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Navas LE, Blanco-Alcaina E, Suarez-Martinez E, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Espinosa-Sanchez A, Sanchez-Diaz L, Dominguez-Medina E, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Carracedo A, Wu LE, Carnero A. NAD pool as an antitumor target against cancer stem cells in head and neck cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:55. [PMID: 36864434 PMCID: PMC9983242 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors that affect different anatomical locations. Despite this heterogeneity, HNSCC treatment depends on the anatomical location, TNM stage and resectability of the tumor. Classical chemotherapy is based on platinum-derived drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin), taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel) and 5-fluorouracil1. Despite advances in HNSCC treatment, the rate of tumor recurrence and patient mortality remain high. Therefore, the search for new prognostic identifiers and treatments targeting therapy-resistant tumor cells is vital. Our work demonstrates that there are different subgroups with high phenotypic plasticity within the CSC population in HNSCC. CD10, CD184, and CD166 may identify some of these CSC subpopulations with NAMPT as a common metabolic gene for the resilient cells of these subpopulations. We observed that NAMPT reduction causes a decrease in tumorigenic and stemness properties, migration capacity and CSC phenotype through NAD pool depletion. However, NAMPT-inhibited cells can acquire resistance by activating the NAPRT enzyme of the Preiss-Handler pathway. We observed that coadministration of the NAMPT inhibitor with the NAPRT inhibitor cooperated inhibiting tumor growth. The use of an NAPRT inhibitor as an adjuvant improved NAMPT inhibitor efficacy and reduced the dose and toxicity of these inhibitors. Therefore, it seems that the reduction in the NAD pool could have efficacy in tumor therapy. This was confirmed by in vitro assays supplying the cells with products of inhibited enzymes (NA, NMN or NAD) and restoring their tumorigenic and stemness properties. In conclusion, the coinhibition of NAMPT and NAPRT improved the efficacy of antitumor treatment, indicating that the reduction in the NAD pool is important to prevent tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola E. Navas
- grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/HUVR/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Ed. IBIS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco-Alcaina
- grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/HUVR/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Ed. IBIS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Suarez-Martinez
- grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/HUVR/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Ed. IBIS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M. Verdugo-Sivianes
- grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/HUVR/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Ed. IBIS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asuncion Espinosa-Sanchez
- grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/HUVR/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Ed. IBIS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez-Diaz
- grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/HUVR/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Ed. IBIS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Dominguez-Medina
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645BioFarma-USEF Research Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- grid.488911.d0000 0004 0408 4897Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (USC), Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- grid.488911.d0000 0004 0408 4897Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (USC), Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lindsay E. Wu
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/HUVR/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Ed. IBIS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Ozturk S, Gorgun C, Gokalp S, Vatansever S, Sendemir A. Development and characterization of cancer stem cell-based tumoroids as an osteosarcoma model. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2527-2539. [PMID: 32391924 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cancer tumor models are becoming vital approaches for high-throughput drug screening, drug targeting, development of novel theranostic systems, and personalized medicine. Yet, it is becoming more evident that the tumor progression and metastasis is fueled by a subpopulation of stem-like cells within the tumor that are also called cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to develop a tumoroid model using CSCs. For this purpose CD133+ cells were isolated from SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell line with magnetic-activated cell sorting. To evaluate tumoroid formation ability, the cells were incubated in different cell numbers in agar gels produced by 3D Petri Dish® method. Subsequently, CD133+ cells and CD133- cells were co-cultured to investigate CD133+ cell localization in tumoroids. The characterization of tumoroids was performed using Live&Dead staining, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that, CD133+ , CD133- and SaOS-2 cells were all able to form 3D tumoroids regardless of the initial cell number, but, while 72 hr were needed for CD133+ cells to self-assemble, 24 hr were enough for CD133- and SaOS-2 cells. CD133+ cells were located within tumoroids randomly with high cell viability. Finally, when compared to two-dimensional (2D) cultures, there were 5.88, 4.14, 6.95, and 1.68-fold higher messenger RNA expressions for Sox2, OCT3/4, Nanog, and Nestin, respectively, in CD133+ cells that were cultured within 3D tumoroids, showing longer maintenance of stem cell phenotype in 3D, that can allow more relevant screening and targeting efficiency in pharmaceutical testing. It was concluded that CSC-based tumoroids are propitious as 3D tumor models to fill the gap between conventional 2D in vitro culture and in vivo animal experiments for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Ozturk
