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MacFawn I, Wilson H, Selth LA, Leighton I, Serebriiskii I, Bleackley RC, Elzamzamy O, Farris J, Pifer PM, Richer J, Frisch SM. Grainyhead-like-2 confers NK-sensitivity through interactions with epigenetic modifiers. Mol Immunol 2018; 105:137-149. [PMID: 30508726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells suppress tumor initiation and metastasis. Most carcinomas are heterogeneous mixtures of epithelial, mesenchymal and hybrid tumor cells, but the relationships of these phenotypes to NK susceptibility are understood incompletely. Grainyhead-like-2 (GRHL2) is a master programmer of the epithelial phenotype, that is obligatorily down-regulated during experimentally induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Here, we utilize GRHL2 re-expression to discover unifying molecular mechanisms that link the epithelial phenotype with NK-sensitivity. GRHL2 enhanced the expression of ICAM-1, augmenting NK-target cell synaptogenesis and NK killing of target cells. The expression of multiple interferon response genes, including ICAM1, anti-correlated with EMT. We identified two novel GRHL2-interacting proteins, the histone methyltransferases KMT2C and KMT2D. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition, NK-sensitization and ICAM-1 expression were promoted by GRHL2-KMT2C/D interactions and by GRHL2 inhibition of p300, revealing novel and potentially targetable epigenetic mechanisms connecting the epithelial phenotype with target cell susceptibility to NK killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian MacFawn
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Hannah Wilson
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Luke A Selth
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian Leighton
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States; Washington and Jefferson College, 60 S. Lincoln Street, Washington, PA 15301, United States
| | - Ilya Serebriiskii
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave. Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States
| | - R Christopher Bleackley
- Department of Biochemistry, 474 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Osama Elzamzamy
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University PO Box 9102, Morgantown, WV 26506-9102, United States
| | - Joshua Farris
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Phillip M Pifer
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Jennifer Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, 31 Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Steven M Frisch
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States; Department of Biochemistry, 1 Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, United States.
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De A, Jacobson BA, Peterson MS, Jay-Dixon J, Kratzke MG, Sadiq AA, Patel MR, Kratzke RA. 4EGI-1 represses cap-dependent translation and regulates genome-wide translation in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Invest New Drugs 2017; 36:217-229. [PMID: 29116477 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of cap-dependent translation has been implicated in the malignant transformation of numerous human tissues. 4EGI-1, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of cap-dependent translation, disrupts formation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex. The effects of 4EGI-1-mediated inhibition of translation initiation in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) were examined. 4EGI-1 preferentially inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in MPM cells compared to normal mesothelial (LP9) cells. This effect was associated with hypophosphorylation of 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and decreased protein levels of the cancer-related genes, c-myc and osteopontin. 4EGI-1 showed enhanced cytotoxicity in combination with pemetrexed or gemcitabine. Translatome-wide polysome microarray analysis revealed a large cohort of genes that were translationally regulated upon treatment with 4EGI-1. The 4EGI-1-regulated translatome was negatively correlated to a previously published translatome regulated by eIF4E overexpression in human mammary epithelial cells, which is in agreement with the notion that 4EGI-1 inhibits the eIF4F complex. These data indicate that inhibition of the eIF4F complex by 4EGI-1 or similar translation inhibitors could be a strategy for treating mesothelioma. Genome wide translational profiling identified a large cohort of promising target genes that should be further evaluated for their potential significance in the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita De
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Blake A Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark S Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joe Jay-Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marian G Kratzke
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ahad A Sadiq
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Manish R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Kratzke
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Division of Heme-Onc-Transplant, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 480, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Abstract
The state of modification of histone tails plays an important role in defining the accessibility of DNA for the transcription machinery and other regulatory factors. It has been extensively demonstrated that the posttranslational modifications of the histone tails, as well as modifications within the nucleosome domain, regulate the level of chromatin condensation and are therefore important in regulating gene expression and other nuclear events. Together with DNA methylation, they constitute the most relevant level of epigenetic regulation of cell functions. Histone modifications are carried out by a multipart network of macromolecular complexes endowed with enzymatic, regulatory, and recognition domains. Not surprisingly, epigenetic alterations caused by aberrant activity of these enzymes are linked to the establishment and maintenance of the cancer phenotype and, importantly, are potentially reversible, since they do not involve genetic mutations in the underlying DNA sequence. Histone modification therapy of cancer is based on the generation of drugs able to interfere with the activity of enzymes involved in histone modifications: new drugs have recently been approved for use in cancer patients, clinically validating this strategy. Unfortunately, however, clinical responses are not always consistent and do not parallel closely the results observed in preclinical models. Here, we present a brief overview of the deregulation of chromatin-associated enzymatic activities in cancer cells and of the main results achieved by histone modification therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Biancotto
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
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