Tironi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Brescia,
Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Tomassetti
- Department of Diseases of the Thorax, GB Morgagni Hospital,
Forlì, Italy
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Department of Diseases of the Thorax, GB Morgagni Hospital,
Forlì, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Histopathology, San Raffaele Hospital,
Milan, Italy
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21
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Jiang JX, Aitken KJ, Sotiropolous C, Kirwan T, Panchal T, Zhang N, Pu S, Wodak S, Tolg C, Bägli DJ. Phenotypic switching induced by damaged matrix is associated with DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) activity and nuclear localization in smooth muscle cells (SMC). PLoS One 2013; 8:e69089. [PMID: 24282625 PMCID: PMC3735580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix changes are often crucial inciting events for fibroproliferative disease. Epigenetic changes, specifically DNA methylation, are critical factors underlying differentiated phenotypes. We examined the dependency of matrix-induced fibroproliferation and SMC phenotype on DNA methyltransferases. The cooperativity of matrix with growth factors, cell density and hypoxia was also examined. Primary rat visceral SMC of early passage (0–2) were plated on native collagen or damaged/heat-denatured collagen. Hypoxia was induced with 3% O2 (balanced 5% CO2 and 95% N2) over 48 hours. Inhibitors were applied 2–3 hours after cells were plated on matrix, or immediately before hypoxia. Cells were fixed and stained for DNMT3A and smooth muscle actin (SMA) or smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Illumina 450 K array of CpG sites was performed on bisulfite-converted DNA from smooth muscle cells on damaged matrix vs native collagen. Matrix exquisitely regulates DNMT3A localization and expression, and influences differentiation in SMCs exposed to denatured matrix +/− hypoxia. Analysis of DNA methylation signatures showed that Matrix caused significant DNA methylation alterations in a discrete number of CpG sites proximal to genes related to SMC differentiation. Matrix has a profound effect on the regulation of SMC phenotype, which is associated with altered expression, localization of DNMTs and discrete changes DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Jiang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen J. Aitken
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris Sotiropolous
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Kirwan
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trupti Panchal
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuye Pu
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shoshana Wodak
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cornelia Tolg
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darius J. Bägli
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Thomas X, Heiblig M, Bozzoli V, Elhamri M. Decitabine for the treatment of adult patients (age ≥65 years) with newly diagnosed de novoor secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.13.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
>SUMMARY Decitabine is a deoxynucleoside analogue of cytidine. Its use for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been recently refined. It selectively inhibits DNA methyltransferases when administered at a dose of 20 mg/m2by a 1-h intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive days of a 4-week cycle in the AML study. This schedule has recently been approved by the EMA as a well-tolerated alternative treatment to cytarabine or supportive care in patients aged ≥65 years with de novo or secondary AML who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Thomas
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hematology Department, Pavillon Marcel Bérard, Bat.1G, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mael Heiblig
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hematology Department, Pavillon Marcel Bérard, Bat.1G, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Valentina Bozzoli
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hematology Department, Pavillon Marcel Bérard, Bat.1G, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mohamed Elhamri
