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Yang J, Pei T, Su G, Duan P, Liu X. AnnexinA6: a potential therapeutic target gene for extracellular matrix mineralization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1201200. [PMID: 37727505 PMCID: PMC10506415 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1201200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential and crucial process for physiological bone formation and pathological calcification. The abnormal function of ECM mineralization contributes to the worldwide risk of developing mineralization-related diseases; for instance, vascular calcification is attributed to the hyperfunction of ECM mineralization, while osteoporosis is due to hypofunction. AnnexinA6 (AnxA6), a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, has been extensively reported as an essential target in mineralization-related diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, osteosarcoma, and calcific aortic valve disease. To date, AnxA6, as the largest member of the Annexin family, has attracted much attention due to its significant contribution to matrix vesicles (MVs) production and release, MVs-ECM interaction, cytoplasmic Ca2+ influx, and maturation of hydroxyapatite, making it an essential target in ECM mineralization. In this review, we outlined the recent advancements in the role of AnxA6 in mineralization-related diseases and the potential mechanisms of AnxA6 under normal and mineralization-related pathological conditions. AnxA6 could promote ECM mineralization for bone regeneration in the manner described previously. Therefore, AnxA6 may be a potential osteogenic target for ECM mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Grewal T, Rentero C, Enrich C, Wahba M, Raabe CA, Rescher U. Annexin Animal Models-From Fundamental Principles to Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073439. [PMID: 33810523 PMCID: PMC8037771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine manipulation of the mouse genome has become a landmark in biomedical research. Traits that are only associated with advanced developmental stages can now be investigated within a living organism, and the in vivo analysis of corresponding phenotypes and functions advances the translation into the clinical setting. The annexins, a family of closely related calcium (Ca2+)- and lipid-binding proteins, are found at various intra- and extracellular locations, and interact with a broad range of membrane lipids and proteins. Their impacts on cellular functions has been extensively assessed in vitro, yet annexin-deficient mouse models generally develop normally and do not display obvious phenotypes. Only in recent years, studies examining genetically modified annexin mouse models which were exposed to stress conditions mimicking human disease often revealed striking phenotypes. This review is the first comprehensive overview of annexin-related research using animal models and their exciting future use for relevant issues in biology and experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Carsten A. Raabe
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
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3
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Korolkova OY, Widatalla SE, Williams SD, Whalen DS, Beasley HK, Ochieng J, Grewal T, Sakwe AM. Diverse Roles of Annexin A6 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and EGFR-Targeted Therapies. Cells 2020; 9:E1855. [PMID: 32784650 PMCID: PMC7465958 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium (Ca2+)-dependent membrane-binding Annexin A6 (AnxA6), is a multifunctional, predominantly intracellular scaffolding protein, now known to play relevant roles in different cancer types through diverse, often cell-type-specific mechanisms. AnxA6 is differentially expressed in various stages/subtypes of several cancers, and its expression in certain tumor cells is also induced by a variety of pharmacological drugs. Together with the secretion of AnxA6 as a component of extracellular vesicles, this suggests that AnxA6 mediates distinct tumor progression patterns via extracellular and/or intracellular activities. Although it lacks enzymatic activity, some of the AnxA6-mediated functions involving membrane, nucleotide and cholesterol binding as well as the scaffolding of specific proteins or multifactorial protein complexes, suggest its potential utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies for various cancers. In breast cancer, the low AnxA6 expression levels in the more aggressive basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype correlate with its tumor suppressor activity and the poor overall survival of basal-like TNBC patients. In this review, we highlight the potential tumor suppressor function of AnxA6 in TNBC progression and metastasis, the relevance of AnxA6 in the diagnosis and prognosis of several cancers and discuss the concept of therapy-induced expression of AnxA6 as a novel mechanism for acquired resistance of TNBC to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y. Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Sarrah E. Widatalla
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Stephen D. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Diva S. Whalen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Amos M. Sakwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
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4
