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Xu Z, Zhang R, Chen H, Zhang L, Yan X, Qin Z, Cong S, Tan Z, Li T, Du M. Characterization and preparation of food-derived peptides on improving osteoporosis: A review. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101530. [PMID: 38933991 PMCID: PMC11200288 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of the microstructure of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures and affecting human health worldwide. Food-derived peptides are widely used in functional foods due to their low toxicity, ease of digestion and absorption, and potential to improve osteoporosis. This review summarized and discussed methods of diagnosing osteoporosis, treatment approaches, specific peptides as alternatives to conventional drugs, and the laboratory preparation and identification methods of peptides. It was found that peptides interacting with RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid)-binding active sites in integrin could alleviate osteoporosis, analyzed the interaction sites between these osteogenic peptides and integrin, and further discussed their effects on improving osteoporosis. These may provide new insights for rapid screening of osteogenic peptides, and provide a theoretical basis for their application in bone materials and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hongrui Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zijin Qin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Clarke, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shuang Cong
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Torres HM, VanCleave AM, Vollmer M, Callahan DL, Smithback A, Conn JM, Rodezno-Antunes T, Gao Z, Cao Y, Afeworki Y, Tao J. Selective Targeting of Class I Histone Deacetylases in a Model of Human Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4199. [PMID: 34439353 PMCID: PMC8394112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is associated with the pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma, which may present an epigenetic vulnerability as well as a therapeutic target. Domatinostat (4SC-202) is a next-generation class I HDAC inhibitor that is currently being used in clinical research for certain cancers, but its impact on human osteosarcoma has yet to be explored. In this study, we report that 4SC-202 inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. By analyzing cell function in vitro, we show that the anti-tumor effect of 4SC-202 involves the combined induction of cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptotic program, as well as a reduction in cell invasion and migration capabilities. We also found that 4SC-202 has little capacity to promote osteogenic differentiation. Remarkably, 4SC-202 revised the global transcriptome and induced distinct signatures of gene expression in vitro. Moreover, 4SC-202 decreased tumor growth of established human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice in vivo. We further reveal key targets regulated by 4SC-202 that contribute to tumor cell growth and survival, and canonical signaling pathways associated with progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Our study suggests that 4SC-202 may be exploited as a valuable drug to promote more effective treatment of patients with osteosarcoma and provide molecular insights into the mechanism of action of class I HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee M. Torres
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Ashley M. VanCleave
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Mykayla Vollmer
- Medical Student Research Program, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA;
| | - Dakota L. Callahan
- Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research, University of Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Austyn Smithback
- Sanford PROMISE Scholar Program, Harrisburg High School, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Josephine M. Conn
- Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA;
| | - Tania Rodezno-Antunes
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zili Gao
- Flow Cytometry Core at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Yuxia Cao
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yohannes Afeworki
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Core Facility at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Jianning Tao
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Duangchan T, Tawonsawatruk T, Angsanuntsukh C, Trachoo O, Hongeng S, Kitiyanant N, Supokawej A. Amelioration of osteogenesis in iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells from osteogenesis imperfecta patients by endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor. Life Sci 2021; 278:119628. [PMID: 34015290 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder primarily caused by mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2, which encode type I collagen. These mutations affect the quantity and/or quality of collagen composition in bones, leading to bone fragility. Currently, there is still a lack of treatment that addresses disease-causing factors due to an insufficient understanding of the pathological mechanisms involved. MAIN METHODS Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from OI patients with glycine substitution mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2 and developed into mesenchymal stem cells (iPS-MSCs). OI-derived iPS-MSCs underwent in vitro osteogenic induction to study cell growth, osteogenic differentiation capacity, mRNA expression of osteogenic and unfolded protein response (UPR) markers and apoptosis. The effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) were examined after treatment of OI iPS-MSCs during osteogenesis. KEY FINDINGS OI-derived iPS-MSCs exhibited decreased cell growth and impaired osteogenic differentiation and collagen expression. Expression of UPR genes was increased, which led to an increase in apoptotic cell death. 4-PBA treatment decreased apoptotic cells and reduced expression of UPR genes, including HSPA5, XBP1, ATF4, DDIT3, and ATF6. Osteogenic phenotypes, including RUNX2, SPP1, BGLAP, and IBPS expression, as well as calcium mineralization, were also improved. SIGNIFICANCE MSCs differentiated from disease-specific iPSCs have utility as a disease model for identifying disease-specific treatments. In addition, the ER stress-associated UPR could be a pathogenic mechanism associated with OI. Treatment with 4-PBA alleviated OI pathogenesis by attenuating UPR markers and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitinat Duangchan
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chanika Angsanuntsukh
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Objoon Trachoo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Narisorn Kitiyanant