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hematology Department, Pavillon Marcel Bérard, Bat.1G, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Shao G, Zhang R, Zhang S, Jiang S, Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li J, Gong K, Gong K, Hu XR, Jiang SW. Splice variants DNMT3B4 and DNMT3B7 overexpression inhibit cell proliferation in 293A cell line. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:386-94. [PMID: 23636939 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) is critical in abnormal DNA methylation patterns in cancer cells. Nearly 40 alternatively spliced variants of DNMT3B have been reported. DNMT3B4 and DNMT3B7 are two kinds of splice variants of DNMT3B lacking the conserved methyltransferase motif. In this study, the effect of inactivation of DNMT3B variants, DNMT3B4 and DNMT3B7, on cell proliferation was assessed. pCMV-DNMT3B4 and pCMV-DNMT3B7 recombinant plasmids were developed and stably transfected into 293A cells. 293A cells transfected with plasmid pCMV-DNMT3B4 or pCMV-2B were then treated with G418 to the stable cell lines. After that, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method was used for testing the proliferation level, and flow cytometry was used to test cell cycle distribution of the cell line. The expression of p21 was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. The methylation status of p21 promoter was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR). It was found that DNMT3B4 and DNMT3B7 overexpression could inhibit cell proliferation and increase the expression of p21. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that inactivation of DNMT3B variants overexpression inhibited cell cycle progression. Inactivation of DNMT3B variants overexpression facilitated p21 expression to delay 293A cell proliferation. These findings indicate that inactivation of DNMT3B variants might play an important role in cell proliferation correlating with the change of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Shao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Guo JQ, Gao X, Lin ZJ, Wu WZ, Huang LH, Dong HY, Chen J, Lu J, Fu YF, Wang J, Ma YJ, Chen XW, Wu ZX, He FQ, Yang SL, Liao LM, Zheng F, Tan JM. BMSCs reduce rat granulosa cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin and perimenopause. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:18. [PMID: 23510080 PMCID: PMC3640998 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) in rats. BMSCs and GCs were isolated from rats. GCs were separated into one of the following three groups: an untreated control group (control), a cisplatin (5 mg/L) treatment group (cisplatin), and group co-cultured with BMSCs and treated with cisplatin (BMSC). GC apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V staining and real-time PCR analysis for apoptosis-related genes. The effect of BMSCs was also determined in 9 to 10 month-old perimenopausal rats that were separated into the following groups: saline control, BMSC transplantation (1–2 × 106 cells), and estrogen treatment (0.158 mg/kg/d) groups. A young group consisting of 3 to 4 month-old rats that were treated with saline was also evaluated as a control. After 1 and 3 months, GC apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL analysis. Results Cisplatin increased GC apoptosis from 0.59% to 13.04% in the control and cisplatin treatment groups, respectively, which was significantly reduced upon co-culture with BMSCs to 4.84%. Cisplatin treatment increased p21 and bax and decreased c-myc mRNA expression, which was reversed upon co-culture with BMSCs. As compared to young rats, increased apoptosis was observed in the perimenopausal rats (P < 0.001). After 3 months, the apoptosis rate in the BMSC group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.007). Conclusions BMSC therapy may protect against GC apoptosis induced by cisplatin and perimenopause. Further studies are necessary to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs.
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HBP1-mediated transcriptional regulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 and its impact on cell senescence. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 33:887-903. [PMID: 23249948 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00637-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is associated with diverse biological activities, including cell proliferation, senescence, and cancer development. In this study, we demonstrated that the HMG box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) transcription factor is a new repressor of DNMT1 in a complex mechanism during senescence. The DNMT1 gene contains an HBP1-binding site at bp -115 to -134 from the transcriptional start site. HBP1 repressed the endogenous DNMT1 gene through sequence-specific binding, resulting in both gene-specific (e.g., p16(INK4)) and global DNA hypomethylation changes. The HBP1-mediated repression by DNMT1 contributed to replicative and premature senescence, the latter of which could be induced by Ras and HBP1 itself. A detailed investigation unexpectedly revealed that HBP1 has dual and complex transcriptional functions, both of which contribute to premature senescence. HBP1 both repressed the DNMT1 gene and activated the p16 gene in premature senescence. The opposite transcriptional functions proceeded through different DNA sequences and differential protein acetylation. While intricate, the reciprocal partnership between HBP1 and DNMT1 has exceptional importance, since its abrogation compromises senescence and promotes tumorigenesis. Together, our results suggest that the HBP1 transcription factor orchestrates a complex regulation of key genes during cellular senescence, with an impact on overall DNA methylation state.
