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Rahman R, Gopinath D, Buajeeb W, Poomsawat S, Johnson NW. Potential Role of Epstein–Barr Virus in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Scoping Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040801. [PMID: 35458531 PMCID: PMC9032208 DOI: 10.3390/v14040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the oral cavity is anatomically proximate to the nasal cavity and acts as a key reservoir of EBV habitation and transmission, it is still unclear whether EBV plays a significant role in oral carcinogenesis. Many studies have detected EBV DNA in tissues and exfoliated cells from OSCC patients. However, very few studies have investigated the expression of functional EBV proteins implicated in its oncogenicity. The most studied are latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1), a protein associated with the activation of signalling pathways; EBV determined nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1, a protein involved in the regulation of gene expression; and EBV-encoded small non-polyadenylated RNA (EBER)-2. LMP-1 is considered the major oncoprotein, and overexpression of LMP-1 observed in OSCC indicates that this molecule might play a significant role in oral carcinogenesis. Although numerous studies have detected EBV DNA and proteins from OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders, heterogeneity in methodologies has led to discrepant results, hindering interpretation. Elucidating the exact functions of EBV and its proteins when expressed is vital in establishing the role of viruses in oral oncogenesis. This review summarises the current evidence on the potential role of EBV in oral oncogenesis and discusses the implications as well as recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Rahman
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (R.R.); (N.W.J.)
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Waranun Buajeeb
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sopee Poomsawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Newell W. Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (R.R.); (N.W.J.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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Cao Y, Deng B, Zhang S, Gao H, Song P, Zhang J, Zhao J. Astragalus polysaccharide regulates brown adipogenic differentiation through miR-1258-5p-modulated cut-like homeobox 1 expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1713-1722. [PMID: 34718370 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is the major natural active component of Astragalus membranaceus, which has been recognized as one of the most popular herbal medicines worldwide. Enhancing the formation and function of brown adipose tissue increases energy expenditure and hence may potentially be used against obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect and mechanism of APS on brown adipocyte formation. Mouse C3H10T 1/2 cells were subject to APS, and both proliferation and brown adipogenic differentiation were determined. The results showed that APS exhibits a decreased proliferation ability, which is accompanied by downregulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4. APS promotes the differentiation of C3H10T 1/2 cells into brown adipocytes and induces the expressions of key brown adipogenic transcriptional factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, uncoupling protein 1, and PR domain-containing 16. Importantly, APS enables insulin sensitization in brown adipocytes, which may proceed through activation of the canonical phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, the level of cut-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) is positively related to brown adipogenic differentiation, while APS regulates Cux1 expression through interaction with miR-1258-5p. Notably, the promotional effect of APS on brown adipogenic differentiation was abolished by Cux1 knockout. Collectively, our results suggest that APS enhances the differentiation of C3H10T 1/2 cells into brown adipocytes through regulating Cux1 via miR-1258-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Buhao Deng
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shihe Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengkang Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Gao XY, Deng BH, Li XR, Wang Y, Zhang JX, Hao XY, Zhao JX. Melatonin Regulates Differentiation of Sheep Brown Adipocyte Precursor Cells Via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:661773. [PMID: 34235199 PMCID: PMC8255384 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.661773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In sheep industry, hypothermia caused by insufficient brown adipose tissue (BAT) deposits is one of the major causes of lamb deaths. Enhancing the formation and function of BAT in neonatal lamb increases thermogenesis and hence reduces economic losses. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect and mechanism of melatonin on sheep brown adipocyte formation and function. Sheep brown adipocyte precursor cells (SBACs) isolated from perirenal BAT were treated with melatonin (1 and 10 nM). The SBACs subjected to melatonin exhibited a decreased proliferation ability, accompanied by down-regulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, and CDK4 protein contents in a melatonin dose-dependent manner. Melatonin promoted brown adipocyte formation and induced the expression of brown adipogenic markers, including uncoupling protein 1 and PR domain-containing 16 during differentiation of SBAC. Moreover, the AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) activity was positively correlated with brown adipocyte formation potential. Importantly, melatonin effectively activated AMPKα1. Furthermore, promotional effects of melatonin were abolished by AMPKα1 knockout, suggesting the involvement of AMPKα1 in this process. Collectively, these results suggested that melatonin enhanced brown adipocyte formation in SBACs in vitro through activation of AMPKα1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yang Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Bu-Hao Deng