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Wang N, Wang H, Chen J, Wang F, Wang S, Zhou Q, Ying J, Huang S, Wang P, Yuan F. ACY‑1215, a HDAC6 inhibitor, decreases the dexamethasone‑induced suppression of osteogenesis in MC3T3‑E1 cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2451-2459. [PMID: 32705192 PMCID: PMC7411391 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is the commonest form of drug-induced osteoporosis. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in the differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. However, the role of ricolinostat (ACY-1215, HDAC6 inhibitor) in the dexamethasone (Dex)-induced proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts remains to be elucidated. The protein expression and mRNA expression levels of HDAC6, osteopontin (OPN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), collagen I (COL1A1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and capacity of mineralization was determined by ALP assay kit and alizarin red staining. HDAC6 expression was increased in patient serum and Dex-induced MC3T3-E1 cells at a certain concentration range; 1 µM Dex was selected for further experimentation. Cell viability was decreased after Dex induction and restored following ACY-1215 treatment. The ALP activity and capability for mineralization was decreased when MC3T3-E1 cells were induced by 1 µM Dex and was gradually improved by the treatment of ACY-1215 at 1, 5 and 10 mM. The expression of OPN, Runx2, Osx and COL1A1 was similar, with the changes of capability for mineralization. Furthermore, GR expression was increased in Dex-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. ACY-1215 promoted the GR expression in MC3T3-E1 cells from 1–5 mM while GR receptor expression was increased with 10 mM ACY-1215 treatment. In conclusion, ACY-1215 reversed the Dex-induced suppression of proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Fubin Wang
- Department of Inspection, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Shuaiyi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing (The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Jichong Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Shanzhao Huang
- Department of Osteopeniology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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6
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Loh AHP, Stewart E, Bradley CL, Chen X, Daryani V, Stewart CF, Calabrese C, Funk A, Miller G, Karlstrom A, Krafcik F, Goshorn DR, Vogel P, Bahrami A, Shelat A, Dyer MA. Combinatorial screening using orthotopic patient derived xenograft-expanded early phase cultures of osteosarcoma identify novel therapeutic drug combinations. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:262-270. [PMID: 30395907 PMCID: PMC6342199 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lead discovery in osteosarcoma has been hampered by the lack of new agents, limited representative clinical samples and paucity of accurate preclinical models. We developed orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) that recapitulated the molecular, cellular and histologic features of primary tumors, and screened PDX-expanded short-term cultures and commercial cell lines of osteosarcoma against focused drug libraries. Osteosarcoma cells were most sensitive to HDAC, proteasome, and combination PI3K/MEK and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, and least sensitive to PARP, RAF, ERK and MEK inhibitors. Correspondingly, PI3K signaling pathway genes were up-regulated in metastatic tumors compared to primary tumors. In combinatorial screens, as a class, HDAC inhibitors showed additive effects when combined with standard-of-care agents gemcitabine and doxorubicin. This lead discovery strategy afforded a means to perform high-throughput drug screens of tumor cells that accurately recapitulated those from original human tumors, and identified classes of novel and repurposed drugs with activity against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos H P Loh
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Cori L Bradley
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Vinay Daryani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christopher Calabrese
- Animal Resources Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Amy Funk
- Animal Resources Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Greg Miller
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Asa Karlstrom
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Fred Krafcik
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David R Goshorn
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Animal Resources Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Anang Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
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7
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Xin F, Smith LM, Susiarjo M, Bartolomei MS, Jepsen KJ. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, epigenetics, and skeletal system dysfunction: exploration of links using bisphenol A as a model system. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2018; 4:dvy002. [PMID: 29732168 PMCID: PMC5920333 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been associated with physiological changes of endocrine-sensitive tissues throughout postnatal life. Although hormones play a critical role in skeletal growth and maintenance, the effects of prenatal EDC exposure on adult bone health are not well understood. Moreover, studies assessing skeletal changes across multiple generations are limited. In this article, we present previously unpublished data demonstrating dose-, sex-, and generation-specific changes in bone morphology and function in adult mice developmentally exposed to the model estrogenic EDC bisphenol A (BPA) at doses of 10 μg (lower dose) or 10 mg per kg bw/d (upper dose) throughout gestation and lactation. We show that F1 generation adult males, but not females, developmentally exposed to bisphenol A exhibit dose-dependent reductions in outer bone size resulting in compromised bone stiffness and strength. These structural alterations and weaker bone phenotypes in the F1 generation did not persist in the F2 generation. Instead, F2 generation males exhibited greater bone strength. The underlying mechanisms driving the EDC-induced physiological changes remain to be determined. We discuss potential molecular changes that could contribute to the EDC-induced skeletal effects, with an emphasis on epigenetic dysregulation. Furthermore, we assess the necessity of intact sex steroid receptors to mediate these effects. Expanding future assessments of EDC-induced effects to the skeleton may provide much needed insight into one of the many health effects of these chemicals and aid in regulatory decision making regarding exposure of vulnerable populations to these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Xin
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren M Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY14642, USA
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl J Jepsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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8
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Huynh NCN, Everts V, Ampornaramveth RS. Histone deacetylases and their roles in mineralized tissue regeneration. Bone Rep 2017; 7:33-40. [PMID: 28856178 PMCID: PMC5565747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that controls expression of certain genes. It includes non-sequence-based changes of chromosomal regional structure that can alter the expression of genes. Acetylation of histones is controlled by the activity of two groups of enzymes: the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs remove acetyl groups from the histone tail, which alters its charge and thus promotes compaction of DNA in the nucleosome. HDACs render the chromatin structure into a more compact form of heterochromatin, which makes the genes inaccessible for transcription. By altering the transcriptional activity of bone-associated genes, HDACs control both osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. This review presents an overview of the function of HDACs in the modulation of bone formation. Special attention is paid to the use of HDAC inhibitors in mineralized tissue regeneration from cells of dental origin. HDACs regulate the transcription activity of bone related genes. Inhibition of HDAC promotes osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation. HDAC inhibitors are applicable for mineral tissue regeneration therapy.