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Veschi EA, Bolean M, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Pikula S, Granjon T, Mebarek S, Magne D, Ramos AP, Rosato N, Millán JL, Buchet R, Bottini M, Ciancaglini P. Localization of Annexin A6 in Matrix Vesicles During Physiological Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1367. [PMID: 32085611 PMCID: PMC7072960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A6 (AnxA6) is the largest member of the annexin family of proteins present in matrix vesicles (MVs). MVs are a special class of extracellular vesicles that serve as a nucleation site during cartilage, bone, and mantle dentin mineralization. In this study, we assessed the localization of AnxA6 in the MV membrane bilayer using native MVs and MV biomimetics. Biochemical analyses revealed that AnxA6 in MVs can be divided into three distinct groups. The first group corresponds to Ca2+-bound AnxA6 interacting with the inner leaflet of the MV membrane. The second group corresponds to AnxA6 localized on the surface of the outer leaflet. The third group corresponds to AnxA6 inserted in the membrane's hydrophobic bilayer and co-localized with cholesterol (Chol). Using monolayers and proteoliposomes composed of either dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) to mimic the outer leaflet of the MV membrane bilayer or a 9:1 DPPC:dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS) mixture to mimic the inner leaflet, with and without Ca2+, we confirmed that, in agreement with the biochemical data, AnxA6 interacted differently with the MV membrane. Thermodynamic analyses based on the measurement of surface pressure exclusion (πexc), enthalpy (ΔH), and phase transition cooperativity (Δt1/2) showed that AnxA6 interacted with DPPC and 9:1 DPPC:DPPS systems and that this interaction increased in the presence of Chol. The selective recruitment of AnxA6 by Chol was observed in MVs as probed by the addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). AnxA6-lipid interaction was also Ca2+-dependent, as evidenced by the increase in πexc in negatively charged 9:1 DPPC:DPPS monolayers and the decrease in ΔH in 9:1 DPPC:DPPS proteoliposomes caused by the addition of AnxA6 in the presence of Ca2+ compared to DPPC zwitterionic bilayers. The interaction of AnxA6 with DPPC and 9:1 DPPC:DPPS systems was distinct even in the absence of Ca2+ as observed by the larger change in Δt1/2 in 9:1 DPPC:DPPS vesicles as compared to DPPC vesicles. Protrusions on the surface of DPPC proteoliposomes observed by atomic force microscopy suggested that oligomeric AnxA6 interacted with the vesicle membrane. Further work is needed to delineate possible functions of AnxA6 at its different localizations and ways of interaction with lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekeveliny Amabile Veschi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Maytê Bolean
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Slawomir Pikula
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thierry Granjon
- Universite Lyon 1, UFR Chimie Biochimie, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- INSA, Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- CPE, Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Universite Lyon 1, UFR Chimie Biochimie, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- INSA, Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- CPE, Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Magne
- Universite Lyon 1, UFR Chimie Biochimie, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- INSA, Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- CPE, Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Nicola Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rene Buchet
- Universite Lyon 1, UFR Chimie Biochimie, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- INSA, Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- CPE, Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, CEDEX, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
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5
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Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Romiszewska M, Bozycki L, Mebarek S, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Buchet R, Pikula S. Src and ROCK Kinases Differentially Regulate Mineralization of Human Osteosarcoma Saos-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122872. [PMID: 31212828 PMCID: PMC6628028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts initiate bone mineralization by releasing matrix vesicles (MVs) into the extracellular matrix (ECM). MVs promote the nucleation process of apatite formation from Ca2+ and Pi in their lumen and bud from the microvilli of osteoblasts during bone development. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) as well as annexins (among them, AnxA6) are abundant proteins in MVs that are engaged in mineralization. In addition, sarcoma proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein (Src) kinase and Rho-associated coiled-coil (ROCK) kinases, which are involved in vesicular transport, may also regulate the mineralization process. Upon stimulation in osteogenic medium containing 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid (AA) and 7.5 mM of β-glycerophosphate (β-GP), human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells initiated mineralization, as evidenced by Alizarin Red-S (AR-S) staining, TNAP activity, and the partial translocation of AnxA6 from cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. The addition of 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine (PP2), which is an inhibitor of Src kinase, significantly inhibited the mineralization process when evaluated by the above criteria. In contrast, the addition of (R)-(+)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl) cyclohexane carboxamide hydrochloride (Y-27632), which is an inhibitor of ROCK kinase, did not affect significantly the mineralization induced in stimulated Saos-2 cells as denoted by AR-S and TNAP activity. In conclusion, mineralization by human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells seems to be differently regulated by Src and ROCK kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Romiszewska
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Bozycki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Université de Lyon, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université Lyon 1, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- NSA de Lyon, CEDEX 69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- CPE Lyon, CEDEX 69616 Villeurbanne, France.
- ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Joanna Bandorowicz-Pikula
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rene Buchet
- Université de Lyon, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université Lyon 1, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- NSA de Lyon, CEDEX 69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- CPE Lyon, CEDEX 69616 Villeurbanne, France.
- ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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González-Noriega A, Michalak C, Cervantes-Roldán R, Gómez-Romero V, León-Del-Río A. Two translation initiation codons direct the expression of annexin VI 64kDa and 68kDa isoforms. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:338-343. [PMID: 27743858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A6 is a multicompetent, multifunctional protein involved in several biological processes within and outside of the cell. Whereas HeLa cells express annexin A6 only as a 68/67-kDa doublet, indicating alternative splicing (Smith PD et al. (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 2713-2717), the GMO2784 human fibroblast cell line expresses two additional isoforms at 64 and 58kDa. In both cell lines, annexin A6 is located intracellularly and on the plasma membrane. In vitro eukaryotic protein synthesis of pIRESneoAnxA6 cDNA and pIRESneoAnxA6/Met1- or Met33- using a reticulocyte lysate coupled transcription/translation system revealed that this gene contains two translation start codons, Met1 and Met33. Immunoprecipitation of the products obtained from the transcription/translation system using various anti-annexin A6 antibodies confirmed the presence of several isoforms and suggested that this protein might be present in different configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso González-Noriega
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México.
| | - Colette Michalak
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Rafael Cervantes-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México; Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Vania Gómez-Romero
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México; Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México; Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México.
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7
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Domon MM, Nasir MN, Pikula S, Besson F. Influence of the 524-VAAEIL-529 sequence of annexins A6 in their interfacial behavior and interaction with lipid monolayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 403:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Koese M, Rentero C, Kota BP, Hoque M, Cairns R, Wood P, Vilà de Muga S, Reverter M, Alvarez-Guaita A, Monastyrskaya K, Hughes WE, Swarbrick A, Tebar F, Daly RJ, Enrich C, Grewal T. Annexin A6 is a scaffold for PKCα to promote EGFR inactivation. Oncogene 2012; 32:2858-72. [PMID: 22797061 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) can phosphorylate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at threonine 654 (T654) to inhibit EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation (pY-EGFR) and the associated activation of downstream effectors. However, upregulation of PKCα in a large variety of cancers is not associated with EGFR inactivation, and factors determining the potential of PKCα to downregulate EGFR are yet unknown. Here, we show that ectopic expression of annexin A6 (AnxA6), a member of the Ca(2+) and phospholipid-binding annexins, strongly reduces pY-EGFR levels while augmenting EGFR T654 phosphorylation in EGFR overexpressing A431, head and neck and breast cancer cell lines. Reduced EGFR activation in AnxA6 expressing A431 cells is associated with reduced EGFR internalization and degradation. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated PKCα knockdown in AnxA6 expressing A431 cells reduces T654-EGFR phosphorylation, but restores EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, clonogenic growth and EGFR degradation. These findings correlate with AnxA6 interacting with EGFR, and elevated AnxA6 levels promoting PKCα membrane association and interaction with EGFR. Stable expression of the cytosolic N-terminal mutant AnxA6(1-175), which cannot promote PKCα membrane recruitment, does not increase T654-EGFR phosphorylation or the association of PKCα with EGFR. AnxA6 overexpression does not inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of the T654A EGFR mutant, which cannot be phosphorylated by PKCα. Most strikingly, stable plasma membrane anchoring of AnxA6 is sufficient to recruit PKCα even in the absence of EGF or Ca(2+). In summary, AnxA6 is a new PKCα scaffold to promote PKCα-mediated EGFR inactivation through increased membrane targeting of PKCα and EGFR/PKCα complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koese