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin-Rui Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Hao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Xing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
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Spatiotemporally controlled overexpression of cyclin D1 triggers generation of supernumerary cells in the postnatal mouse inner ear. Hear Res 2020; 390:107951. [PMID: 32244147 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma family of pocket proteins (pRBs), composed of Rb1, p107, and p130 are negative regulators of cell-cycle progression. The deletion of any individual pRB in the auditory system triggers hair cells' (HCs) and supporting cells' (SCs) proliferation to different extents. Nevertheless, accessing their combined role in the inner ear through conditional or complete knockout methods is limited by the early mortality of the triple knockout. In quiescent cells, hyperphosphorylation and inactivation of the pRBs are maintained through the activity of the Cyclin-D1-cdk4/6 complex. Cyclin D1 (CycD1) is expressed in the embryonic and neonatal inner ear. In the mature organ of Corti (OC), CycD1 expression is significantly downregulated, paralleling the OC mitotic quiescence. Earlier studies showed that CycD1 overexpression leads to cell-cycle reactivation in cultures of inner ear explants. Here, we characterize a Cre-activated, Doxycycline (Dox)-controlled, conditional CycD1 overexpression model, which when bred to a tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activator and the Atoh1-cre mouse lines, allow for transient CycD1 overexpression and pRBs' downregulation in the inner ear in a reversible fashion. Analyses of postnatal mice's inner ears at various time points revealed the presence of supernumerary cells throughout the length of the cochlea and in the vestibular end-organs. Notably, most supernumerary cells were observed in the inner hair cells' (IHCs) region, expressed myosin VIIa (M7a), and showed no signs of apoptosis at any of the time points analyzed. Auditory and vestibular phenotypes were similar between the different genotypes and treatment groups. The fact that no significant differences were observed in auditory and vestibular function supports the notion that the supernumerary cells detected in the adult mice cochlea and macular end-organs may not impair auditory functions.
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Lv Y, Yang H, Ma X, Wu G. Strand-specific miR-28-3p and miR-28-5p have differential effects on nasopharyngeal cancer cells proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:187. [PMID: 31360121 PMCID: PMC6642532 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in varieties of cancers, particularly in tumorigenesis, progression, and migration. Dysregulation of miR-28 was reported to occur in various types of human malignancies. In humans, two different mature miRNA sequences are excised from opposite arms of the stem-loop pre-miR-28, hsa-miR-28-3p and hsamiR-28-5p. However, the expression and distinct role of miR-28-3p and miR-28-5p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain undetermined. Methods The expressions of miR-28-3p/-5p in human NPC tissues were tested by quantitative real-time PCR. miR-28-3p/-5p were overexpressed by mimics and silenced by inhibitors. The roles of miR-28-3p/-5p in NPC development were studied using cultured HONE-1 cells. Results The mRNA expression levels of miR-28-3p and -5p were significantly decreased in NPC tissues in comparison with adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of miR-28-5p suppressed NPC cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while miR-28-3p promoted NPC cell migration and invasion. The miRNAs effected on different signal pathways: miR-28-5p altered expression of cyclin D1 and influenced the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In contrast, miR-28-3p downregulated Nm23-H1 and accelerated the process of EMT. Conclusion miR-28-3p and -5p were both downregulated in NPC tissues but had distinct biological effects in NPC cells. They may serve as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- 1Center of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68, Jiyang West Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- 2Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68, Jiyang West Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingkai Ma
- 2Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68, Jiyang West Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Geping Wu
- 2Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68, Jiyang West Road, Suzhou, China