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Key Words
- ADSCs, adipose tissue-derived stem cells
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BSP, bone sialoprotein
- Bone regeneration
- COL1, type I collagen
- DMP1, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1
- DPSCs, dental-derived stem cells
- DSPP, dentin sialophosphoprotein
- Dentin formation
- Epigenetic
- GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone acetyltransferase
- Histone deacetylase
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- NaB, sodium butyrate
- OCN, osteocalcin
- OPN, osteopontin
- PCL/PEG, polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol
- RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2
- SOST, sclerostin
- TGF-β/BMP, transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein
- TSA, Trichostatin A
- VPA, valproic acid
- WNT/β-catenin, Wingless-int
- hPDLCs, human periodontal ligament cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Cong-Nhat Huynh
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Abstract
Bone is a major organ in the skeletal system that supports and protects muscles and other organs, facilitates movement and hematopoiesis, and forms a reservoir of minerals including calcium. The cells in the bone, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, orchestrate sequential and balanced regulatory mechanisms to maintain bone and are capable of differentiating in bones. Bone development and remodeling require a precise regulation of gene expressions in bone cells, a process governed by epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modification, DNA methylation, and chromatin structure. Importantly, lineage-specific transcription factors can determine the epigenetic regulation of bone cells. Emerging data suggest that perturbation of epigenetic programs can affect the function and activity of bone cells and contributes to pathogenesis of bone diseases, including osteoporosis. Thus, understanding epigenetic regulations in bone cells would be important for early diagnosis and future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David C. Rosensweig Center for Genomics Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Rimando MG, Wu HH, Liu YA, Lee CW, Kuo SW, Lo YP, Tseng KF, Liu YS, Lee OKS. Glucocorticoid receptor and Histone deacetylase 6 mediate the differential effect of dexamethasone during osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Sci Rep 2016; 6:37371. [PMID: 27901049 PMCID: PMC5128810 DOI: 10.1038/srep37371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage commitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts in vitro is enhanced by a potent synthetic form of glucocorticoid (GC), dexamethasone (Dex). Paradoxically, when used chronically in patients, GCs exert negative effects on bone, a phenomenon known as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in clinical practice. The mechanism on how GC differentially affects bone precursor cells to become mature osteoblasts during osteogenesis remains elusive. In this study, the dose and temporal regulation of Dex on MSC differentiation into osteoblasts were investigated. We found that continuous Dex treatment led to a net reduction of the maturation potential of differentiating osteoblasts. This phenomenon correlated with a decrease in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, hastened degradation, and impaired sub cellular localization. Similarly, Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression was found to be regulated by Dex, co-localized with GR and this GR-HDAC6 complex occupied the promoter region of the osteoblast late marker osteocalcin (OCN). Combinatorial inhibition of HDAC6 and GR enhanced OCN expression. Together, the cross-talk between the Dex effector molecule GR and the inhibitory molecule HDAC6 provided mechanistic explanation of the bimodal effect of Dex during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These findings may provide new directions of research to combat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn G Rimando
- Molecular Medicine Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ping Lo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Fung Tseng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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11
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Pike JW, Meyer MB, St John HC, Benkusky NA. Epigenetic histone modifications and master regulators as determinants of context dependent nuclear receptor activity in bone cells. Bone 2015; 81:757-764. [PMID: 25819039 PMCID: PMC4584159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic annotation of unique and combinatorial epigenetic modifications along with transcription factor occupancy is having a profound impact on our understanding of the genome. These studies have led to a better appreciation of the dynamic nature of the epigenetic and transcription factor binding components that reveal overarching principles of the genome as well as tissue specificity. In this minireview, we discuss the presence and potential functions of several of these features across the genome in osteoblast lineage cells. We examine how these features are modulated during cellular maturation, affect transcriptional output and phenotype, and how they alter the ability of cells to respond to systemic signals directed by calcemic hormones such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and PTH. In particular, we describe recent experiments which indicate that progressive stages of bone cell differentiation affect RUNX2 binding to the genome, modify and restrict patterns of gene expression, and dramatically alter cellular response to the vitamin D hormone. These studies expand our understanding of mechanisms that govern steroid hormone regulation of gene expression, while highlighting the increasing complexity that is evident relative to these basic cellular processes. The results also have profound implications with respect to the impact of skeletal diseases on transcriptional outcomes as well. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Epigenetics and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Mark B Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hillary C St John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nancy A Benkusky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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12
