1
|
Mghezzi-Habellah M, Prochasson L, Jalinot P, Mocquet V. Viral Subversion of the Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 Export Pathway and Its Consequences for the Cell Host. Viruses 2023; 15:2218. [PMID: 38005895 PMCID: PMC10674744 DOI: 10.3390/v15112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the spatial distribution between cytoplasm and nucleus is essential for cell homeostasis. This dynamic distribution is selectively regulated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which allows the passive or energy-dependent transport of proteins between these two compartments. Viruses possess many strategies to hijack nucleocytoplasmic shuttling for the benefit of their viral replication. Here, we review how viruses interfere with the karyopherin CRM1 that controls the nuclear export of protein cargoes. We analyze the fact that the viral hijacking of CRM1 provokes are-localization of numerous cellular factors in a suitable place for specific steps of viral replication. While CRM1 emerges as a critical partner for viruses, it also takes part in antiviral and inflammatory response regulation. This review also addresses how CRM1 hijacking affects it and the benefits of CRM1 inhibitors as antiviral treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent Mocquet
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, U1293, UMR5239, 69364 Lyon, France; (M.M.-H.); (L.P.); (P.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren XX, Wang HB, Li C, Jiang JF, Xiong SD, Jin X, Wu L, Wang JH. HIV-1 Nef-associated Factor 1 Enhances Viral Production by Interacting with CRM1 to Promote Nuclear Export of Unspliced HIV-1 gag mRNA. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4580-8. [PMID: 26733199 PMCID: PMC4813482 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 depends on host-cell-encoded factors to complete its life cycle. A comprehensive understanding of how HIV-1 manipulates host machineries during viral infection can facilitate the identification of host targets for antiviral drugs or gene therapy. The cellular protein Naf1 (HIV-1 Nef-associated factor 1) is a CRM1-dependent nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein, and has been identified to regulate multiple receptor-mediated signal pathways in inflammation. The cytoplasm-located Naf1 can inhibit NF-κB activation through binding to A20, and the loss of Naf1 controlled NF-κB activation is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. However, the effect of Naf1 on HIV-1 mRNA expression has not been characterized. In this study we found that the nucleus-located Naf1 could promote nuclear export of unspliced HIV-1 gag mRNA. We demonstrated that the association between Naf1 and CRM1 was required for this function as the inhibition or knockdown of CRM1 expression significantly impaired Naf1-promoted HIV-1 production. The mutation of Naf1 nuclear export signals (NESs) that account for CRM1 recruitment for nuclear export decreased Naf1 function. Additionally, the mutation of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of Naf1 diminished its ability to promote HIV-1 production, demonstrating that the shuttling property of Naf1 is required for this function. Our results reveal a novel role of Naf1 in enhancing HIV-1 production, and provide a potential therapeutic target for controlling HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Ren
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Chuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Jin-Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Si-Dong Xiong
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goodier JL, Cheung LE, Kazazian HH. Mapping the LINE1 ORF1 protein interactome reveals associated inhibitors of human retrotransposition. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:7401-19. [PMID: 23749060 PMCID: PMC3753637 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LINE1s occupy 17% of the human genome and are its only active autonomous mobile DNA. L1s are also responsible for genomic insertion of processed pseudogenes and >1 million non-autonomous retrotransposons (Alus and SVAs). These elements have significant effects on gene organization and expression. Despite the importance of retrotransposons for genome evolution, much about their biology remains unknown, including cellular factors involved in the complex processes of retrotransposition and forming and transporting L1 ribonucleoprotein particles. By co-immunoprecipitation of tagged L1 constructs and mass spectrometry, we identified proteins associated with the L1 ORF1 protein and its ribonucleoprotein. These include RNA transport proteins, gene expression regulators, post-translational modifiers, helicases and splicing factors. Many cellular proteins co-localize with L1 ORF1 protein in cytoplasmic granules. We also assayed the effects of these proteins on cell culture retrotransposition and found strong inhibiting proteins, including some that control HIV and other retroviruses. These data suggest candidate cofactors that interact with the L1 to modulate its activity and increase our understanding of the means by which the cell coexists with these genomic 'parasites'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L. Goodier
- McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Johnson EM, Daniel DC, Gordon J. The pur protein family: genetic and structural features in development and disease. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:930-7. [PMID: 23018800 PMCID: PMC3747735 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Pur proteins are an ancient family of sequence-specific single-stranded nucleic acid-binding proteins. They bind a G-rich element in either single- or double-stranded nucleic acids and are capable of displacing the complementary C-rich strand. Recently several reports have described Pur family member knockouts, mutations, and disease aberrations. Together with a recent crystal structure of Purα, these data reveal conserved structural features of these proteins that have been adapted to serve functions unique to higher eukaryotes. In humans Pur proteins are critical for myeloid cell development, muscle development, and brain development, including trafficking of mRNA to neuronal dendrites. Pur family members have been implicated in diseases as diverse as cancer, premature aging, and fragile-X mental retardation syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507-1696, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kula A, Marcello A. Dynamic Post-Transcriptional Regulation of HIV-1 Gene Expression. BIOLOGY 2012; 1:116-33. [PMID: 24832221 PMCID: PMC4009772 DOI: 10.3390/biology1020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a highly regulated process. Basal transcription of the integrated provirus generates early transcripts that encode for the viral products Tat and Rev. Tat promotes the elongation of RNA polymerase while Rev mediates the nuclear export of viral RNAs that contain the Rev-responsive RNA element (RRE). These RNAs are exported from the nucleus to allow expression of Gag-Pol and Env proteins and for the production of full-length genomic RNAs. A balance exists between completely processed mRNAs and RRE-containing RNAs. Rev functions as an adaptor that recruits cellular factors to re-direct singly spliced and unspliced viral RNAs to nuclear export. The aim of this review is to address the dynamic regulation of this post-transcriptional pathway in light of recent findings that implicate several novel cellular cofactors of Rev function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste 99 34012, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste 99 34012, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaminski R, Cheeseboro L, Amini S, Johnson EM, White MK, Khalili K, Darbinyan A. Role of Purα in the cellular response to ultraviolet-C radiation. