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Purohit JS, Singh M, Raghuvanshi Y, Syeda S, Chaturvedi MM. Evaluation of the Moonlighting Histone H3 Specific Protease (H3ase) Activity and the Dehydrogenase Activity of Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH). Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:223-233. [PMID: 38040891 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The N-terminus of Histone H3 is proteolytically processed in aged chicken liver. A histone H3 N-terminus specific endopeptidase (named H3ase) has been purified from the nuclear extract of aged chicken liver. By sequencing and a series of biochemical methods including the demonstration of H3ase activity in bacterially expressed GDH, it was established that the H3ase activity was a moonlighting protease activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). However, the active site for the H3ase in the GDH remains elusive. Here, using cross-linking studies of the homogenously purified H3ase, we show that the GDH and the H3ase remain in the same native state. Further, the H3ase and GDH activities could be uncoupled by partial denaturation of GDH, suggesting strong evidence for the involvement of different active sites for GDH and H3ase activities. Through densitometry of the H3ase clipped H3 products, the H3ase activity was quantified and it was compared with the GDH activity of the chicken liver nuclear GDH. Furthermore, the H3ase mostly remained distributed in the perinuclear area as demonstrated by MNase digestion and immuno-localization of H3ase in chicken liver nuclei, as well as cultured mouse hepatocyte cells, suggesting that H3ase demonstrated regulated access to the chromatin. The present study thus broadly compares the H3ase and GDH activities of the chicken liver GDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogeswar Satchidananda Purohit
- Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Madhulika Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Yashankita Raghuvanshi
- Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Madan M Chaturvedi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
- SGT University, Gurugram (Delhi-NCR), Haryana, 122505, India.
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Iribarren C, Hermosilla V, Morin V, Puchi M. Functional studies of MP62 during male chromatin decondensation in sea urchins. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1779-88. [PMID: 23444173 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In amphibians, sperm histone transition post-fertilization during male pronucleus formation is commanded by histone chaperone Nucleoplasmin (NPM). Here, we report the first studies to analyze the participation of a Nucleoplasmin-like protein on male chromatin remodeling in sea urchins. In this report, we present the molecular characterization of a nucleoplasmin-like protein that is present in non fertilized eggs and early zygotes in sea urchin specie Tetrapygus niger. This protein, named MP62 can interact with sperm histones in vitro. By male chromatin decondensation assays and immunodepletion experiments in vitro, we have demonstrated that this protein is responsible for sperm nucleosome disorganization. Furthermore, as amphibian nucleoplasmin MP62 is phosphorylated in vivo immediately post-fertilization and this phosphorylation is dependent on CDK-cyclin activities found after fertilization. As we shown, olomoucine and roscovitine inhibits male nucleosome decondensation, sperm histone replacement in vitro and MP62 phosphorylation in vivo. This is the first report of a nucleoplasmin-like activity in sea urchins participating during male pronucleus formation post-fecundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Iribarren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Morin V, Sanchez-Rubio A, Aze A, Iribarren C, Fayet C, Desdevises Y, Garcia-Huidobro J, Imschenetzky M, Puchi M, Genevière AM. The protease degrading sperm histones post-fertilization in sea urchin eggs is a nuclear cathepsin L that is further required for embryo development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46850. [PMID: 23144790 PMCID: PMC3489855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis of sperm histones in the sea urchin male pronucleus is the consequence of the activation at fertilization of a maternal cysteine protease. We previously showed that this protein is required for male chromatin remodelling and for cell-cycle progression in the newly formed embryos. This enzyme is present in the nucleus of unfertilized eggs and is rapidly recruited to the male pronucleus after insemination. Interestingly, this cysteine-protease remains co-localized with chromatin during S phase of the first cell cycle, migrates to the mitotic spindle in M-phase and is re-located to the nuclei of daughter cells after cytokinesis. Here we identified the protease encoding cDNA and found a high sequence identity to cathepsin proteases of various organisms. A phylogenetical analysis clearly demonstrates that this sperm histone protease (SpHp) belongs to the cathepsin L sub-type. After an initial phase of ubiquitous expression throughout cleavage stages, SpHp gene transcripts become restricted to endomesodermic territories during the blastula stage. The transcripts are localized in the invaginating endoderm during gastrulation and a gut specific pattern continues through the prism and early pluteus stages. In addition, a concomitant expression of SpHp transcripts is detected in cells of the skeletogenic lineage and in accordance a pharmacological disruption of SpHp activity prevents growth of skeletal rods. These results further document the role of this nuclear cathepsin L during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Morin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Andrea Sanchez-Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Antoine Aze