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Shimizu E, Nakatani T, He Z, Partridge NC. Parathyroid hormone regulates histone deacetylase (HDAC) 4 through protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in osteoblastic cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21340-50. [PMID: 24904057 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.550699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are crucial regulators of gene expression in transcriptional co-repressor complexes. Previously, we reported that HDAC4 was a basal repressor of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) transcription and parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates HDAC4 to control MMP-13 promoter activity through dissociation from Runx2. Here, we show that PTH induces the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of HDAC4 in the nucleus of the rat osteoblastic cell line, UMR 106-01. We demonstrate that PKA-dependent phosphorylated HDAC4 is released from Runx2 bound to the MMP-13 promoter in these cells. Point mutation of Ser-740 in rHDAC4 prevents the release of HDAC4 from Runx2 on the MMP-13 promoter and also prevents the PTH stimulation of MMP-13 transcription. Thus, PTH-induced phosphorylation of rHDAC4 at Ser-740 is crucial for regulating MMP-13 transcription in osteoblasts. PTH causes degradation of HDAC4, and this product appears in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic degradation of HDAC4 is blocked by PKA and lysosomal inhibitors, but is not affected by proteasome, caspase-3, or serine and aspartic protease inhibitors. In addition, the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, prevents degradation indicating that dephosphorylation is associated with degradation. These mechanisms regulating HDAC4 and their roles in such processes are crucial for bone and chondrocyte development. Our data support a link between PTH regulating HDAC4 phosphorylation by PKA, trafficking, partial degradation, and the control of MMP-13 transcription through association with Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Shimizu
- From the Departments of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology and Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010
| | - Teruyo Nakatani
- From the Departments of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology and
| | - Zhiming He
- From the Departments of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology and
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13
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Azechi T, Kanehira D, Kobayashi T, Sudo R, Nishimura A, Sato F, Wachi H. Trichostatin A, an HDAC class I/II inhibitor, promotes Pi-induced vascular calcification via up-regulation of the expression of alkaline phosphatase. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:538-47. [PMID: 23518467 DOI: 10.5551/jat.15826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Vascular calcification, a major complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), refers to the mineralization of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting from a phenotypic change towards osteoblast-like cells. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs), potential therapeutic agents for CKD, are known to promote the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of an HDI on the phenotypic change of VSMCs and the development of vascular calcification. METHODS The effect of trichostatin A (TSA), an HDI, on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) was determined. The mineralization of HASMCs was induced by inorganic phosphorus (Pi), and was confirmed by quantitation of Ca levels and by von Kossa staining. Furthermore, we examined the effect of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) suppression using siRNA on Pi-induced vascular calcification in the presence or absence of TSA. RESULTS TSA increased the expression and activity of ALP in HASMCs at a concentration which showed an inhibitory effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity but not on cell viability. Moreover, TSA promoted the Pi-induced mineralization of HASMCs. In addition, both phosphonoformic acid (PFA), which is a sodium-dependent phosphate transporter inhibitor, and suppression of ALP expression by siRNA markedly inhibited the TSA-promoted mineralization of HASMCs. CONCLUSION These data show that inhibition of HDAC activity promotes Pi-induced vascular calcification via the up-regulation of ALP expression. Taken together, HDIs may increase the risk of vascular calcification in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Azechi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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14