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:4164-73. [PMID: 20948313 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.20.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purα is a nucleic acid-binding protein with DNA-unwinding activity, which has recently been shown to have a role in the cellular response to DNA damage. We have investigated the function of Purα in Ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation-induced DNA damage and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Mouse embryo fibroblasts from PURA(-/-) knockout mice, which lack Purα, showed enhanced sensitivity to UVC irradiation as assessed by assays for cell viability and clonogenicity compared to Purα positive control cultures. In reporter plasmid reactivation assays to measure the removal of DNA adducts induced in vitro by UVC, the Purα-negative cells were less efficient in DNA damage repair. Purα-negative cells were also more sensitive to UVC-induced DNA damage measured by Comet assay and showed a decreased ability to remove UVC-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. In wild-type mouse fibroblasts, expression of Purα is induced following S-phase checkpoint activation by UVC in a similar manner to the NER factor TFIIH. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that Purα physically associates with TFIIH. Thus, Purα has a role in NER and the repair of UVC-induced DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Kaminski
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Rev remains a hot topic. In this review, we revisit the insights that have been gained into the control of gene expression by the retroviral protein Rev and speculate on where current research is leading. We outline what is known about the role of Rev in translation and encapsidation and how these are linked to its more traditional role of nuclear export, underlining the multifaceted nature of this small viral protein. We discuss what more is to be learned in these fields and why continuing research on these 116 amino acids and understanding their function is still important in devising methods to combat AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C T Groom
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - E C Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - A M L Lever
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
White MK, Johnson EM, Khalili K. Multiple roles for Puralpha in cellular and viral regulation. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:1-7. [PMID: 19182532 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.3.7585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pur-alpha is a ubiquitous multifunctional protein that is strongly conserved throughout evolution, binds to both DNA and RNA and functions in the initiation of DNA replication, control of transcription and mRNA translation. In addition, it binds to several cellular regulatory proteins including the retinoblastoma protein, E2F-1, Sp1, YB-1, cyclin T1/Cdk9 and cyclin A/Cdk2. These observations and functional studies provide evidence that Puralpha is a major player in the regulation of the cell cycle and oncogenic transformation. Puralpha also binds to viral proteins such as the large T-antigen of JC virus (JCV) and the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and plays a role in the cross-communication of these viruses in the opportunistic polyomavirus JC (JCV) brain infection, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The creation of transgenic mice with inactivation of the PURA gene that encodes Puralpha has revealed that Puralpha is critical for postnatal brain development and has unraveled an essential role of Puralpha in the transport of specific mRNAs to the dendrites and the establishment of the postsynaptic compartment in the developing neurons. Finally, the availability of cell cultures from the PURA knockout mice has allowed studies that have unraveled a role for Puralpha in DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martyn K White
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaminski R, Darbinyan A, Merabova N, Deshmane SL, White MK, Khalili K. Protective role of Puralpha to cisplatin. Cancer Biol Ther 2008; 7:1926-35. [PMID: 18927497 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.12.6938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleic acid-binding protein Puralpha is involved at stalled DNA replication forks, in double-strand break (DSB) DNA repair and the cellular response to DNA replication stress. Puralpha also regulates homologous recombination-directed DNA repair (HRR). RESULTS Cells lacking Puralpha showed enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin as evaluated by assays for cell viability and cell clonogenicity. This was seen both in Puralpha-negative MEFs and in human glioblastoma cells treated with siRNA directed against Puralpha. MEFs lacking Puralpha also showed enhanced H2AX phosphorylation in response to cisplatin. Repair of a reporter plasmid that had been treated with cisplatin was decreased in a reactivation assay using Puralpha-negative MEFs and the capacity of nuclear extracts from Puralpha-negative MEFs to perform non-homologous end-joining in vitro was also impaired. METHODS We investigated the effects of the DNA damage-inducing cancer chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin on mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from PURA(-/-) knockout mice that lack Puralpha. CONCLUSIONS Puralpha has a role in the cellular response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage and may provide new therapeutic modalities for cisplatin-resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Kaminski
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang H, White MK, Kaminski R, Darbinian N, Amini S, Johnson EM, Khalili K, Rappaport J. Role of Puralpha in the modulation of homologous recombination-directed DNA repair by HIV-1 Tat. Anticancer Res 2008; 28:1441-1447. [PMID: 18630497 PMCID: PMC2586959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleic acid-binding protein Puralpha is involved at stalled DNA replication forks, in double-strand break (DSB) DNA repair and the cellular response to DNA replication stress. Puralpha interacts with HIV-1 Tat, which regulates homologous recombination-directed DNA repair (HRR). MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated Rad51 and HRR regulation in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from PURA -/- knockout mice that lack Puralpha. RESULTS Rad51 was induced in PURA -/- MEFs but was repressed when Puralpha was ectopically expressed in these cells. Similarly Rad51 inversely correlated with the level of Puralpha in normal postnatal mouse brain. HIV-1 Tat stimulated HRR DNA repair of I-SceI induced DNA DSBs and the nuclear appearance of Rad51 foci. In contrast, Puralpha suppressed HRR DNA repair, Rad51 expression, and Rad51 foci formation. CONCLUSION Tat stimulates the Rad51 promoter involving both Puralpha-dependent and Puralpha-independent mechanisms. Interaction between Puralpha and Tat may have opposing effects on Rad51 expression. The effects on HRR may contribute to HIV-1 associated pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|