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Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Ruiz-Ávila I, Bravo M, Gil-Montoya JA. Clinicopathological significance of tumor cyclin D1 expression in oral cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:177-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wolf C, Qian Y, Brooke MA, Kelsell DP, Franzke CW. ADAM17/EGFR axis promotes transglutaminase-dependent skin barrier formation through phospholipase C γ1 and protein kinase C pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39780. [PMID: 28004780 PMCID: PMC5177948 DOI: 10.1038/srep39780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitally important skin barrier is formed by extensive cross-linking activity of transglutaminases (TGs) during terminal epidermal differentiation. We have previously shown that epidermal deficiency of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), the principal EGFR ligand sheddase, results in postnatal skin barrier defects in mice due to impeded TG activity. However, the mechanism by which ADAM17/EGFR signalling maintains TG activity during epidermal differentiation remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that ADAM17-dependent EGFR signalling promotes TG activity in keratinocytes committed to terminal differentiation by direct induction of TG1 expression. Restored TG1 expression of EGF-stimulated differentiated Adam17-/- keratinocytes was strongly repressed by inhibitors for PLCγ1 or protein kinase C (PKC) pathways, while treatment with the PKC stimulator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate restored TG activity in the epidermis of keratinocyte-specific Adam17-/- (AD17ΔKC) mice. Further investigations emphasized the expression of PKCη, a mediator of TGM1 transcription, to be sensitive to EGFR activation. In agreement, topical skin application of cholesterol sulfate, an activator of PKCη, significantly improved TG activity in epidermis of AD17ΔKC mice. Our results suggest ADAM17/EGFR-driven PLCγ1 and PKC pathways as important promoters of TG1 expression during terminal keratinocyte differentiation. These findings may help to identify new therapeutic targets for inflammatory skin diseases related to epidermal barrier defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yawen Qian
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew A. Brooke
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Kelsell
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claus-Werner Franzke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Walter RFH, Werner R, Ting S, Vollbrecht C, Theegarten D, Christoph DC, Schmid KW, Wohlschlaeger J, Mairinger FD. Identification of deregulation of apoptosis and cell cycle in neuroendocrine tumors of the lung via NanoString nCounter expression analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24690-8. [PMID: 26008974 PMCID: PMC4694788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung comprise typical (TC) and atypical carcinoids (AC), large-cell neuroendocrine cancer (LCNEC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Cell cycle and apoptosis are key pathways of multicellular homeostasis and deregulation of these pathways is associated with cancerogenesis. Materials and Methods Sixty representative FFPE-specimens (16 TC, 13 AC, 16 LCNEC and 15 SCLC) were used for mRNA expression analysis using the NanoString technique. Eight genes related to apoptosis and ten genes regulating key points of cell cycle were investigated. Results ASCL1, BCL2, CASP8, CCNE1, CDK1, CDK2, CDKN1A and CDKN2A showed lower expression in carcinoids compared to carcinomas. In contrast, CCNE1 and CDK6 showed elevated expression in carcinoids compared to carcinomas. The calculated BCL2/BAX ratio showed increasing values from TC to SCLC. Between SCLC and LCNEC CDK2, CDKN1B, CDKN2A and PNN expression was significantly different with higher expression in SCLC. Conclusion Carcinoids have increased CDK4/6 and CCND1 expression controlling RB1 phosphorylation via this signaling cascade. CDK2 and CCNE1 were increased in carcinomas showing that these use the opposite way to control RB1. BAX and BCL2 are antagonists in regulating apoptosis. BCL2 expression increased over BAX expression with increasing malignancy of the tumor from TC to SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fred Henry Walter
- Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Werner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Christian Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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The role of barrier genes in epidermal malignancy. Oncogene 2016; 35:5705-5712. [PMID: 27041586 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The outermost layer of the mammalian skin, the epidermis, forms a protective barrier against pathogenic microbes and tissue dehydration. This barrier is formed and maintained by complex genetic networks that connect cellular differentiation processes, enzymatic activities and cellular junctions. Disruption in these networks affects the balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation resulting in barrier function impairment, epidermal hyperproliferation and in some cases, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Recent studies in wound-induced inflammation-mediated cancers in mice have identified dysregulation of core barrier components as tumor drivers. We therefore propose a hypothesis in which loss of key barrier genes, induce barrier dysfunction, and promote inflammation-driven epidermal hyperplasia and carcinogenesis over time. This emerging vision suggests that under specific genetic circumstances, localized barrier impairment could be considered as a hallmark of initiating lesions in epidermal SCC.