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Bradley EW, Carpio LR, Westendorf JJ. Histone deacetylase 3 suppression increases PH domain and leucine-rich repeat phosphatase (Phlpp)1 expression in chondrocytes to suppress Akt signaling and matrix secretion. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9572-9582. [PMID: 23408427 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.423723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HDACs epigenetically regulate cellular processes by modifying chromatin and influencing gene expression. We previously reported that conditional deletion of Hdac3 in osteo-chondroprogenitor cells with Osx1-Cre caused severe osteopenia due to abnormal maturation of osteoblasts. The mice were also smaller. To address the abnormal longitudinal growth in these animals, the role of Hdac3 in chondrocyte differentiation was evaluated. We found that Hdac3 is highly expressed in resting and prehypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes, as well as in articular chondrocytes. Hdac3-deficient chondrocytes entered hypertrophy sooner and were smaller than normal chondrocytes. Extracellular matrix production was suppressed as glycosaminoglycan secretion and production of aggrecan, osteopontin, and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein were reduced in Hdac3-deficient chondrocytes. These phenotypes led to the hypothesis that the Akt/mTOR pathway was repressed in these Hdac3-deficient chondrocytes because Akt promotes hypertrophy and matrix production in many tissues. The phosphorylation and activation of Akt, its substrate mTOR, and the mTOR substrate, p70 S6 kinase, were indeed reduced in Hdac3-deficient primary chondrocytes as well as in chondrocytes exposed to HDAC inhibitors. Expression of constitutively active Akt restored phosphorylation of mTOR and p70 S6K and matrix gene expression levels. Reduced phosphorylation of Akt and its substrates in Hdac3-deficient or HDAC inhibitors treated chondrocytes correlated with increased expression of the phosphatase Phlpp1. Hdac3 associated with a Phlpp1 promoter region containing Smad binding elements and was released after TGFβ was added to the culture. These data demonstrate that Hdac3 controls chondrocyte hypertrophy and matrix content by repressing Phlpp1 expression and facilitating Akt activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lomeli R Carpio
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
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15
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McGee-Lawrence ME, Bradley EW, Dudakovic A, Carlson SW, Ryan ZC, Kumar R, Dadsetan M, Yaszemski MJ, Chen Q, An KN, Westendorf JJ. Histone deacetylase 3 is required for maintenance of bone mass during aging. Bone 2013; 52:296-307. [PMID: 23085085 PMCID: PMC3513670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) is a nuclear enzyme that removes acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones and other proteins to epigenetically regulate gene expression. Hdac3 interacts with bone-related transcription factors and co-factors such as Runx2 and Zfp521, and thus is poised to play a key role in the skeletal system. To understand the role of Hdac3 in osteoblasts and osteocytes, Hdac3 conditional knockout (CKO) mice were created with the osteocalcin (OCN) promoter driving Cre expression. Hdac3 CKO(OCN) mice were of normal size and weight, but progressively lost trabecular and cortical bone mass with age. The Hdac3 CKO(OCN) mice exhibited reduced cortical bone mineralization and material properties and suffered frequent fractures. Bone resorption was lower, not higher, in the Hdac3 CKO(OCN) mice, suggesting that primary defects in osteoblasts caused the reduced bone mass. Indeed, reductions in bone formation were observed. Osteoblasts and osteocytes from Hdac3 CKO(OCN) mice showed increased DNA damage and reduced functional activity in vivo and in vitro. Thus, Hdac3 expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes is essential for bone maintenance during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth W. Bradley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Samuel W. Carlson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Zachary C. Ryan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Mahrokh Dadsetan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Michael J. Yaszemski
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Kai-Nan An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Jennifer J. Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
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16
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Wittenburg LA, Ptitsyn AA, Thamm DH. A systems biology approach to identify molecular pathways altered by HDAC inhibition in osteosarcoma. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:773-83. [PMID: 21976144 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary tumor in humans and dogs affecting the skeleton, and spontaneously occurring OS in dogs serves as an extremely useful model. Unacceptable toxicities using current treatment protocols prevent further dose-intensification from being a viable option to improve patient survival and thus, novel treatment strategies must be developed. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have recently emerged as a promising class of therapeutics demonstrating an ability to enhance the anti-tumor activity of traditional chemotherapeutics. To date, gene expression analysis of OS cell lines treated with HDACi has not been reported, and evaluation of the resultant gene expression changes may provide insight into the mechanisms that lead to success of HDACi. Canine OS cells, treated with a clinically relevant concentration of the HDACi valproic acid (VPA), were used for expression analysis on the Affymetrix canine v2.0 genechip. Differentially expressed genes were grouped into pathways based upon functional annotation; pathway analysis was performed with MetaCore and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software. Validation of microarray results was performed by a combination of qRT-PCR and functional/biochemical assays revealing oxidative phosphorylation, cytoskeleton remodeling, cell cycle, and ubiquitin-proteasome among those pathways most affected by HDACi. The mitomycin C-bioactivating enzyme NQ01 also demonstrated upregulation following VPA treatment, leading to synergistic reductions in cell viability. These results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms by which HDACi exert their effect in OS, and have the potential to identify biomarkers that may serve as novel targets and/or predictors of response to HDACi-containing combination therapies in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Wittenburg
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Animal Cancer Center, 300 W. Drake Rd., Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1620, USA.