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Cornely R, Rentero C, Enrich C, Grewal T, Gaus K. Annexin A6 is an organizer of membrane microdomains to regulate receptor localization and signalling. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:1009-17. [PMID: 21990038 DOI: 10.1002/iub.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A6 (AnxA6) belongs to the conserved annexin protein family--a group of Ca(2+) -dependent membrane binding proteins. It is the largest of all annexin proteins and upon activation, binds to negatively charged phospholipids in the plasma membrane and endosomes. In addition, AnxA6 associates with cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains termed lipid rafts. Membrane cholesterol triggers Ca(2+) -independent translocation of AnxA6 to membranes and AnxA6 levels determine the number of caveolae, a form of specialized rafts at the cell surface. AnxA6 also has an F-actin binding domain and interacts with cytoskeleton components. Taken together, this suggests that AnxA6 has a scaffold function to link membrane microdomains with the organization of the cytoskeleton. Such a link facilitates AnxA6 to participate in plasma membrane repair and it would also impact on receptor signalling at the cell surface, growth factor, and lipoprotein receptor trafficking, Ca(2+) -channel activity and T cell activation. Hence, the regulation of cell surface receptors by AnxA6 may be facilitated by its unique structure that allows recruitment of interaction partners and simultaneously bridging specialized membrane domains with cortical actin surrounding activated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Cornely
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Kosiorek M, Piwocka K, Sikora E, Zablocki K, Pikula S. Role of annexin A6 isoforms in catecholamine secretion by PC12 cells: distinct influence on calcium response. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:168-78. [PMID: 20506562 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenaline and adrenaline are secreted by adrenal medulla chromaffin cells via exocytosis. Exocytosis of catecholamines occurs after cell stimulation with various endogenous activators such as nicotine or after depolarization of the plasma membrane and is regulated by calcium ions. Cytosolic [Ca(2+)] increases in response to cell excitation and triggers a signal-initiated secretion. Annexins are known to participate in the regulation of membrane dynamics and are also considered to be involved in vesicular trafficking. Some experimental evidence suggests that annexins may participate in Ca(2+)-regulated catecholamine secretion. In this report the effect of annexin A6 (AnxA6) isoforms 1 and 2 on catecholamine secretion has been described. Overexpression of AnxA6 isoforms and AnxA6 knock-down in PC12 cells were accompanied by almost complete inhibition or a 20% enhancement of dopamine secretion, respectively. AnxA6-1 and AnxA6-2 overexpression reduced Delta[Ca(2+)](c) upon depolarization by 32% and 58%, respectively, while AnxA6 knock-down increased Delta[Ca(2+)](c) by 44%. The mechanism of AnxA6 action on Ca(2+) signalling is not well understood. Experimental evidence suggests that two AnxA6 isoforms interact with different targets engaged in regulation of calcium homeostasis in PC12 cells.
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Lomnytska MI, Becker S, Bodin I, Olsson A, Hellman K, Hellström AC, Mints M, Hellman U, Auer G, Andersson S. Differential expression of ANXA6, HSP27, PRDX2, NCF2, and TPM4 during uterine cervix carcinogenesis: diagnostic and prognostic value. Br J Cancer 2010; 104:110-9. [PMID: 21119665 PMCID: PMC3039821 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytology-based diagnostics of squamous cervical cancer (SCC) precursor lesions is subjective and can be improved by objective markers. Methods: IHC-based analysis of ANXA6, HSP27, peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), NCF2, and tropomyosin 4 (TPM4) during SCC carcinogenesis. Results: Expression of ANXA6, HSP27, PRDX2, and NCF2 in the cytoplasm of dysplastic cells increased from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3) to microinvasive cancer. Invasive SCC showed lower expression of TPM4 than CIN and normal epithelium. CIN2/3 with the highest sensitivity and specificity differed from normal epithelium by cytoplasmic expression of HSP27. Patients with cytoplasmic HSP27 expression in SCC deviating from that observed in normal epithelium had worse relapse-free (P=0.019) and overall (P=0.014) survival. Invasive SCC with the highest sensitivity and specificity differed from normal epithelium by expression of PRDX2 and TPM4 in the cytoplasm, from CIN2/3 by the expression of ANXA6 and TPM4 in the cytoplasm, and from microinvasive SCC by the expression of PRDX2 and ANXA6 in the cytoplasm. The number of sporadic ANXA6+ cells between the atypical cells increased from CIN2/3 to invasive SCC. Conclusion: Detection of expression changes of the proteins ANXA6, HSP27, PRDX2, NCF2, and TPM4 in SCC precursor lesions may aid current cytological and pathological diagnostics and evaluation of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lomnytska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Clinical Science and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden.