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Abstract
Topoisomerase IIα is a nuclear enzyme that alters DNA topology. It is a well-known anticancer target and related to cell differentiation status. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an important active metabolite of vitamin A, is a promising anticancer agent in numerous malignancies. However, there are little data on the effect of retinoids on topoisomerase IIα regulation. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between ATRA and topoisomerase IIα, and the potential mechanisms of ATRA on topoisomerase IIα regulation. In several human carcinoma cell lines, ATRA was shown to suppress topoisomerase IIα protein, but not mRNA expression. ATRA induced the degradation of topoisomerase IIα through the proteasome pathway, but not the lysosome pathway. Ubiquitination was involved in this degradation. Western blot and immunocytochemistry proved that ATRA-induced topoisomerase IIα repression occurred only in the cell nuclei. ATRA not only influenced the cycle procession but also reduced the expression of cyclin D1. Cyclin D1, which is involved in cell differentiation, was regulated by topoisomerase IIα. Similar to cyclin D1, knockdown of topoisomerase IIα resulted in the increased differentiation of the cells, which was in contrast to the overexpression of topoisomerase IIα in the cells. Taken together, these data suggested that ATRA could target topoisomerase IIα and exert potential beneficial effects on cell differentiation.
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Wang XD, Wang Q, Chen XL, Huang JF, Yin Y, Da P, Wu H. Trop2 inhibition suppresses the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal carcinoma cells via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:865-70. [PMID: 25779928 PMCID: PMC4438912 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface glycoprotein Trop2 is overexpressed in various types of epithelial cancer. Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the most common types of head and neck cancer and in a previous study, the expression of Trop2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) was identified as an independent prognostic factor. However, the biological significance of Trop2 in LSCC development remains unclear. In the current study, Trop2 protein expression in fresh LSCC tissue and paracancerous tissue was investigated using western blotting. Trop2 in the Hep2 laryngeal cell line was subsequently suppressed by transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA). The effects of knockdown of Trop2 on cell viability, migration, invasiveness and ERK/MAPK pathway activity were investigated in the current study. The expression of Trop2 in fresh LSCC tissue was demonstrated to be significantly greater than that in paracancerous tissue. Trop2 expression was also identified to be required for proliferation, migration and invasiveness of Hep2 laryngeal carcinoma cells, as all were blocked by siRNA-mediated Trop2 inhibition. Notably, the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and cell cycle factor, cyclin D1, were identified to be suppressed following the knockdown of Trop2 in Hep2 cells. These observations suggest that Trop2 serves an oncogenic role in LSCC and has potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Fei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Da
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
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Biggar KK, Storey KB. Evidence for cell cycle suppression and microRNA regulation of cyclin D1 during anoxia exposure in turtles. Cell Cycle 2014; 11:1705-13. [DOI: 10.4161/cc.19790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Tsang CM, Deng W, Yip YL, Zeng MS, Lo KW, Tsao SW. Epstein-Barr virus infection and persistence in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2014; 33:549-55. [PMID: 25223910 PMCID: PMC4244318 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), strongly implicating a role for EBV in NPC pathogenesis; conversely, EBV infection is rarely detected in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. In general, EBV does not show a strong tropism for infecting human epithelial cells, and EBV infection in oropharyngeal epithelial cells is believed to be lytic in nature. To establish life-long infection in humans, EBV has evolved efficient strategies to infect B cells and hijack their cellular machinery for latent infection. Lytic EBV infection in oropharyngeal epithelial cells, though an infrequent event, is believed to be a major source of infectious EBV particles for salivary transmission. The biological events associated with nasopharyngeal epithelial cells are only beginning to be understood with the advancement of EBV infection methods and the availability of nasopharyngeal epithelial cell models for EBV infection studies. EBV infection in human epithelial cells is a highly inefficient process compared to that in B cells, which express the complement receptor type 2 (CR2) to mediate EBV infection. Although receptor(s) on the epithelial cell surface for EBV infection remain(s) to be identified, EBV infection in epithelial cells could be achieved via the interaction of glycoproteins on the viral envelope with surface integrins on epithelial cells, which might trigger membrane fusion to internalize EBV in cells. Normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells are not permissive for latent EBV infection, and