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Bioengineering Division, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Gorgun
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sevtap Gokalp
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Vatansever
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.,Research Center of Experimental Health Sciences (DESAM), Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Aylin Sendemir
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Zhang F, Ma Y, Xu L, Xu H, Xu Y, Yan N. Long non‑coding RNA profile revealed by microarray indicates that lncCUEDC1 serves a negative regulatory role in breast cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:807-820. [PMID: 32124947 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in breast cancer development, progression and metastasis. However, the association between lncRNAs and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) has been poorly explored. To address this issue, microarray analyses were performed to detect the lncRNA profile of BCSCs. In addition, bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, were performed to explore the functional roles of lncRNAs in BCSCs. Lastly, loss of function assays were used to explore the potential function of lncRNA CUE domain containing 1 (lncCUEDC1). A total of 142 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified. Among these, 25 were downregulated and 117 were upregulated in BCSCs compared with in non‑BCSCs. In addition, the present study revealed that the lncRNAs were largely associated with stemness‑related signaling pathways. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that lncCUEDC1 negatively regulated the phenotype and biological functions of BCSCs in vitro. Mechanistically, lncCUEDC1 could bind NANOG to inhibit the stemness. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to established the lncRNA profile of BCSCs. These findings provided evidence for exploring the functions of lncRNAs in BCSCs and indicated that lncCUEDC1 is a prospective target in BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- The First Department of Prevention and Cure Centre of Breast Disease, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
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Bianchini C, Ciorba A, Pelucchi S, Piva R, Pastore A. Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 97:137-41. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161109700201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims and background This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms at the basis of cancer initiation and progression in the head and neck and also discusses the possible development of targeted cellular strategies. Intrinsic and acquired resistance of cancer cells to current conventional treatments, as well as recurrence, represent a major challenge in treating and curing the most aggressive and metastatic tumors also in the head and neck. Even though in some hematologic malignancies (i.e., non-Hodgkin's lymphomas) antibodies specifically designed to target tumor-specific cells have already been introduced, in solid tumors molecular targeted therapy is now entering clinical practice. Methods A Pub Med database systematic review. Results and conclusions Molecular targeting could achieve specific damage to cancer cells, at the same time preserving functionally important tissues. This could offer new prospectives in primary and adjuvant treatment also of head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Ciorba
- ENT Department, University Hospital of
Ferrara, Ferrara
| | | | - Roberta Piva
- Molecular Biology Section, Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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5
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Méry B, Guy JB, Espenel S, Wozny AS, Simonet S, Vallard A, Alphonse G, Ardail D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Magné N. Targeting head and neck tumoral stem cells: From biological aspects to therapeutic perspectives. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:13-21. [PMID: 26839637 PMCID: PMC4723718 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Effective therapeutic modalities such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and combinations of each are used in the management of the disease. In most cases, treatment fails to obtain total cancer cure. In recent years, it appears that one of the key determinants of treatment failure may be the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that escape currently available therapies. CSCs form a small portion of the total tumor burden but may play a disproportionately important role in determining outcomes. CSCs have stem features such as self-renewal, high migration capacity, drug resistance, high proliferation abilities. A large body of evidence points to the fact that CSCs are particularly resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In HNSCC, CSCs have been increasingly shown to have an integral role in tumor initiation, disease progression, metastasis and treatment resistance. In the light of such observations, the present review summarizes biological characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC, outlines targeted strategies for the successful eradication of CSCs in HNSCC including targeting the self-renewal controlling pathways, blocking epithelial mesenchymal transition, niche targeting, immunotherapy approaches and highlights the need to better understand CSCs biology for new treatments modalities.