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Dang J, Bian YQ, Sun JY, Chen F, Dong GY, Liu Q, Wang XW, Kjems J, Gao S, Wang QT. MicroRNA-137 promoter methylation in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:315-21. [PMID: 23121285 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common oral mucosal disease, which is generally considered a potentially malignant lesion. To identify efficiently prognostic biomarker, we investigated the microRNA-137 (miR-137) promoter methylation in OLP and compared with the samples from healthy volunteers and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 20 OLP and 12 patients with OSCC as well as 10 healthy subjects were subjected to miR-137 promoter methylation analysis using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). To address the malignancy prediction potential from miR-137 promoter methylation status, methylation of the p16 gene, a well-known tumor suppressor, was investigated in the same samples. The p16 methylation and miR-137 promoter methylation were found to be 25% and 35% in patients with OLP, 50% and 58.3% in patients with OSCC, and 0% and 0% in healthy subjects, respectively. The differences between miR-137 and p16 methylation levels were statistically significant between healthy controls and patients. Methylation levels of the two promoters were also influenced by age, gender, and lesion duration. Interestingly, aberrant promoter methylation of the p16 and miR-137 genes was only found in the epithelium but not in the connective tissue from patients with OLP. This raises the possibility to use miR-137 methylation as a biomarker for malignant prediction in patients with OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Melanogenesis stimulation in B16-F10 melanoma cells induces cell cycle alterations, increased ROS levels and a differential expression of proteins as revealed by proteomic analysis. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1913-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gilbert KM, Nelson AR, Cooney CA, Reisfeld B, Blossom SJ. Epigenetic alterations may regulate temporary reversal of CD4(+) T cell activation caused by trichloroethylene exposure. Toxicol Sci 2012; 127:169-78. [PMID: 22407948 PMCID: PMC3327872 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that short-term (4 weeks) or chronic (32 weeks) exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) in drinking water of female MRL+/+ mice generated CD4(+) T cells that secreted increased levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and expressed an activated (CD44(hi)CD62L(lo)) phenotype. In contrast, the current study of subchronic TCE exposure showed that midway in the disease process both of these parameters of CD4(+) T cell activation were reversed. This phase of the disease process may represent an attempt by the body to counteract the inflammatory effects of TCE. The decrease in CD4(+) T cell production of IFN-γ following subchronic TCE exposure could not be attributed to skewing toward a Th2 or Th17 phenotype or to an increase in Treg cells. Instead, the suppression corresponded to alterations in markers used to assess DNA methylation, namely increased expression of retrotransposons Iap (intracisternal A particle) and Muerv (murine endogenous retrovirus). Also observed was an increase in the expression of Dnmt1 (DNA methyltransferase-1) and decreased expression of several genes known to be downregulated by DNA methylation, namely Ifng, Il2, and Cdkn1a. CD4(+) T cells from a second study in which MRL+/+ mice were treated for 17 weeks with TCE showed a similar increase in Iap and decrease in Cdkn1a. In addition, DNA collected from the CD4(+) T cells in the second study showed TCE-decreased global DNA methylation. Thus, these results described the biphasic nature of TCE-induced alterations in CD4(+) T cell function and suggested that these changes represented potentially reversible alterations in epigenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Gilbert
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA.
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Weiland T, Berger A, Essmann F, Lauer UM, Bitzer M, Venturelli S. Kinetic tracking of therapy-induced senescence using the real-time cell analyzer single plate system. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2011; 10:289-95. [PMID: 22192307 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2011.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, terminal growth arrest, that is, senescence, especially therapy-induced senescence (TIS), has become a major subject in cancer research and several fields of life sciences. Senescence is characterized by a specific set of morphological and biochemical changes. However, methods that evidence senescence induction are still very limited and show large variation between individual examiners. Most notably, these assays are classical endpoint assays, and, therefore, screening for senescence is time consuming and expensive. Here, we describe an efficient, simple, and objective method to screen for TIS over time by modifying the Real-Time Cell Analyzer SP system, thus enabling to pin point the induction of senescence. This method continuously detects the cell's impedance in each well of a 96-microwell plate that allows to observe increment of cell size, a hallmark feature of cellular senescence. This technique is suitable for high-throughput TIS screening by measuring several compounds, small molecules, and/or cell lines simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Weiland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Clinic, Tuebingen, Germany
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30