EBV infection in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells usually results in growth arrest. However, genetic alterations in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, including p16 deletion and cyclin D1 overexpression, could override the growth inhibitory effect of EBV infection to support stable and latent EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The EBV episome in NPC is clonal in nature, suggesting that NPC develops from a single EBV-infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cell, and the establishment of persistent and latent EBV infection in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelium may represent an early and critical event for NPC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Shen H, Morrison CD, Zhang J, Underwood W, Yang N, Frangou C, Eng K, Head K, Bollag RJ, Kavuri SK, Rojiani AM, Li Y, Yan L, Hill A, Woloszynska-Read A, Wang J, Liu S, Trump DL, Candace JS. 6p22.3 amplification as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target of advanced stage bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2124-34. [PMID: 24231253 PMCID: PMC3875774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations have been identified as to contribute directly or indirectly to the generation of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC-UB). In a comparative fashion much less is known about copy number alterations in TCC-UB, but it appears that amplification of chromosome 6p22 is one of the most frequent changes. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses, we evaluated chromosomal 6p22 amplification in a large cohort of bladder cancer patients with complete surgical staging and outcome data. We have also used shRNA knockdown candidate oncogenes in the cell based study. We found that amplification of chromosome 6p22.3 is significantly associated with the muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC-UB) (22%) in contrast to superficial TCC-UB (9%) (p=7.2-04). The rate of 6p22.3 amplification in pN>1 patients (32%) is more than twice that in pN0 (16%) patients (p=0.05). Interestingly, we found that 6p22.3 amplification is as twice as high (p=0.0201) in African American (AA) than European American (EA) TCC-UB patients. Moreover, we showed that the expression of some candidate genes (E2F3, CDKAL1 and Sox4) in the 6p22.3 region is highly correlated with the chromosomal amplification. In particular, knockdown of E2F3 inhibits cell proliferation in a 6p22.3-dependent manner, whereas knockdown of CDKAL1 and Sox4 has no effect on cell proliferation. Using gene expression profiling, we further identified some common as well as distinctive subset targets of the E2F3 family members. In summary, our data indicate that E2F3 is a key regulator of cell proliferation in a subset of bladder cancer and the 6p22.3 amplicon is a biomarker of aggressive phenotype in this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Shen
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Okada S, Irié T, Tanaka J, Yasuhara R, Yamamoto G, Isobe T, Hokazono C, Tachikawa T, Kohno Y, Mishima K. Potential role of hematopoietic pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor-interacting protein in oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:115-25. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Okada
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tarou Irié
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Rika Yasuhara
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Gou Yamamoto
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohide Isobe
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Chie Hokazono
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Tachikawa
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yohko Kohno
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences; School of Dentistry; Showa University; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
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16
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Li X, Wang J, Jia Z, Cui Q, Zhang C, Wang W, Chen P, Ma K, Zhou C. MiR-499 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis during late-stage cardiac differentiation via Sox6 and cyclin D1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74504. [PMID: 24040263 PMCID: PMC3770584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MiR-499 is a cardiac-abundant miRNA. However, the biological functions of miR-499 in differentiated cardiomyocytes or in the cardiomyocyte differentiation process is not very clear. Sox6 is believed to be one of its targets, and is also believed to play a role in cardiac differentiation. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between Sox6 and miR-499 during cardiac differentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings Using a well-established invitro cardiomyocyte differentiation system, mouse P19CL6 cells, we found that miR-499 was highly expressed in the late stage of cardiac differentiation. In cells stably transfected with miR-499 (P-499 cells), it was found that miR-499 could promote the differentiation into cardiomyocytes at the early stage of cardiac differentiation. Notably, cell viability assay, EdU incorporation assay, and cell cycle profile analysis all showed that the P-499 cells displayed the distinctive feature of hyperplastic growth. Further investigation confirmed that miR-499 could promote neonatal rat cardiomyocyte proliferation. MiR-499 knock-down enhanced apoptosis in the late differentiation stage in P19CL6 cells, but overexpression of miR-499 resulted in a decrease in the apoptosis rate. Sox6 was identified as a direct target of miR-499 and its expression was detected from day 8 or day 10 of cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells. Sox6 played a role in cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in P19CL6 cells and cardiomyocytes. The overexpression of Sox6 could reverse the proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects of miR-499. It was also found that miR-499 might exert its function by regulating cyclin D1 via its influence on Sox6. Conclusions/Significance miR-499 probably regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of P19CL6 cells in the late stage of cardiac differentiation via its effects on Sox6 and cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaji Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (ZJ)
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kangtao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (ZJ)
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17
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Bernardi A, Frozza RL, Hoppe JB, Salbego C, Pohlmann AR, Battastini AMO, Guterres SS. The antiproliferative effect of indomethacin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in glioma cells is mediated by cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and the inhibition of survival pathways. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:711-28. [PMID: 23440594 PMCID: PMC3578504 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s40284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical techniques, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) prognosis remains dismal. There is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers for anticancer drug delivery have attracted intense interest in recent years because they can provide sustained, controlled, and targeted delivery. Here, we investigate the mechanisms involved in the antiproliferative effect of indomethacin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (IndOH-LNC) in glioma cells. IndOH-LNC were able to reduce cell viability by inducing apoptotic cell death in C6 and U138-MG glioma cell lines. Interestingly, IndOH-LNC did not affect the viability of primary astrocytes, suggesting that this formulation selectively targeted transformed cells. Mechanistically, IndOH-LNC induced inhibition of cell growth and cell-cycle arrest to be correlated with the inactivation of AKT and β-catenin and the activation of GSK-3β. IndOH-LNC also induced G0/G1 and/or G2/M phase arrest, which was accompanied by a decrease in the levels of cyclin D1, cyclin B1, pRb, and pcdc2 and an increase in the levels of Wee1 CDK inhibitor p21WAF1. Additionally, IndOH-LNC promoted GBM cell differentiation, observed as upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein and downregulation of nestin and CD133. Taken together, the crosstalk among antiproliferative effects, cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cell differentiation should be considered when tailoring pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing glioma growth by using formulations with multiples targets, such as IndOH-LNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Bernardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
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18
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Shi G, Sohn KC, Li Z, Choi DK, Park YM, Kim JH, Fan YM, Nam YH, Kim S, Im M, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Kim CD, Lee JH. Expression and functional role of Sox9 in human epidermal keratinocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54355. [PMID: 23349860 PMCID: PMC3548846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the expression and putative role of Sox9 in epidermal keratinocyte. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Sox9 is predominantly expressed in the basal layer of normal human skin epidermis, and highly expressed in several skin diseases including psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma. In calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation model, the expression of Sox9 was decreased in a time dependent manner. When Sox9 was overexpressed using a recombinant adenovirus, cell growth was enhanced, while the expression of differentiation-related genes such as loricrin and involucrin was markedly decreased. Similarly, when rat skin was intradermally injected with the adenovirus expressing Sox9, the epidermis was thickened with increase of PCNA positive cells, while the epidermal differentiation was decreased. Finally, UVB irradiation induced Sox9 expression in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, and keratinocytes are protected from UVB-induced apoptosis by Sox9 overexpression. Together, these results suggest that Sox9 is an important regulator of epidermal keratinocytes with putative pro-proliferation and/or pro-survival functions, and may be related to several cutaneous diseases that are characterized by abnormal differentiation and hyperproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yi-Ming Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yong Hee Nam
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sooyeon Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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19