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17
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Xu F, Flowers S, Moran E. Essential role of ARID2 protein-containing SWI/SNF complex in tissue-specific gene expression. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:5033-41. [PMID: 22184115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.279968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfolding of the gene expression program that converts precursor cells to their terminally differentiated counterparts is critically dependent on the nucleosome-remodeling activity of the mammalian SWI/SNF complex. The complex can be powered by either of two alternative ATPases, BRM or BRG1. BRG1 is critical for development and the activation of tissue specific genes and is found in two major stable configurations. The complex of BRG1-associated factors termed BAF is the originally characterized form of mammalian SWI/SNF. A more recently recognized configuration shares many of the same subunits but is termed PBAF in recognition of a unique subunit, the polybromo protein (PBRM1). Two other unique subunits, BRD7 and ARID2, are also diagnostic of PBAF. PBAF plays an essential role in development, apparent from the embryonic lethality of Pbmr1-null mice, but very little is known about the role of PBAF, or its signature subunits, in tissue-specific gene expression in individual differentiation programs. Osteoblast differentiation is an attractive model for tissue-specific gene expression because the process is highly regulated and remains tightly synchronized over a period of several weeks. This model was used here, with a stable shRNA-mediated depletion approach, to examine the role of the signature PBAF subunit, ARID2, during differentiation. This analysis identifies a critical role for ARID2-containing complexes in promoting osteoblast differentiation and supports a view that the PBAF subset of SWI/SNF contributes importantly to maintaining cellular identity and activating tissue-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, New Jersey Medical School-University Hospital Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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18
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Zhang Z, Deepak V, Meng L, Wang L, Li Y, Jiang Q, Zeng X, Liu W. Analysis of HDAC1-mediated regulation of Runx2-induced osteopontin gene expression in C3h10t1/2 cells. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:197-203. [PMID: 21972143 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) deacetylate lysine residues of histone and non-histone proteins and thereby regulate the cell-cycle, gene expression, and several other processes. We have analyzed the effects of HDAC1 on Runx2-mediated regulation of osteopontin (OPN) promoter activation and gene expression in mesenchymal progenitor C3h10t1/2 cells and show that co-expression of HDAC1 along with Runx2 results in down-regulation of Runx2-induced OPN mRNA expression during both the proliferation and differentiation stages of C3h10t1/2 cells. Luciferase assay results revealed that HDAC1 efficiently down-regulated Runx2-stimulated OPN promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner whereas TSA relieved the HDAC1-mediated repression and up-regulated the Runx2-induced OPN promoter activity and mRNA expression. In vivo HDAC1 co-localized and physically interacted with Runx2 and associated with the OPN promoter. Thus, HDAC1 not only plays a critical role in regulation of Runx2-stimulated expression of osteogenic genes, like OPN, but also regulate the proliferation and differentiation stages of mesenchymal progenitor cells, such as C3h10t1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Cell Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
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19
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Bradley EW, McGee-Lawrence ME, Westendorf JJ. Hdac-mediated control of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2011; 21:101-13. [PMID: 22077150 PMCID: PMC3218555 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v21.i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) remove acetyl groups (CH3CO-) from ε-amino groups in lysine residues within histones and other proteins. This posttranslational (de) modification alters protein stability, protein-protein interactions, and chromatin structure. Hdac activity plays important roles in the development of all organs and tissues, including the mineralized skeleton. Bone is a dynamic tissue that forms and regenerates by two processes: endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Chondrocytes and osteoblasts are responsible for producing the extracellular matrices of skeletal tissues. Several Hdacs contribute to the molecular pathways and chromatin changes that regulate tissue-specific gene expression during chondrocyte and osteoblast specification, maturation, and terminal differentiation. In this review, we summarize the roles of class I and class II Hdacs in chondrocytes and osteoblasts. The effects of small molecule Hdac inhibitors on the skeleton are also discussed.