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Tsai WC, Chang HN, Yu TY, Chien CH, Fu LF, Liang FC, Pang JHS. Decreased proliferation of aging tenocytes is associated with down-regulation of cellular senescence-inhibited gene and up-regulation of p27. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:1598-603. [PMID: 21452304 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Symptomatic tendinopathy tends to be age-related. However, the molecular mechanisms of ageing and its effects on tenocyte proliferation and cell cycle progression are unknown. We examined tenocytes from Achilles tendons in rats from three age groups (young, 2 months; middle-aged, 12 months, and near senescence, 24 months). Tenocyte proliferation was assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) staining was performed in all groups of tenocytes. mRNA and protein expression of cellular senescence-inhibited gene (CSIG) and p27 was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The results of MTT assay revealed that tenocyte proliferation decreased with age (p < 0.05). Cell cycle progression was arrested at G0/G1 phase in senescent tenocytes. More senescent tenocytes expressed SA β-gal than young tenocytes did. By RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, the gene and protein expression of CSIG was found to be down-regulated, whereas that of p27 was up-regulated with age. In conclusion, the proliferation of tenocytes declines with age and is associated with the down-regulation of CSIG and up-regulation of p27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
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31
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Nuñez F, Bravo S, Cruzat F, Montecino M, De Ferrari GV. Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhances cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) transcriptional activity in gastric cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18562. [PMID: 21494638 PMCID: PMC3071840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX2) is one of the main characteristics of gastric cancer (GC), which is a leading cause of death in the world, particularly in Asia and South America. Although the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been involved in the transcriptional activation of the COX2 gene, the precise mechanism modulating this response is still unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we studied the transcriptional regulation of the COX2 gene in GC cell lines and assessed whether this phenomenon is modulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We first examined the expression of COX2 mRNA in GC cells and found that there is a differential expression pattern consistent with high levels of nuclear-localized β-catenin. Pharmacological treatment with either lithium or valproic acid and molecular induction with purified canonical Wnt3a significantly enhanced COX2 mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Serial deletion of a 1.6 Kbp COX2 promoter fragment and gain- or loss-of-function experiments allowed us to identify a minimal Wnt/β-catenin responsive region consisting of 0.8 Kbp of the COX2 promoter (pCOX2-0.8), which showed maximal response in gene-reporter assays. The activity of this pCOX2-0.8 promoter region was further confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and DNA-protein binding assays. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that the pCOX2-0.8 minimal promoter contains a novel functional T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF)-response element (TBE Site II; -689/-684) that responds directly to enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling and which may be important for the onset/progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Nuñez
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación para el Cáncer (CTI-Cáncer), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Soraya Bravo
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación para el Cáncer (CTI-Cáncer), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fernando Cruzat
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación para el Cáncer (CTI-Cáncer), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martín Montecino
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación para el Cáncer (CTI-Cáncer), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giancarlo V. De Ferrari
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación para el Cáncer (CTI-Cáncer), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Niu J, Chen T, Han L, Wang P, Li N, Tong T. Transcriptional activation of the senescence regulator Lsh by E2F1. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:180-6. [PMID: 21453717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lsh, a protein related to the SNF2 family of chromatin-remodeling ATPases, is a major epigenetic regulator that is essential for DNA methylation and histone acetylation at repetitive elements. Lsh represses endogenous p16(INK4a) expression by recruiting HDAC to the p16(INK4a) promoter, which in turn delays cell senescence. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern loss of Lsh expression during cellular senescence have yet to be elucidated. Here we investigate the transcriptional regulation of the human Lsh promoter. We find that the minimal Lsh promoter is located between positions -216 and -119 relative to the transcription start site, and contains two putative E2F binding sites. Ectopic E2F1 increases expression of Lsh at both transcriptional and translational levels. E2F1 physically interacts with the Lsh promoter by binding to each of the two putative binding sites and transactivates the Lsh promoter. E2F1 also induces Lsh protein expression and transactivates the Lsh promoter in 2BS cells. At the same time, E2F1-induced Lsh promoter activity is reduced in senescent cells compared to young cells. These results indicate that E2F1 plays a crucial role in transcriptional control of the human Lsh gene and the decrease of Lsh expression in senescent cells is related to the repression of E2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Niu
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
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Ji K, Wang B, Shao YT, Zhang L, Liu YN, Shao C, Li XJ, Li X, Hu JD, Zhao XJ, Xu DQ, Li Y, Cai L. Synergistic Suppression of Prostatic Cancer Cells by Coexpression of BothMurine Double Minute 2Small Interfering RNA and Wild-Typep53Gene In Vitro and In Vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:173-83. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.180364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Huang Y, Wu J, Li R, Wang P, Han L, Zhang Z, Tong T. B-MYB delays cell aging by repressing p16 (INK4α) transcription. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:893-901. [PMID: 20734103 PMCID: PMC11115146 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