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6
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Vuong T, Mallet JF, Ouzounova M, Rahbar S, Hernandez-Vargas H, Herceg Z, Matar C. Role of a polyphenol-enriched preparation on chemoprevention of mammary carcinoma through cancer stem cells and inflammatory pathways modulation. J Transl Med 2016; 14:13. [PMID: 26762586 PMCID: PMC4712588 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds from fruits, particularly from blueberries, have been reported to be significantly involved in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Biotransformation of blueberry juice by Serratia vaccinii increases its polyphenolic content and endows it with anti-inflammatory properties. METHODS This study evaluated the effect of a polyphenol-enriched blueberry preparation (PEBP) and its non-fermented counterpart (NBJ), on mammary cancer stem cell (CSC) development in in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo settings. Effects of PEBP on cell proliferation, mobility, invasion, and mammosphere formation were measured in vitro in three cell lines: murine 4T1 and human MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Ex vivo mammosphere formation, tumor growth and metastasis observations were carried out in a BALB/c mouse model. RESULTS Our research revealed that PEBP influence cellular signaling cascades of breast CSCs, regulating the activity of transcription factors and, consequently, inhibiting tumor growth in vivo by decreasing metastasis and controlling PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and STAT3 pathways, central nodes in CSC inflammatory signaling. PEBP significantly inhibited cell proliferation of 4T1, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In all cell lines, PEBP reduced mammosphere formation, cell mobility and cell migration. In vivo, PEBP significantly reduced tumor development, inhibited the formation of ex vivo mammospheres, and significantly reduced lung metastasis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that polyphenol enrichment of a blueberry preparation by fermentation increases its chemopreventive potential by protecting mice against tumor development, inhibiting the formation of cancer stem cells and reducing lung metastasis. Thus, PEBP may represent a novel complementary alternative medicine therapy and a source for novel therapeutic agents against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Vuong
- Nutritional Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, R2057 Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Mallet
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Maria Ouzounova
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Sam Rahbar
- Nutritional Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, R2057 Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | | | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Chantal Matar
- Nutritional Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, R2057 Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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7
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Boeckx C, Op de Beeck K, Wouters A, Deschoolmeester V, Limame R, Zwaenepoel K, Specenier P, Pauwels P, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Van Camp G, Baay M, Lardon F. Overcoming cetuximab resistance in HNSCC: The role of AURKB and DUSP proteins. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:365-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Boeckx C, Weyn C, Vanden Bempt I, Deschoolmeester V, Wouters A, Specenier P, Van Laer C, Van den Weyngaert D, Kockx M, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Pauwels P, Lardon F, Baay M. Mutation analysis of genes in the EGFR pathway in Head and Neck cancer patients: implications for anti-EGFR treatment response. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:337. [PMID: 24899223 PMCID: PMC4067106 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted therapy against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is among the most promising molecular therapeutics for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). However, drug resistance limits the clinical efficacy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and no predictive biomarker has entered the clinic yet. Methods A retrospective clinical study was performed utilizing pathological specimens from 52 newly diagnosed HNSCC patients. These patients were screened for mutations in EGFR and KRAS. Tyrosine kinase mutations in EGFR and KRAS mutations were evaluated by high resolution melting analysis (HRMA), whereas EGFRvIII was determined using one-step real-time PCR. Finally, patient samples were screened for HPV-DNA by GP5+/6+ PCR. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and significance was calculated using log-rank statistic. Results In our study population no EGFRvIII mutations were present. However, two silent mutations were found; T785T in exon 20 and R836R in exon 21 of the EGFR gene. Additionally, HRMA revealed an abnormal KRAS melting pattern in 7.0% of the samples. However, the KRAS StripAssay could confirm only one sample with a G12S mutation and none of these samples could be confirmed by direct sequencing. HPV DNA was present in 3/25 larynx and 9/27 oropharynx tumors. Conclusion The low rate of EGFR and KRAS mutations in this Belgian HNSCC population suggests that these genes will probably not play a major role in predicting response to anti-EGFR therapy in HNSCC. Hence, other predictive markers need to be discovered in order to optimize EGFR targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Boeckx
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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9