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20
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Abstract
The generation of complex organisms requires that an initial population of cells with identical gene expression profiles can adopt different cell fates during development by progressively diverging transcriptional programs. These programs depend on the binding of transcritional regulators to specific genomic sites, which in turn is controlled by modifications of the chromatin. Chromatin modifications may occur directly upon DNA by methylation of specific nucleotides, or may involve post-translational modification of histones. Local regulation of histone post-translational modifications regionalizes the genome into euchromatic regions, which are more accessible to DNA-binding factors, and condensed heterochromatic regions, inhibiting the binding of such factors. In addition, these modifications may be required in a genome-wide fashion for processes such as DNA replication or chromosome condensation. From an embryologist's point of view chromatin modifications are intensively studied in the context of imprinting and have more recently received increasing attention in understanding the basis of pluripotency and cellular differentiation. Here, we describe recently uncovered roles of chromatin modifications in zebrafish development and regeneration, as well as available resources and commonly used techniques. We provide a general introduction into chromatin modifications and their respective functions with a focus on gene transcription, as well as key aspects of their roles in the early zebrafish embryo, neural development, formation of the digestive system and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Cayuso Mas
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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21
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Pratap J, Lian JB, Stein GS. Metastatic bone disease: role of transcription factors and future targets. Bone 2011; 48:30-6. [PMID: 20561908 PMCID: PMC2958222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Progression of cancer from the earliest event of cell transformation through stages of tumor growth and metastasis at a distal site involves many complex biological processes. Underlying the numerous responses of cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment which support their survival, migration and metastasis are transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes reflecting properties of the tumor cell. A number of transcription factors have been identified that play key roles in promoting oncogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis and tissue destruction. Relevant to solid tumors and leukemias, tissue-specific transcription factors that are deregulated resulting from mutations, being silenced or aberrantly expressed, have been well characterized. These are the master transcription factors of the Runx family of genes, the focus of this review, with emphasis placed on Runx2 that is abnormally expressed at very high levels in cancer cell lines that are metastatic to bone. Recent evidence has identified a correlation of Runx2 levels in advanced stages of prostate and breast cancer and demonstrated that effective depletion of Runx2 by RNA interference inhibits migration and invasive properties of the cells prevents metastatic bone disease. This striking effect is consistent with the broad spectrum of Runx2 properties in activating many genes in tumor cells that have already been established as indicators of bone metastasis in poor prognosis. Potential strategies to translate these findings for therapeutic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh Pratap
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655
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22
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Razidlo DF, Whitney TJ, Casper ME, McGee-Lawrence ME, Stensgard BA, Li X, Secreto FJ, Knutson SK, Hiebert SW, Westendorf JJ. Histone deacetylase 3 depletion in osteo/chondroprogenitor cells decreases bone density and increases marrow fat. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11492. [PMID: 20628553 PMCID: PMC2901996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (Hdac)3 is a nuclear enzyme that contributes to epigenetic programming and is required for embryonic development. To determine the role of Hdac3 in bone formation, we crossed mice harboring loxP sites around exon 7 of Hdac3 with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the osterix promoter. The resulting Hdac3 conditional knockout (CKO) mice were runted and had severe deficits in intramembranous and endochondral bone formation. Calvarial bones were significantly thinner and trabecular bone volume in the distal femur was decreased 75% in the Hdac3 CKO mice due to a substantial reduction in trabecular number. Hdac3-CKO mice had fewer osteoblasts and more bone marrow adipocytes as a proportion of tissue area than their wildtype or heterozygous littermates. Bone formation rates were depressed in both the cortical and trabecular regions of Hdac3 CKO femurs. Microarray analyses revealed that numerous developmental signaling pathways were affected by Hdac3-deficiency. Thus, Hdac3 depletion in osterix-expressing progenitor cells interferes with bone formation and promotes bone marrow adipocyte differentiation. These results demonstrate that Hdac3 inhibition is detrimental to skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Razidlo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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23
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Downing C, Biers J, Larson C, Kimball A, Wright H, Ishii T, Gilliam D, Johnson T. Genetic and maternal effects on valproic acid teratogenesis in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:632-9. [PMID: 20457659 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is used worldwide to treat epilepsy, migraine headaches, and bipolar disorder. However, VPA is teratogenic and in utero exposure can lead to congenital malformations. Using inbred C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice, we asked whether genetic variation could play a role in susceptibility to VPA teratogenesis. Whereas B6 fetuses were more susceptible than D2 fetuses to digit and vertebral malformations, D2 fetuses were more susceptible to rib malformations. In a reciprocal cross between B6 and D2, genetically identical F1 mice carried in a B6 mother had a greater percentage of vertebral malformations following prenatal VPA exposure than F1 mice carried in a D2 mother. This reciprocal F1 difference is known as a maternal effect and shows that maternal genotype/uterine environment is an important mediator of VPA teratogenecity. VPA is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and it is possible that the differential teratogenesis in B6 and D2 is because of strain differences in histone acetylation. We observed strain differences in acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in both embryo and placenta following in utero VPA exposure, but additional studies are needed to determine the significance of these changes in mediating teratogenesis. Our results provide additional support that genetic factors, both maternal and fetal, play a role in VPA teratogenesis. Lines of mice derived from B6 and D2 will be a useful model for elucidating the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to VPA teratogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Downing
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0447, USA.