p16 ( INK4α ), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6, has been proposed to play an important role in cellular aging and in premature senescence. The expression of the p16 ( INK4α ) is primarily under transcriptional control. Our previous data showed that a negative regulation element lies in its promoter. In that element, a MYB-binding site (MBS) was uncovered by transcription analysis. Here, we report that MBS is a negative regulation element and B-MYB binds to this site in vivo. In human embryonic lung fibroblast cells, B-MYB downregulated p16 ( INK4α ) expression, whereas knocking down of B-MYB upregulated it. Evidence also showed that overexpression of B-MYB in cells could increase the number of utmost passage and decrease G1 block, whereas knocking down of B-MYB could impair their replicative ability. This study provides evidence of the capacity of B-MYB not only to regulate p16 ( INK4α ) expression but also the phenotypic consequence on cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renzhong Li
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limin Han
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongyu Zhang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Brodská B, Otevřelová P, Holoubek A. Decitabine-induced apoptosis is derived by Puma and Noxa induction in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line as well as in PBL and is potentiated by SAHA. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 350:71-80. [PMID: 21153863 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of cellular apoptotic pathways plays a crucial role in cancer therapy strategies. In a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs, epigenetic effectors are in the center of interest mostly because of potential reversibility of their action. Methylation status of the cells is influenced by methyltransferase inhibitor 2-deoxy-5'-azacytidine (decitabine, DAC), but higher concentrations of this agent cause a DNA-damage. In our study, tumor supressor p53-apoptotic pathway was activated in decitabine-induced cell death. Expression of p53-inducible BH3-only apoptotic proteins Puma and Noxa was elevated and large activation of executive caspases was observed. The extent of acetylation in the cell is affected by histonedeacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). Combination of SAHA with decitabine brought synergistic effect on apoptosis triggering in CML-T1 cell line, but apoptosis as well as necrosis occurred also in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Therefore, promising potential of such combined therapy calls for more detailed investigation of unwanted effects in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Brodská
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by anti-cardiac myosin heavy chain antibodies in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:582-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The LARGE principle of cellular reprogramming: lost, acquired and retained gene expression in foreskin and amniotic fluid-derived human iPS cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13703. [PMID: 21060825 PMCID: PMC2966395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) are routinely obtained for prenatal diagnostics procedures. Recently, it has been illustrated that these cells may also serve as a valuable model system to study developmental processes and for application in regenerative therapies. Cellular reprogramming is a means of assigning greater value to primary AFCs by inducing self-renewal and pluripotency and, thus, bypassing senescence. Here, we report the generation and characterization of human amniotic fluid-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (AFiPSCs) and demonstrate their ability to differentiate into the trophoblast lineage after stimulation with BMP2/BMP4. We further carried out comparative transcriptome analyses of primary human AFCs, AFiPSCs, fibroblast-derived iPSCs (FiPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This revealed that the expression of key senescence-associated genes are down-regulated upon the induction of pluripotency in primary AFCs (AFiPSCs). By defining distinct and overlapping gene expression patterns and deriving the LARGE (Lost, Acquired and Retained Gene Expression) Principle of Cellular Reprogramming, we could further highlight that AFiPSCs, FiPSCs and ESCs share a core self-renewal gene regulatory network driven by OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. Nevertheless, these cell types are marked by distinct gene expression signatures. For example, expression of the transcription factors, SIX6, EGR2, PKNOX2, HOXD4, HOXD10, DLX5 and RAXL1, known to regulate developmental processes, are retained in AFiPSCs and FiPSCs. Surprisingly, expression of the self-renewal-associated gene PRDM14 or the developmental processes-regulating genes WNT3A and GSC are restricted to ESCs. Implications of this, with respect to the stability of the undifferentiated state and long-term differentiation potential of iPSCs, warrant further studies.
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a specialized form of growth arrest, confined to mitotic cells, induced by various stressful stimuli and characterized by a permanent growth arrest, resistance to apoptosis, an altered pattern of gene expression and the expression of some markers that are characteristic, although not exclusive, to the senescent state. Senescent cells profoundly modify neighboring and remote cells through the production of an altered secretome, eventually leading to inflammation, fibrosis and possibly growth of neoplastic cells. Mammalian aging has been defined as a reduction in the capacity to adequately maintain tissue homeostasis or to repair tissues after injury. Tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity are nowadays considered to be related to the stem cell pool present in every tissue. For this reason, pathological and patho-physiological conditions characterized by altered tissue homeostasis and impaired regenerative capacity can be viewed as a consequence of the reduction in stem cell number and/or function. Last, cellular senescence is a double-edged sword, since it may inhibit the growth of transformed cells, preventing the occurrence of cancer, while it may facilitate growth of preneoplastic lesions in a paracrine fashion; therefore, interventions targeting this cell response to stress may have a profound impact on many age-related pathologies, ranging from cardiovascular disease to oncology. Aim of this review is to discuss both molecular mechanisms associated with stem cell senescence and interventions that may attenuate or reverse this process.