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Yanamoto S, Yamada SI, Takahashi H, Naruse T, Matsushita Y, Ikeda H, Shiraishi T, Seki S, Fujita S, Ikeda T, Asahina I, Umeda M. Expression of the cancer stem cell markers CD44v6 and ABCG2 in tongue cancer: effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on local recurrence. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1153-62. [PMID: 24504189 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is controversial, and no report supports NAC with a high evidence level. Recently, we showed that a deep surgical margin was resected very close to the tumor site in many NAC-treated oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, suggesting that NAC may lead to local recurrence and poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NAC on tumor local recurrence using cancer stem cell marker immunohistochemistry. We retrospectively analyzed 89 patients who underwent radical surgery for tongue cancer, and examined the effect of NAC on tumor local recurrence. Cancer stem cell marker (CD44v6 and ABCG2) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. In our study, the local recurrence rate was 12.4%. CD44v6 and ABCG2 expression was significantly associated with regional lymph node metastasis, pattern of invasion, depth of invasion, perineural invasion and local recurrence, respectively. Tumor local recurrence was a significant independent predictive factor of the 5-year disease specific survival. CD44v6 or ABCG2 positivity in NAC-treated patients was significantly associated with tumor local recurrence. It was suggested that local recurrence in NAC-treated cases is associated with cancer stem-like cells. We propose that NAC leads to the selection and/or residue of more aggressive cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Naruse
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hisazumi Ikeda
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiraishi
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Sachiko Seki
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Masahiro Umeda
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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10
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Oliveira LR, Castilho-Fernandes A, Oliveira-Costa JP, Soares FA, Zucoloto S, Ribeiro-Silva A. CD44+/CD133+ immunophenotype and matrix metalloproteinase-9: Influence on prognosis in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 36:1718-26. [PMID: 24178866 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of CD44 and/or CD133 immunophenotypes and the associated effects of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) to assess their influence on tumor prognosis. METHODS The following data were derived from 150 patients: age, sex, primary anatomic site, smoking status, alcohol intake, recurrence, metastases, histological classification, treatment, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemical study of CD44, CD133, and MMP-9 expression was performed on a tissue microarray of 150 paraffin blocks of oral SCCs. RESULTS The predominant immunophenotype identified to exhibit a significant correlation with MMP-9 was the CD44+/CD133+. Multivariate analyses identified a significant correlation of OS with surgical treatment and with CD44+/CD133+ immunophenotype. CONCLUSION This investigation demonstrated the prognostic importance of CD44/CD133 expression, which can help improve the prognostic value of surgical treatment for oral SCCs when diagnosed in early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinei R Oliveira
- Vale do Rio Verde University (UninCor), Tres Coraçoes, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Vira D, Basak SK, Veena MS, Wang MB, Batra RK, Srivatsan ES. Cancer stem cells, microRNAs, and therapeutic strategies including natural products. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:733-51. [PMID: 22752409 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells divide continuously and differentiate into organs through the expression of specific transcription factors at specific time periods. Differentiated adult stem cells on the other hand remain in quiescent state and divide by receiving cues from the environment (extracellular matrix or niche), as in the case of wound healing from tissue injury or inflammation. Similarly, it is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs), forming a smaller fraction of the tumor bulk, also remain in a quiescent state. These cells are capable of initiating and propagating neoplastic growth upon receiving environmental cues, such as overexpression of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Candidate CSCs express distinct biomarkers that can be utilized for their identification and isolation. This review focuses on the known and candidate cancer stem cell markers identified in various solid tumors and the promising future of disease management and therapy targeted at these markers. The review also provides details on the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), and the miRNA- and natural product-based therapies that could be applied for the treatment of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshni Vira
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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13
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Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a rare tumor with propensity for hepatic involvement. Am J Med Sci 2012; 345:155-7. [PMID: 22986616 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3182648759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small cell (neuroendocrine) carcinoma of the bladder is a rare entity, accounting for less than 1% of all bladder tumors. The authors report 2 new cases of the disease, both presenting with liver metastasis. In the first case, small cell carcinoma occurred in an 85-year-old woman as tumor recurrence of previous micropapillary carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma in situ, illustrating the common coexistence with conventional urothelial carcinoma. In the second case of a 58-year-old man, non-small cell tumor components were not observed. Accurate diagnosis of small cell carcinoma may be challenging. A panel of different antibodies, including neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule) is recommended. In conclusion, small cell carcinoma represents a rare and aggressive form of bladder malignancy. As illustrated by the 2 cases and according to the literature review, the tumor shows a so far underrecognized propensity for hepatic involvement.