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12
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Enrich C, Rentero C, de Muga SV, Reverter M, Mulay V, Wood P, Koese M, Grewal T. Annexin A6-Linking Ca(2+) signaling with cholesterol transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:935-47. [PMID: 20888375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A6 (AnxA6) belongs to a conserved family of Ca(2+)-dependent membrane-binding proteins. Like other annexins, the function of AnxA6 is linked to its ability to bind phospholipids in cellular membranes in a dynamic and reversible fashion, in particular during the regulation of endocytic and exocytic pathways. High amounts of AnxA6 sequester cholesterol in late endosomes, thereby lowering the levels of cholesterol in the Golgi and the plasma membrane. These AnxA6-dependent redistributions of cellular cholesterol pools give rise to reduced cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA(2)) activity, retention of caveolin in the Golgi apparatus and a reduced number of caveolae at the cell surface. In addition to regulating cholesterol and caveolin distribution, AnxA6 acts as a scaffold/targeting protein for several signaling proteins, the best characterized being the Ca(2+)-dependent membrane targeting of p120GAP to downregulate Ras activity. AnxA6 also stimulates the Ca(2+)-inducible involvement of PKC in the regulation of HRas and possibly EGFR signal transduction pathways. The ability of AnxA6 to recruit regulators of the EGFR/Ras pathway is likely potentiated by AnxA6-induced actin remodeling. Accordingly, AnxA6 may function as an organizer of membrane domains (i) to modulate intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, (ii) to create a scaffold for the formation of multifactorial signaling complexes, and (iii) to regulate transient membrane-actin interactions during endocytic and exocytic transport. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Ciccosanti F, Corazzari M, Soldani F, Matarrese P, Pagliarini V, Iadevaia V, Tinari A, Zaccarelli M, Perfettini JL, Malorni W, Kroemer G, Antinori A, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. Proteomic analysis identifies prohibitin down-regulation as a crucial event in the mitochondrial damage observed in HIV-infected patients. Antivir Ther 2010; 15:377-90. [PMID: 20516557 DOI: 10.3851/imp1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has largely reduced the occurrence of AIDS-related diseases and death in HIV-infected patients. However, HAART produces serious side effects mainly attributed to mitochondrial toxicity. METHODS To elucidate the molecular basis of HAART-related dysfunctions, we analysed the mitochondrial proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis was performed on HIV patients who were either treatment-naive or under HAART therapy including zidovudine or stavudine as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). RESULTS As compared to healthy donors, HAART-treated HIV-infected patients exhibited decreased levels of mitochondrial enzymes associated with energy production as well as mitochondrial chaperones. Moreover, significant alterations in the mitochondria-cytoskeleton network were observed. Notably, most of these changes were already detectable in untreated HIV carriers and persisted or worsened after HAART, indicating that relevant mitochondrial alterations were initially caused by HIV infection. Finally, in vitro experiments aimed at validating the proteomic results showed that down-regulation of the mitochondrial chaperone prohibitin is a causative event in NRTI-induced mitochondrial damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a major role of HIV infection in the mitochondrial toxicity of HAART-treated patients and identify novel candidate markers for assessing the risk of HIV- and HAART-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ciccosanti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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14
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Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Buchet R, Cañada FJ, Clémancey M, Groves P, Jiménez-Barbero J, Lancelin JM, Marcillat O, Pikula S, Sekrecka-Belniak A, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A. Characterization of caged compounds binding to proteins by NMR spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:447-51. [PMID: 20804737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Photolysable caged ligands are used to investigate protein function and activity. Here, we investigate the binding properties of caged nucleotides and their photo released products to well established but evolutionary and structurally unrelated nucleotide-binding proteins, rabbit muscle creatine kinase (RMCK) and human annexin A6 (hAnxA6), using saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. We detect the binding of the caged nucleotides and discuss the general implications on interpreting data collected with photolysable caged ligands using different techniques. Strategies to avoid non-specific binding of caged compound to certain proteins are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bandorowicz-Pikula
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Interaction of annexin A6 with cholesterol rich membranes is pH-dependent and mediated by the sterol OH. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 346:436-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Monastyrskaya K, Babiychuk EB, Draeger A. The annexins: spatial and temporal coordination of signaling events during cellular stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2623-42. [PMID: 19381436 PMCID: PMC11115530 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are a family of structurally related, Ca2+-sensitive proteins that bind to negatively charged phospholipids and establish specific interactions with other lipids and lipid microdomains. They are present in all eukaryotic cells and share a common folding motif, the "annexin core", which incorporates Ca2+- and membrane-binding sites. Annexins participate in a variety of intracellular processes, ranging from the regulation of membrane dynamics to cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here we focus on the role of annexins in cellular signaling during stress. A chronic stress response triggers the activation of different intracellular pathways, resulting in profound changes in Ca2+ and pH homeostasis and the production of lipid second messengers. We review the latest data on how these changes are sensed by the annexins, which have the ability to simultaneously interact with specific lipid and protein moieties at the plasma membrane, contributing to stress adaptation via regulation of various signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Monastyrskaya
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland.