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Avraham T, Yan A, Zampell JC, Daluvoy SV, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Cordeiro AP, Mehrara BJ. Radiation therapy causes loss of dermal lymphatic vessels and interferes with lymphatic function by TGF-beta1-mediated tissue fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C589-605. [PMID: 20519446 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00535.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although radiation therapy is a major risk factor for the development of lymphedema following lymphadenectomy, the mechanisms responsible for this effect remain unknown. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effects of radiation on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and lymphatic function. The tails of wild-type or acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-deficient mice were treated with 0, 15, or 30 Gy of radiation and then analyzed for LEC apoptosis and lymphatic function at various time points. To analyze the effects of radiation fibrosis on lymphatic function, we determined the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 blockade after radiation in vivo. Finally, we determined the effects of radiation and exogenous TGF-beta1 on LECs in vitro. Radiation caused mild edema that resolved after 12-24 wk. Interestingly, despite resolution of tail edema, irradiated animals displayed persistent lymphatic dysfunction. Radiation caused loss of capillary lymphatics and was associated with a dose-dependent increase in LEC apoptosis. ASM-/- mice had significantly less LEC apoptosis; however, this finding did not translate to improved lymphatic function at later time points. Short-term blockade of TGF-beta1 function after radiation markedly decreased tissue fibrosis and significantly improved lymphatic function but did not alter LEC apoptosis. Radiation therapy decreases lymphatic reserve by causing depletion of lymphatic vessels and LECs as well as promoting soft tissue fibrosis. Short-term inhibition of TGF-beta1 activity following radiation improves lymphatic function and is associated with decreased soft tissue fibrosis. ASM deficiency confers LEC protection from radiation-induced apoptosis but does not prevent lymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avraham
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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SU Y, WANG X, ZHU WG. [DNA methyltransferases: the role in regulation of gene expression and biological processes]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2009; 31:1087-93. [PMID: 19933088 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both hitone modification and DNA methylation remodulate chromatin structure and control gene expression or silence. As a main enzyme for DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) is not only associated with DNA methylation, but also links to many important biological activities, including cell proliferation, senescence and cancer development. This review focuses on structure, regulation and function in biological processes of Dnmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu SU
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Induction of Foxp3 demethylation increases regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells and prevents the occurrence of diabetes in mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009; 87:1191-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 08/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fiorentino FP, Symonds CE, Macaluso M, Giordano A. Senescence and p130/Rbl2: a new beginning to the end. Cell Res 2009; 19:1044-51. [PMID: 19668264 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2009.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the process of cellular aging dependent on the normal physiological functions of non-immortalized cells. With increasing data being uncovered in this field, the complex molecular web regulating senescence is gradually being unraveled. Recent studies have suggested two main phases of senescence, the triggering of senescence and the maintenance of senescence. Each has been supported by data implying precise roles for DNA methyltransferases, reactive oxygen species and other factors. We will first summarize the data supporting these claims and then highlight the specific role that we hypothesize that p130/Rbl2 plays in the modulation of the senescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco P Fiorentino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Regional Reference Center for the Biomolecular Characterization and Genetic Screening of Hereditary Tumors, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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Widodo N, Shah N, Priyandoko D, Ishii T, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Deceleration of Senescence in Normal Human Fibroblasts by Withanone Extracted From Ashwagandha Leaves. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:1031-8. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zhou R, Han L, Li G, Tong T. Senescence delay and repression of p16INK4a by Lsh via recruitment of histone deacetylases in human diploid fibroblasts. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:5183-96. [PMID: 19561196 PMCID: PMC2731912 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid specific helicase (Lsh) belongs to the family of SNF2/helicases. Disruption of Lsh leads to developmental growth retardation and premature aging in mice. However, the specific effect of Lsh on human cellular senescence remains unknown. Herein, we report that Lsh overexpression delays cell senescence by silencing p16INK4a in human fibroblasts. The patterns of p16INK4a and Lsh expression during cell senescence present the inverse correlation. We also find that Lsh requires histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity to repress p16INK4a and treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) is sufficient to block the repressor effect of Lsh. Moreover, overexpression of Lsh is correlated with deacetylation of histone H3 at the p16 promoter, and TSA treatment in Lsh-expressing cells reverses the acetylation status of histones. Additionally, we demonstrate an interaction between Lsh, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Lsh interacts in vivo with the p16 promoter and recruits HDAC1. Our