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7232, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Claudio Iribarren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Claire Fayet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7232, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Yves Desdevises
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7232, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Jenaro Garcia-Huidobro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Maria Imschenetzky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Marcia Puchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Anne-Marie Genevière
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7232, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
- * E-mail:
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Semenova EV, Filatov MV. Study of chromatin decondensation factors in human spermatozoids by flow cytometry. Russ J Dev Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360411010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Puchi M, García-Huidobro J, Cordova C, Aguilar R, Dufey E, Imschenetzky M, Bustos P, Morin V. A new nuclear protease with cathepsin L properties is present in HeLa and Caco-2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 111:1099-106. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Histones wrap DNA to form nucleosome particles that compact eukaryotic genomes. Variant histones have evolved crucial roles in chromosome segregation, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, sperm packaging and other processes. 'Universal' histone variants emerged early in eukaryotic evolution and were later displaced for bulk packaging roles by the canonical histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), the synthesis of which is coupled to DNA replication. Further specializations of histone variants have evolved in some lineages to perform additional tasks. Differences among histone variants in their stability, DNA wrapping, specialized domains that regulate access to DNA, and post-translational modifications, underlie the diverse functions that histones have acquired in evolution.
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Morin V, Sanchez A, Quiñones K, Huidobro JG, Iribarren C, Bustos P, Puchi M, Genevière AM, Imschenetzky M. Cathepsin L inhibitor I blocks mitotic chromosomes decondensation during cleavage cell cycles of sea urchin embryos. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:790-5. [PMID: 18425772 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that sperm histones (SpH) degradation after fertilization is catalyzed by a cystein-protease (SpH-protease). Its inhibition blocks the degradation of SpH in vivo and also aborts sea urchin development at the initial embryonic cell cycles. It remains unknown if this effect is a consequence of the persistence of SpH on zygotic chromatin, or if this protease is involved per-se in the progression of the embryonic cell cycles. To discriminate among these two options we have inhibited this protease at a time when male chromatin remodeling was completed and the embryos were engaged in the second cell cycle of the cleavage divisions. The role of this enzyme in cell cycle was initially analyzed by immuno-inhibiting its SpH degrading activity in one of the two blastomeres after the initial cleavage division, while the other blastomere was used as a control. We found that in the blastomere injected with the anti-SpH-protease antibodies the cytokinesis was arrested, the chromatin failed to decondense after mitosis and BrdU incorporation into DNA was blocked. Since the N-terminal sequence and the SpH protease was homologous to the cathepsin L (Cat L) family of proteases, we subsequently investigated if the deleterious effect of the inhibition of this protease is related to its Cat L activity. In this context we analyzed the effect of Cat L inhibitor I (Z-Phe-Phe-CH(2)F) on embryonic development. We found that the addition of 100 uM of this inhibitor to the embryos harvested at the time of the initial cleavage division (80 min p.i.) mimics perfectly the effects of the immuno-inhibition of this enzyme obtained by microinjecting the anti-SpH-protease antibodies. Taken together these results indicate that the activity of this protease is required for embryonic cell cycle progression. Interestingly, we observed that when this protease was inhibited the chromatin decondensation after mitosis was abolished indicating that the inhibition of this enzyme affects chromosomes decondensation after mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Morin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile
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Horner VL, Wolfner MF. Transitioning from egg to embryo: Triggers and mechanisms of egg activation. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:527-44. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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