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17
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Thouverey C, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Balcerzak M, Buchet R, Pikula S. Matrix vesicles originate from apical membrane microvilli of mineralizing osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:127-38. [PMID: 19009559 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In bone, mineralization is tightly regulated by osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes which release matrix vesicles (MVs) and control extracellular ionic conditions and matrix composition. MVs are the initial sites of hydroxyapatite (HA) mineral formation. Despite growing knowledge about their morphology and function, their biogenesis is not well understood. The purpose of this work was to determine the source of MVs in osteoblast lineage, Saos-2 cells, and to check whether MVs originated from microvilli. Microvilli were isolated from the apical plasma membrane of Saos-2 cells. Their morphology, structure, and function were compared with those of MVs. The role of actin network in MV release was investigated by using microfilament perturbing drugs. When examined by electron microscopy MVs and microvillar vesicles were found to exhibit similar morphology with trilaminar membranes and diameters in the same range. Both types of vesicles were able to induce HA formation. Their electrophoretic profiles displayed analogous enrichment in alkaline phosphatase, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, and annexins A2 and A6. MVs and microvillar vesicles exhibited almost the same lipid composition with a higher content of cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine as compared to plasma membrane. Finally, cytochalasin D, which inhibits actin polymerization, was found to stimulate release of MVs. Our findings were consistent with the hypothesis that MVs originated from cell microvilli and that actin filament disassembly was involved in their biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Thouverey
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland
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Bode G, Lüken A, Kerkhoff C, Roth J, Ludwig S, Nacken W. Interaction between S100A8/A9 and Annexin A6 Is Involved in the Calcium-induced Cell Surface Exposition of S100A8/A9. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:31776-84. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803908200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Vilá de Muga S, Timpson P, Cubells L, Evans R, Hayes TE, Rentero C, Hegemann A, Reverter M, Leschner J, Pol A, Tebar F, Daly RJ, Enrich C, Grewal T. Annexin A6 inhibits Ras signalling in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2008; 28:363-77. [PMID: 18850003 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with enhanced activation of wild-type (hyperactive) Ras in breast cancer. Little is known about the regulation of Ras inactivation and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), such as p120GAP, in cells with hyperactive Ras. Recently, we showed that in EGFR-overexpressing A431 cells, which lack endogenous Annexin A6 (AnxA6), ectopic expression of AnxA6 stimulates membrane recruitment of p120GAP to modulate Ras signalling. We now demonstrate that, AnxA6 is downregulated in a number of EGFR-overexpressing and estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells. In these cells, AnxA6 overexpression promotes Ca(2+)- and EGF-inducible membrane targeting of p120GAP. In ER-negative MDA-MB-436 cells, overexpression of p120GAP, but not CAPRI or a p120GAP mutant lacking the AnxA6-binding domain inhibits Ras/MAPK activity. AnxA6 knockdown in MDA-MB-436 increases Ras activity and cell proliferation in anchorage-independent growth assays. Furthermore, AnxA6 co-immunoprecipitates with H-Ras in a Ca(2+)- and EGF-inducible manner and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy confirmed that AnxA6 is in close proximity of active (G12V), but not inactive (S17N) H-Ras. Thus, association of AnxA6 with H-Ras-containing protein complexes may contribute to regulate p120GAP/Ras assembly in EGFR-overexpressing and ER-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vilá de Muga
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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