data suggest that Lsh represses endogenous p16INK4a expression by recruiting HDAC to establish a repressive chromatin structure at the p16INK4a promoter, which in turn delays cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center on Aging, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Sesselmann S, Söder S, Voigt R, Haag J, Grogan SP, Aigner T. DNA methylation is not responsible for p21WAF1/CIP1 down-regulation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:507-12. [PMID: 18954998 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we were interested in the overall methylation level in aged and degenerated cartilage. Also, we looked at one gene which might be involved in the re-initiation of replicative activity in osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes, p21(WAF1/CIP1). p21(WAF1/CIP1) was previously suggested to be down-regulated in OA chondrocytes and is known to be regulated by epigenetic modulation. METHODS Total methylation levels were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mRNA expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and DNMT enzymes by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The methylation status of the p21(WAF1/CIP1)- promotor using bisulfite genomic sequencing was evaluated. RESULTS General methylation analysis of genomic DNA showed no difference in between normal and aged/OA chondrocytes. Also no difference in methylation of the promotor of the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene was detectable, which was significantly down-regulated in OA chondrocytes. DNMT1 and DNMT3a were expressed with no significant changes of expression levels found in OA chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Cell cycle progression inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) is expressed in normal and significantly down-regulated in OA articular chondrocytes, which may mediate the re-initiation of cell proliferation in OA cartilage. However, the suppression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) mRNA expression is not due to hypermethylation of its promotor. No overall changes in genome methylation levels were found in aged or OA cartilage. Interestingly, significant expression of DNA methyltransferases was found in articular chondrocytes, which supports that DNA methylation could still be a relevant mechanism of gene regulation in (osteoarthritic) chondrocytes, though not on an overall genomic level nor specifically for the regulation of the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sesselmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Halaban R, Krauthammer M, Pelizzola M, Cheng E, Kovacs D, Sznol M, Ariyan S, Narayan D, Bacchiocchi A, Molinaro A, Kluger Y, Deng M, Tran N, Zhang W, Picardo M, Enghild JJ. Integrative analysis of epigenetic modulation in melanoma cell response to decitabine: clinical implications. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4563. [PMID: 19234609 PMCID: PMC2642998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Decitabine, an epigenetic modifier that reactivates genes otherwise suppressed by DNA promoter methylation, is effective for some, but not all cancer patients, especially those with solid tumors. It is commonly recognized that to overcome resistance and improve outcome, treatment should be guided by tumor biology, which includes genotype, epigenotype, and gene expression profile. We therefore took an integrative approach to better understand melanoma cell response to clinically relevant dose of decitabine and identify complementary targets for combined therapy. We employed eight different melanoma cell strains, determined their growth, apoptotic and DNA damage responses to increasing doses of decitabine, and chose a low, clinically relevant drug dose to perform whole-genome differential gene expression, bioinformatic analysis, and protein validation studies. The data ruled out the DNA damage response, demonstrated the involvement of p21(Cip1) in a p53-independent manner, identified the TGFbeta pathway genes CLU and TGFBI as markers of sensitivity to decitabine and revealed an effect on histone modification as part of decitabine-induced gene expression. Mutation analysis and knockdown by siRNA implicated activated beta-catenin/MITF, but not BRAF, NRAS or PTEN mutations as a source for resistance. The importance of protein stability predicted from the results was validated by the synergistic effect of Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, in enhancing the growth arrest of decitabine in otherwise resistant melanoma cells. Our integrative analysis show that improved therapy can be achieved by comprehensive analysis of cancer cells, identified biomarkers for patient's selection and monitoring response, as well as targets for improved combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Halaban
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
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Abstract
Using a suppressive subtractive hybridization system, we identified CSIG (cellular senescence-inhibited gene protein; RSL1D1) that was abundant in young human diploid fibroblast cells but declined upon replicative senescence. Overexpression or knockdown of CSIG did not influence p21(Cip1) and p16(INK4a) expressions. Instead, CSIG negatively regulated PTEN and p27(Kip1) expressions, in turn promoting cell proliferation. In PTEN-silenced HEK 293 cells and PTEN-deficient human glioblastoma U87MG cells, the effect of CSIG on p27(Kip1) expression and cell division was abolished, suggesting that PTEN was required for the role of CSIG on p27(Kip1) regulation and cell cycle progression. Investigation into the underlying mechanism revealed that the regulation of PTEN by CSIG was achieved through a translational suppression mechanism. Further study showed that CSIG interacted with PTEN mRNA in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and that knockdown of CSIG led to increased luciferase activity of a PTEN 5' UTR-luciferase reporter. Moreover, overexpression of CSIG significantly delayed the progression of replicative senescence, while knockdown of CSIG expression accelerated replicative senescence. Knockdown of PTEN diminished the effect of CSIG on cellular senescence. Our findings indicate that CSIG acts as a novel regulatory component of replicative senescence, which requires PTEN as a mediator and involves in a translational regulatory mechanism.