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Minardi D, Lucarini G, Filosa A, Zizzi A, Simonetti O, Offidani AM, d’Anzeo G, Di Primio R, Montironi R, Muzzonigro G. Prognostic value of CD44 expression in penile squamous cell carcinoma: a pilot study. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:377-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Economopoulou P, Kaklamani VG, Siziopikou K. The role of cancer stem cells in breast cancer initiation and progression: potential cancer stem cell-directed therapies. Oncologist 2012; 17:1394-401. [PMID: 22941971 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified a small population of highly tumorigenic cells with stem cell properties in human breast and other solid tumors that are considered to be the source of tumor initiation and maintenance; these cells are referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Preclinical data suggest that current breast cancer treatment strategies lead to CSC enrichment, contributing to chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, although a strong correlation with clinical parameters and prognosis is yet to be established. Importantly, overcoming treatment failure by effective targeting of CSCs may be an appealing approach, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes for patients with breast cancer. Several preclinical studies provide promising results that support this hypothesis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of CSCs in breast cancer recurrence and resistance and to discuss current attempts of CSC targeting.
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Oliveira-Costa JP, Oliveira LR, da Silveira GG, Soave DF, Soares FA, Ribeiro-Silva A. Topoisomerase expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: relationship with cancer stem cells profiles and lymph node metastasis. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:762-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Mannelli G, Gallo O. Cancer stem cells hypothesis and stem cells in head and neck cancers. Cancer Treat Rev 2011; 38:515-39. [PMID: 22197808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the growth and spread of cancer is driven by a small subpopulation of cancer cells, defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent data indicate that the initiation, growth, recurrence and metastasis of cancers are related to the behavior of a small population of malignant cells with properties of stem cells, and information about them are potentially helpful in identifying the target for the tumor's therapeutic elimination. The presence of subpopulation cells with phenotypic and behavioral characteristics corresponding to both normal epithelial stem cells and to cells capable of initiating tumors has been also reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Mannelli
- First University Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Director Prof. Oreste Gallo, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Via Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
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Isolation and characterization of cancer stem-like side population cells in human oral cancer cells. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:855-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mathews LA, Cabarcas SM, Hurt EM, Zhang X, Jaffee EM, Farrar WL. Increased expression of DNA repair genes in invasive human pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreas 2011; 40:730-9. [PMID: 21633318 PMCID: PMC3116046 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31821ae25b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer was the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States in 2010. Recurrence of disease after resection occurs because of neoplastic cell survival. To better understand these highly aggressive cells, gene expression microarrays were performed. METHODS Using the established lines HPAC and PANC1 and a Matrigel assay, genome expression arrays were performed to analyze patterns between invasive and total cells. RESULTS Significant increases in the expression of genes related to DNA repair were observed. A number of the same genes also demonstrated an increase in expression when comparing bulk cells to a putative tumor-initiating cell (TIC) population. The TIC population was isolated using the spheroid technique, and compared with bulk cells, spheroid cells functionally repair breaks in DNA faster after challenge with the drug gemcitabine. Finally, using Oncomine, we observed a significant increase in DNA copy number of BRCA1 and RAD51 in tissue isolated from metastatic pancreatic cancer compared with tissue isolated from the primary site. CONCLUSIONS From these data, we conclude that the most invasive cells within a pancreatic tumor are able to thrive because of their increased genomic stability. These cells have also been linked to the TIC population in a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Mathews
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Abstract
The existence of "tumor-initiating cells" (TICs) has been a topic of heated debate for the last few years within the field of cancer biology. Their continuous characterization in a variety of solid tumors has led to an abundance of evidence supporting their existence. TICs are believed to be responsible for resistance against conventional treatment regimes of chemotherapy and radiation, ultimately leading to metastasis and patient demise. This review summarizes DNA repair mechanism(s) and their role in the maintenance and regulation of stem cells. There is evidence supporting the hypothesis that TICs, similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), display an increase in their ability to survive genotoxic stress and injury. Mechanistically, the ability of ES cells, HSCs and TICs to survive under stressful conditions can be attributed to an increase in the efficiency at which these cells undergo DNA repair. Furthermore, the data presented in this review summarize the results found by our lab and others demonstrating that TICs have an increase in their genomic stability, which can allow for TIC survival under conditions such as anticancer treatments, while the bulk population of tumor cells dies. We believe that these data will greatly impact the development and design of future therapies being engineered to target and eradicate this highly aggressive cancer cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A. Mathews