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Cyclin D1 overexpression supports stable EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E3473-82. [PMID: 23161911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202637109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) are commonly present with latent EBV infection. However, events regulating EBV infection at early stages of the disease and the role of EBV in disease pathogenesis are largely undefined. Genetic alterations leading to activation of cyclin D1 signaling in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) cells have been postulated to predispose cells to EBV infection. We previously reported that loss of p16, a negative regulator of cyclin D1 signaling, is a frequent feature of NPC tumors. Here, we report that early premalignant lesions of nasopharyngeal epithelium overexpress cyclin D1. Furthermore, overexpression of cyclin D1 is closely associated with EBV infection. Therefore we investigated the potential role of cyclin D1 overexpression in dysplastic NPE cells in vitro. In human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized NPE cells, overexpression of cyclin D1 or a p16-resistant form of CDK4 (CDK4(R24C)) suppressed differentiation. This suppression may have implications for the close association of EBV infection with undifferentiated NPC. In these in vitro models, we found that cellular growth arrest and senescence occurred in EBV-infected cell populations immediately after infection. Nevertheless, overexpression of cyclin D1 or a p16-resistant form of CDK4 or knockdown of p16 in the human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized NPE cell lines could counteract the EBV-induced growth arrest and senescence. We conclude that dysregulated expression of cyclin D1 in NPE cells may contribute to NPC pathogenesis by enabling persistent infection of EBV.
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20
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Modem S, Dicarlo SE, Reddy TR. Fresh Garlic Extract Induces Growth Arrest and Morphological Differentiation of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:177-86. [PMID: 23050048 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912458581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables is often associated with a reduced risk of developing cancer, particularly breast cancer. Considering that 1 in 8 women in the United States will develop breast cancer in the course of her lifetime, dietary manipulation could have a major impact on the incidence of breast cancer. We report here that fresh extracts of garlic (not boiled) arrested the growth and altered the morphology of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Deregulated levels of E-cadherin, cytokeratin8/18, and β-catenin correlated with the altered phenotype. We propose that early down-regulation of cyclin D1, reduced phosphorylation of ERK1, and increased phosphorylation of eIF2-α triggered the phenotypical changes. Reduced expression of hsp27 and sam68 and elevated levels of Rb and p21 further contributed to the sustained growth reduction. These findings provide a better understanding of the cellular responses to dietary supplements and provide potential options to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhasini Modem
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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21
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Ghantous A, Saikali M, Rau T, Gali-Muhtasib H, Schneider-Stock R, Darwiche N. Inhibition of Tumor Promotion by Parthenolide: Epigenetic Modulation of p21. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:1298-309. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Lee HH, Sung MH. The neutrophil elastase mutant affects viability and differentiation of the human monocytic THP-1 cell. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:305-11. [PMID: 22996420 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in neutrophils (neutropenia) caused by mutations in neutrophil elastase (NE, ELA2) has been extensively investigated. Monocytes and neutrophils are derived from a common myeloid progenitor; therefore, ELA2 mutations can also influence monocyte development. These effects have not been well described. In this study, we used the human monocytic THP-1, to carry the human wild-type and G185R mutant ELA2 gene. Growth, death, differentiation and BiP expression were evaluated in the two stable cell lines and in the wild-type THP-1 cells. Exogenous wild-type ELA2 markedly increased THP-1 differentiation, whereas G185R ELA2 was incompetent to promote THP-1 differentiation in response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Indeed, during differentiation induced by ATRA, G185R cell line showed significant cell death. Also, up-regulated BiP expression accompanied cell death in the G185R cells, suggesting that the overexpression of G185R elastase increases apoptosis through an unfolded protein response. The G185R cells treated with lithium chloride (LiCl; a Wnt signalling activator) displayed higher BiP expression but similar cell viability compared with THP1 and HNEwt/THP1 cells treated with LiCl. This suggested that Wnt signalling might increase cellular tolerance to endoplasmic reticulum stress, enabling mutant monocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Hui Lee
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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23