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Levina V, Marrangoni AM, DeMarco R, Gorelik E, Lokshin AE. Multiple effects of TRAIL in human carcinoma cells: induction of apoptosis, senescence, proliferation, and cytokine production. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1605-16. [PMID: 18313665 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
TRAIL is a death ligand that induces apoptosis in malignant but not normal cells. Recently the ability of TRAIL to induce proliferation in apoptosis-resistant normal and malignant cells was reported. In this study, we analyzed TRAIL effects in apoptosis sensitive MCF7, OVCAR3 and H460 human tumor cell lines. TRAIL at low concentrations preferentially induced cell proliferation. At 100 ng/ml, apoptotic death was readily observed, however surviving cells acquired higher proliferative capacity. TRAIL-stimulated production of several cytokines, IL-8, RANTES, MCP-1 and bFGF, and activation of caspases 1 and 8 was essential for this effect. Antibodies to IL-8, RANTES, and bFGF blocked TRAIL-induced cell proliferation and further stimulated apoptosis. For the first time, we report that high TRAIL concentrations induced cell senescence as determined by the altered morphology and expression of several senescence markers: SA-beta-gal, p21Waf1/Cip1, p16INK4a, and HMGA. Caspase 9 inhibition protected TRAIL-treated cells from senescence, whereas inhibition of caspases 1 and 8 increased the yield of SLP cells. In conclusion, in cultured human carcinoma cells, TRAIL therapy results in three functional outcomes, apoptosis, proliferation and senescence. TRAIL-induced proapoptotic and prosurvival responses correlate with the strength of signaling. TRAIL-induced cytokine production is responsible for its proliferative and prosurvival effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Levina
- Department of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Squillaro T, Hayek G, Farina E, Cipollaro M, Renieri A, Galderisi U. A case report: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from a rett syndrome patient are prone to senescence and show a lower degree of apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:1877-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Boquest AC, Noer A, Collas P. Epigenetic programming of mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2:319-29. [PMID: 17848719 DOI: 10.1007/bf02698059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stromal stem cells identified in various adult mesenchymal tissues (commonly called mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) have in past years received more attention as a result of their potential interest as replacement cells in regenerative medicine. An abundant and easily accessible source of adult human MSCs are stem cells harvested from liposuction material. Similarly to bone marrow-derived MSCs, human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) can give rise to a variety of cell types in vitro and in vivo; however, they have a propensity to differentiate into primarily mesodermal lineages. Even so, their capacity to differentiate into nonadipogenic mesodermal pathways seems to be restricted. Emerging DNA methylation profiles at adipogenic and nonadipogenic gene promoters in freshly isolated, cultured, or differentiated ASCs aim to provide an epigenetic explanation for this restrictive differentiation potential. A review of these studies indicates that human ASCs are epigenetically marked by mosaic hypomethylation of adipogenic promoters, whereas nonadipogenic lineage-specific promoters are hypermethylated. Surprisingly, in vitro differentiation toward various pathways maintains the overall methylation profiles of undifferentiated cells, raising the hypothesis that ASCs are at least epigenetically preprogrammed for adipogenesis. Novel attempts at reprogramming the epigenome of MSCs have been initiated to enhance the differentiation capacity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Boquest
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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