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24
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Wuelling M, Vortkamp A. Transcriptional networks controlling chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation during endochondral ossification. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25:625-31. [PMID: 19949815 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During endochondral ossification bones are formed as cartilage templates in which chondrocytes proliferate, differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes and are gradually replaced by bone. Postnatally, remnants of embryonic chondrocytes remain in a restricted domain between the ossified regions of the bones forming the growth plate. The coordinated proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes ensures the continuous elongation of the epiphyseal growth plates. The sequential changes between proliferation and differentiation are tightly regulated by secreted growth factors, which activate chondrocyte-specific transcription factors. Transcription factors that play critical roles in regulating cell-type-specific gene expression include Sox9, Gli2/3, and Runx2. The interaction of these transcription factors with general transcriptional regulators like histone-modifying enzymes provides an additional level of regulation to fine-tune the expression of target genes in different chondrocyte populations. This review will outline recent advances in the analysis of the complex transcriptional network that regulates the distinct steps of chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Wuelling
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
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25
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Shimizu E, Selvamurugan N, Westendorf JJ, Olson EN, Partridge NC. HDAC4 represses matrix metalloproteinase-13 transcription in osteoblastic cells, and parathyroid hormone controls this repression. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9616-9626. [PMID: 20097749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.094862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone regulating bone remodeling through its actions on both bone formation and bone resorption. Previously we reported that PTH induces matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) transcription in osteoblastic cells. Here, we show that histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) interacts with Runx2, binds the MMP-13 promoter, and suppresses MMP-13 gene transcription in the rat osteoblastic cell line, UMR 106-01. PTH induces the rapid cAMP-dependent protein kinase-dependent release of HDAC4 from the MMP-13 promoter and subsequent transcription of MMP-13. Knock-out of HDAC4 either by siRNA in vitro or by gene deletion in vivo leads to an increase in MMP-13 expression, and overexpression of HDAC4 decreases the PTH induction of MMP-13. All of these observations indicate that HDAC4 represses MMP-13 gene transcription in bone. Moreover, PTH stimulates HDAC4 gene expression and enzymatic activity at times corresponding to the reassociation of HDAC4 with the MMP-13 promoter and a decline in its transcription. Thus, HDAC4 is a basal repressor of MMP-13 transcription, and PTH regulates HDAC4 to control MMP-13 promoter activity. These data identify a novel and discrete mechanism of regulating HDAC4 levels and, subsequently, gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Shimizu
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010.
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Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has been implicated in bone biology. Although BBR reduces osteoporosis by enhancing BMD and inhibiting osteoclast activity, the effects of BBR on osteoblasts during the process of osteogenesis have not been thoroughly studied. In osteoblastic cells, BBR enhanced the expression of osteogenic marker genes including osteopontin and osteocalcin and promoted the transcriptional activity of the key osteogenic transcription factor Runx2. In osteoblasts, BBR increased the binding of Runx2 to the promoter region of osteopontin. The recruitment of co-factors such as p300 and HDAC1 to the promoter regions of osteopontin and osteocalcin was regulated by BBR, resulting in an enhancement in the expression of those genes. Furthermore, BBR activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression, which are key factors in osteoblast differentiation. Consistently, a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor attenuated the effect of BBR on osteogenesis, whereas p38 MAPK overexpression augmented BBR-induced osteogenic gene expression. Moreover, BBR stimulated bone area formation in calvarial organ culture. Taken together, these findings indicate that BBR promotes osteoblast differentiation through activation of Runx2 by p38 MAPK. Therefore, BBR may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat bone-related disorders including osteoporosis.
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27
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Noël ES, Casal-Sueiro A, Busch-Nentwich E, Verkade H, Dong PDS, Stemple DL, Ober EA. Organ-specific requirements for Hdac1 in liver and pancreas formation. Dev Biol 2008; 322:237-50. [PMID: 18687323 PMCID: PMC3710974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver, pancreas and lung originate from the presumptive foregut in temporal and spatial proximity. This requires precisely orchestrated transcriptional activation and repression of organ-specific gene expression within the same cell. Here, we show distinct roles for the chromatin remodelling factor and transcriptional repressor Histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) in endodermal organogenesis in zebrafish. Loss of Hdac1 causes defects in timely liver specification and in subsequent differentiation. Mosaic analyses reveal a cell-autonomous requirement for hdac1 within the hepatic endoderm. Our studies further reveal specific functions for Hdac1 in pancreas development. Loss of hdac1 causes the formation of ectopic endocrine clusters anteriorly to the main islet, as well as defects in exocrine pancreas specification and differentiation. In addition, we observe defects in extrahepatopancreatic duct formation and morphogenesis. Finally, loss of hdac1 results in an expansion of the foregut endoderm in the domain from which the liver and pancreas originate. Our genetic studies demonstrate that Hdac1 is crucial for regulating distinct steps in endodermal organogenesis. This suggests a model in which Hdac1 may directly or indirectly restrict foregut fates while promoting hepatic and exocrine pancreatic specification and differentiation, as well as pancreatic endocrine islet morphogenesis. These findings establish zebrafish as a tractable system to investigate chromatin remodelling factor functions in controlling gene expression programmes in vertebrate endodermal organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Noël
- National Institute for Medical Research, Division of Developmental Biology, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
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