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, 1050 Boyles St., Building 560, Room 21-81, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Stephanie M. Cabarcas
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, 1050 Boyles St., Building 560, Room 21-81, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - William L. Farrar
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, 1050 Boyles St., Building 560, Room 21-81, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
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Camerlingo R, Franco R, Tirino V, Cantile M, Rocchi M, La Rocca A, Martucci N, Botti G, Rocco G, Pirozzi G. Establishment and phenotypic characterization of the first human pulmonary blastoma cell line. Lung Cancer 2011; 72:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Boivin A, Hanot M, Malesys C, Maalouf M, Rousson R, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Ardail D. Transient alteration of cellular redox buffering before irradiation triggers apoptosis in head and neck carcinoma stem and non-stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14558. [PMID: 21283807 PMCID: PMC3023721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive and recurrent malignancy owing to intrinsic radioresistance and lack of induction of apoptosis. The major focus of this work was to design a transient glutathione depleting strategy during the course of irradiation of HNSCC in order to overcome their radioresistance associated with redox adaptation. Methodology/Principal Findings Treatment of SQ20B cells with dimethylfumarate (DMF), a GSH-depleting agent, and L-Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis 4 h before a 10 Gy irradiation led to the lowering of the endogenous GSH content to less than 10% of that in control cells and to the triggering of radiation-induced apoptotic cell death. The sequence of biochemical events after GSH depletion and irradiation included ASK-1 followed by JNK activation which resulted in the triggering of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through Bax translocation to mitochondria. Conclusions This transient GSH depletion also triggered radiation-induced cell death in SQ20B stem cells, a key event to overcome locoregional recurrence of HNSCC. Finally, our in vivo data highlight the relevance for further clinical trials of endogenous redox modulation to enhance the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Boivin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Maité Hanot
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Céline Malesys
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Mira Maalouf
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
| | | | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Ardail
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon-I, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EA-3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Isolation and identification of a distinct side population cancer cells in the human epidermal squamous cancer cell line A431. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 303:181-9. [PMID: 21240514 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-010-1100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells have been suggested to be multipotent cancer stem cells. To address whether SP cells exist in epidermal squamous cancer cell line A431, A431 cells dyed with Hoechst 33342 were sorted through flow cytometry. The SP cells were then analyzed by colony-forming and cell proliferation assay. Further, tumorigenicity and microarray analysis were used to compare biological difference between SP and non-SP (NSP) cells. Our results showed that SP cells existed in the A431 cell line, showing higher proliferating and colony-forming ability than NSP cells. Tumors generated from SP cells were larger than those from the NSP cells in NOD/SCID mice. The mRNA microarray profiling revealed that five cancer marker gene expressions were up-regulated and one tumor suppressor gene expression was down-regulated. These findings suggest that SP cells in A431 could contribute to self-renewal, neoplastic transformation, and cancer metastasis of human epidermal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Oliveira LR, Oliveira-Costa JP, Araujo IM, Soave DF, Zanetti JS, Soares FA, Zucoloto S, Ribeiro-Silva A. Cancer stem cell immunophenotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:135-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mathews LA, Hurt EM, Zhang X, Farrar WL. Epigenetic regulation of CpG promoter methylation in invasive prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:267. [PMID: 20929579 PMCID: PMC2958982 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, much attention has been focused on gaining a better understanding of the different populations of cells within a tumor and their contribution to cancer progression. One of the most commonly used methods to isolate a more aggressive sub-population of cells utilizes cell sorting based on expression of certain cell adhesion molecules. A recently established method we developed is to isolate these more aggressive cells based on their properties of increased invasive ability. These more invasive cells have been previously characterized as tumor initiating cells (TICs) that have a stem-like genomic signature and express a number of stem cell genes including Oct3/4 and Nanog and are more tumorigenic compared to their 'non-invasive' counterpart. They also have a profile reminiscent of cells undergoing a classic pattern of epithelial to mesenchymal transition or EMT. Using this model of invasion, we sought to investigate which genes are under epigenetic control in this rare population of cells. Epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, are key events regulating the process of normal human development. To determine the specific methylation pattern in these invasive prostate cells, and if any developmental genes were being differentially regulated, we analyzed differences in global CpG promoter methylation. RESULTS Differentially methylated genes were determined and select genes were chosen for additional analyses. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase BMX and transcription factor SOX1 were found to play a significant role in invasion. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed the methylated gene list frequently displayed genes from the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Cells which have decreased levels of the targets BMX and SOX1 also display loss of STAT3 activity. Finally, using Oncomine, it was determined that more aggressive metastatic prostate cancers in humans also have higher levels of both Stat3 and Sox1. CONCLUSIONS Using this method we can begin to understand which genes are epigenetically regulated in the invasive population compared to the bulk tumor cells. These aggressive sub-populations of cells may be linked to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, making their patterns of epigenetic regulation very attractive for biomarker analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Mathews
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Yang WCV, Chung HR, Wu JY, Yi C, Wang DJ, Lee SY. Potential biomarkers for the cytologic diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1991-7902(10)60010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Schulenburg A, Brämswig K, Herrmann H, Karlic H, Mirkina I, Hubmann R, Laffer S, Marian B, Shehata M, Krepler C, Pehamberger H, Grunt T, Jäger U, Zielinski CC, Valent P. Neoplastic stem cells: current concepts and clinical perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 76:79-98. [PMID: 20185329 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic stem cells have initially been characterized in myeloid leukemias where NOD/SCID mouse-repopulating progenitors supposedly reside within a CD34+/Lin- subset of the malignant clone. These progenitors are considered to be self-renewing cells responsible for the in vivo long-term growth of neoplastic cells in leukemic patients. Therefore, these cells represent an attractive target of therapy. In some lymphoid leukemias, NOD/SCID mouse-repopulating cells were also reported to reside within the CD34+/Lin- subfraction of the clone. More recently, several attempts have been made to transfer the cancer stem cell concept to solid tumors and other non-hematopoietic neoplasms. In several of these tumors, the cell surface antigens AC133 (CD133) and CD44 are considered to indicate the potential of a cell to initiate permanent tumor formation in vivo. However, several questions concerning the phenotype, self-renewal capacity, stroma-dependence, and other properties of cancer- or leukemia-initiating cells remain to be solved. The current article provides a summary of our current knowledge on neoplastic (cancer) stem cells, with special emphasis on clinical implications and therapeutic options as well as a discussion about conceptual and technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulenburg
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Huang AHC, Chen YK, Chan AWS, Shieh TY, Lin LM. Isolation and characterization of normal hamster buccal pouch stem/stromal cells – A potential oral cancer stem/stem-like cell model. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:e189-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Epigenetic gene regulation in stem cells and correlation to cancer. Differentiation 2009; 78:1-17. [PMID: 19443100 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Through the classic study of genetics, much has been learned about the regulation and progression of human disease. Specifically, cancer has been defined as a disease driven by genetic alterations, including mutations in tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as chromosomal abnormalities. However, the study of normal human development has identified that in addition to classical genetics, regulation of gene expression is also modified by 'epigenetic' alterations including chromatin remodeling and histone variants, DNA methylation, the regulation of polycomb group proteins, and the epigenetic function of non-coding RNA. These changes are modifications inherited during both meiosis and mitosis, yet they do not result in alterations of the actual DNA sequence. A number of biological questions are directly influenced by epigenetics, such as how does a cell know when to divide, differentiate or remain quiescent, and more importantly, what happens when these pathways become altered? Do these alterations lead to the development and/or progression of cancer? This review will focus on summarizing the limited current literature involving epigenetic alterations in the context of human cancer stems cells (CSCs). The extent to which epigenetic changes define cell fate, identity, and phenotype are still under intense investigation, and many questions remain largely unanswered. Before discussing epigenetic gene silencing in CSCs, the different classifications of stem cells and their properties will be introduced. This will be followed by an introduction to the different epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, there will be a discussion of the current knowledge of epigenetic modifications in stem cells, specifically what is known from rodent systems and established cancer cell lines, and how they are leading us to understand human stem cells.