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Inui S, Noguchi F, Nishiyama A, Itami S. Multipotential functions of Hic-5 in growth, differentiation, migration and adhesion of human keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 68:197-9. [PMID: 23062781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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GU C, YOKOTA N, GAO Y, AMANO S, KOIZUMI S, TOKUYAMA T, NAMBA H. Molecular Targeting Therapy Against Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Using Arsenic Acids in Experimental Intracranial Medulloblastoma. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2012; 52:62-7. [DOI: 10.2176/nmc.52.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu GU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Naoki YOKOTA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
- Yokohama CyberKife Center
| | - Yun GAO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Shinji AMANO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | | | - Tsutomu TOKUYAMA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroki NAMBA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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25
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He S, Zhu W, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Ou Y, Li Y, Yan G. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional down-regulation of cyclin D1 contributes to C6 glioma cell differentiation induced by forskolin. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:2241-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Di Costanzo A, Festa L, Roscigno G, Vivo M, Pollice A, Morasso M, La Mantia G, Calabrò V. A dominant mutation etiologic for human tricho-dento-osseous syndrome impairs the ability of DLX3 to downregulate ΔNp63α. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2189-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Woods M, Pant R, Mallya SM. Cyclin D1 and cyclin D-dependent kinases enhance oral keratinocyte proliferation but do not block keratinocyte differentiation. Int J Oncol 2011; 37:1471-5. [PMID: 21042715 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of oral epithelial homeostasis requires a fine balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms that couple these processes, and its deregulation in tumorigenesis are not fully understood. Cyclin D1 and its kinase partners CDK4 and CDK6 play an important role in regulating the G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Deregulation of cyclin D1 is a frequent event in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we examined whether overexpression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 can deregulate the link between oral keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Our results show that cyclin D1 and its kinase partners CDK4 and CDK6 enhance keratinocyte proliferation, but are not sufficient to block calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation and suggest that deregulation of these G1-regulatory kinases alone is insufficient to uncouple the link between proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Woods
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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28
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Kobayashi D, Kusama M, Onda M, Nakahata N. The Effect of Pantothenic Acid Deficiency on Keratinocyte Proliferation and the Synthesis of Keratinocyte Growth Factor and Collagen in Fibroblasts. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:230-234. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10224sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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29
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Shi G, Sohn KC, Choi TY, Choi DK, Lee SS, Ou BS, Kim S, Lee YH, Yoon TJ, Kim SJ, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Lee JH, Kim CD. Expression of paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2c (PITX2c) in epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:3263-71. [PMID: 20875405 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) has been implicated as one of the genes responsible for Rieger syndrome. It has been also shown to play a central role during development. In this study, we investigated the functional role of PITX2 in keratinocyte differentiation. RT-PCR analysis showed that PITX2c isoform was predominantly expressed in a differentiation-dependent manner. Consistent with, immunohistochemical staining showed that PITX2 expression was increased in the upper layer of epidermis. When PITX2c was overexpressed in cultured keratinocytes by a recombinant adenovirus, the differentiation markers such as involucrin and loricrin were significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, PITX2c overexpression led to the decrease of cell growth, concomitantly with the upregulation of cell cycle-related genes p21. To investigate the effect of PITX2c in vivo, we microinjected PITX2c expression vector into zebrafish embryo. Interestingly, overexpression of PITX2c in zebrafish embryo led to the formation of horn-like structure and thickening of epidermis, together with the increase of keratin 8 (K8) expression. These results suggest that PITX2c has a role in proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
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