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Di Fiore R, Santulli A, Ferrante RD, Giuliano M, De Blasio A, Messina C, Pirozzi G, Tirino V, Tesoriere G, Vento R. Identification and expansion of human osteosarcoma-cancer-stem cells by long-term 3-aminobenzamide treatment. J Cell Physiol 2009; 219:301-13. [PMID: 19160414 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel cancer stem-like cell line (3AB-OS), expressing a number of pluripotent stem cell markers, was irreversibly selected from human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells by long-term treatment (100 days) with 3-aminobenzamide (3AB). 3AB-OS cells are a heterogeneous and stable cell population composed by three types of fibroblastoid cells, spindle-shaped, polygonal-shaped, and rounded-shaped. With respect to MG-63 cells, 3AB-OS cells are extremely smaller, possess a much greater capacity to form spheres, a stronger self-renewal ability and much higher levels of cell cycle markers which account for G1-S/G2-M phases progression. Differently from MG-63 cells, 3AB-OS cells can be reseeded unlimitedly without losing their proliferative potential. They show an ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2-dependent phenotype with high drug efflux capacity, and a strong positivity for CD133, marker for pluripotent stem cells, which are almost unmeasurable in MG-63 cells. 3AB-OS cells are much less committed to osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation than MG-63 cells and highly express genes required for maintaining stem cell state (Oct3/4, hTERT, nucleostemin, Nanog) and for inhibiting apoptosis (HIF-1alpha, FLIP-L, Bcl-2, XIAP, IAPs, and survivin). 3AB-OS may be a novel tumor cell line useful for investigating the mechanisms by which stem cells enrichment may be induced in a tumor cell line. The identification of a subpopulation of cancer stem cells that drives tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in osteosarcoma may lead to prognosis and optimal therapy determination. Expression patterns of stem cell markers, especially CD133 and ABCG2, may indicate the undifferentiated state of osteosarcoma tumors, and may correlate with unfavorable prognosis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Policlinico, Palermo, Italy
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Kakarala M, Wicha MS. Implications of the cancer stem-cell hypothesis for breast cancer prevention and therapy. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:2813-20. [PMID: 18539959 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.16.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research in breast biology has provided support for the cancer stem-cell hypothesis. Two important components of this hypothesis are that tumors originate in mammary stem or progenitor cells as a result of dysregulation of the normally tightly regulated process of self-renewal. As a result, tumors contain and are driven by a cellular subcomponent that retains key stem-cell properties including self-renewal, which drives tumorigenesis and differentiation that contributes to cellular heterogeneity. Advances in stem-cell technology have led to the identification of stem cells in normal and malignant breast tissue. The study of these stem cells has helped to elucidate the origin of the molecular complexity of human breast cancer. The cancer stem-cell hypothesis has important implications for early detection, prevention, and treatment of breast cancer. Both hereditary and sporadic breast cancers may develop through dysregulation of stem-cell self-renewal pathways. These aberrant stem cells may provide targets for the development of cancer prevention strategies. Furthermore, because breast cancer stem cells may be highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, the development of more effective therapies for this disease may require the effective targeting of this cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Kakarala
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5942, USA
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Seo DC, Sung JM, Cho HJ, Yi H, Seo KH, Choi IS, Kim DK, Kim JS, El-Aty AM A, Shin HC. Gene expression profiling of cancer stem cell in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Mol Cancer 2007; 6:75. [PMID: 18034892 PMCID: PMC2234429 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The studies on cancer-stem-cells (CSCs) have attracted so much attention in recent years as possible therapeutic implications. This study was carried out to investigate the gene expression profile of CSCs in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Results We isolated CSCs from A549 cell line of which side population (SP) phenotype revealed several stem cell properties. After staining the cell line with Hoechst 33342 dye, the SP and non-side population (non-SP) cells were sorted using flow cytometric analysis. The mRNA expression profiles were measured using an Affymetrix GeneChip® oligonucleotide array. Among the sixty one differentially expressed genes, the twelve genes inclusive three poor prognostic genes; Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1/C2 (AKR1C1/C2), Transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 nuclear receptor (TM4SF1), and Nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1 (NR0B1) were significantly up-regulated in SP compared to non-SP cells. Conclusion This is the first report indicating the differences of gene expression pattern between SP and non-SP cells in A549 cells. We suggest that the up-regulations of the genes AKR1C1/C2, TM4SF1 and NR0B1 in SP of human adenocarcinoma A549 cells could be a target of poor prognosis in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Cheol Seo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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