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Immunity Enhancement in Immunocompromised Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients with Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cell Transfusion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5945190. [PMID: 28529951 PMCID: PMC5424190 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5945190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. In order to enhance the immunity of cancer patients to prevent relapse or to prolong survival time, umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCMCs) were transplanted to cancer patients. Patients and Methods. UCMCs were transfused to 63 immunocompromised gastrointestinal cancer patients with nonmyeloablative (NMA) conditioning regimen. Results. The clinical study showed that the number of both T and B cells increased much more rapidly after transfusion of UCMCs than that of the control group without transplantation (p < 0.01). Proinflammation cytokines IFNγ and TNFα in serum increased to or above the normal range in 80.9% of patients at 12 weeks after UCMC transfusion. However, they recovered to the normal range in 21.7% of patients at the same time point in the control group only. In addition, the clinical investigation also showed that the transfusion of UCMC increased stable disease (SD) and reduced progressive disease (PD) significantly (p < 0.01); however, it did not have significant effects on complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or mortality rates compared with the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions. UCMCs have powerful repairing effects on damaged cells and tissues and may reconstruct the impaired immunity. Transfusion of UCMCs could reconstruct the immunity of cancer patients with immunosuppression.
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Matsumoto T, Mugishima H. Non-hematopoietic stem cells in umbilical cord blood. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 2:83-9. [PMID: 24855525 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2009.2.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation has been used to treat a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Recent studies show convincing evidence that UCB contains not only hematopoietic progenitors, but also several types of stem and progenitor cells providing a high proliferative capacity and a variety of differentiation potentials. UCB-derived cells offer multiple advantages over adult stem cells from other sources like bone marrow (BM), because UCB can be collected without painful procedure, easily available in virtually unlimited supply, and has not been exposed to immunologic challenge. In addition, cord blood transplantation is now an established field with great potential and no serious ethical issue by establishment of public UCB banks throughout the world. Therefore UCB-derived non-hematopoietic stem cells may provide an attractive cell source for tissue repair and regeneration. It is generally accepted that UCB contains endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC), very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSEL), multilineage progenitor cells (MLPC), and neuronal progenitor cells. This review focuses on biological properties of these non-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from human UCB and their potential use in cell based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, School of Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Mugishima
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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Carvalho AS, Ramalho-Santos J. How can ethics relate to science? The case of stem cell research. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:591-5. [PMID: 23150079 PMCID: PMC3658189 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We live in an era of an important turning point in the relationship between ethics (or, more accurately, bioethics) and science, notably due to both public interest and the gradual tightening of the gap in time between scientific discoveries and ethical reflection. The current bioethics debates of emerging situations (pluripotent stem cells, gene therapy, nanotechnology) have undoubtedly contributed to this change. Today, science happens and bioethics reflects on the possibilities, considers the risks, and advances proposals, which, without being scientific, can also imprint a mark on the path of scientific development. In this article, through the narrative of stem cell research, we will try to illustrate how bringing a bioethical viewpoint to the scientific debate can become a healthy exercise in both ethics and science, especially as narratives shift, as was the case in this field due to the introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells, the advent of which is not easily dissociated from the controversies related to embryo research. We should perhaps welcome this trend as promising for the future relationship between ethics and scientific research, providing a stimulus (and not a block) to the ever-evolving scientific discourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Carvalho
- Centro de Investigação em Bioética, Instituto Bioética da Universidade Católica, Porto, Portugal.
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Yu X, Gu Z, Wang Y, Wang H. New strategies in cord blood cells transplantation. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:865-74. [PMID: 23589409 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For patients lacking a human leucocyte antigen-matched donor, umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an ideal, alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation purposes. UCB has many advantages over bone marrow or peripheral blood taken from volunteer donors. UCB is also an important source of other stem cells, including endothelial progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, very small embryonic/epiblast-like (VSEL) stem cells, and unrestricted somatic stem cells, which are potentially suitable for regenerative medicine. However, a significant clinical problem is that the number of HSCs in one cord-blood unit is not enough for an adult transplantation. The development of new approaches including use of multiple donors, ex vivo expansion, increasing efficiency of homing and engraftment, retrieving more cells from the placenta and cord blood is of crucial importance for the delayed engraftment after UCB transplantation. In the future, UCB will emerge as a source of cells for cellular therapies associated with tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214021, China
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Hansmeier N, Chao TC, Goldman LR, Witter FR, Halden RU. Prioritization of biomarker targets in human umbilical cord blood: identification of proteins in infant blood serving as validated biomarkers in adults. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:764-769. [PMID: 22538116 PMCID: PMC3346780 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis represents one of the best lines of defense in the fight against a wide array of human diseases. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is one of the first easily available diagnostic biofluids and can inform about the health status of newborns. However, compared with adult blood, its diagnostic potential remains largely untapped. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to accelerate biomarker research on UCB by exploring its detectable protein content and providing a priority list of potential biomarkers based on known proteins involved in disease pathways. METHODS We explored cord blood serum proteins by profiling a UCB pool of 12 neonates with different backgrounds using a combination of isoelectric focusing and liquid chromatography coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS/MS) and by comparing results with information contained in metabolic and disease databases available for adult blood. RESULTS A total of 1,210 UCB proteins were identified with a protein-level false discovery rate of ~ 5% as estimated by naïve target-decoy and MAYU approaches, signifying a 6-fold increase in the number of UCB proteins described to date. Identified proteins correspond to 138 different metabolic and disease pathways and provide a platform of mechanistically linked biomarker candidates for tracking disruptions in cellular processes. Moreover, among the identified proteins, 38 were found to be approved biomarkers for adult blood. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study advance current knowledge of the human cord blood serum proteome. They showcase the potential of UCB as a diagnostic medium for assessing infant health by detection and identification of candidate biomarkers for known disease pathways using a global, nontargeted approach. These biomarkers may inform about mechanisms of exposure-disease relationships. Furthermore, biomarkers approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for screening in adult blood were detected in UCB and represent high-priority targets for immediate validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hansmeier
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Murphy MB, Blashki D, Buchanan RM, Yazdi IK, Ferrari M, Simmons PJ, Tasciotti E. Adult and umbilical cord blood-derived platelet-rich plasma for mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, chemotaxis, and cryo-preservation. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5308-16. [PMID: 22542609 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from human adult peripheral blood and from human umbilical cord (uc) blood and the properties were compared in a series of in vitro bioassays. Quantification of growth factors in PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) fractions revealed increased levels of mitogenic growth factors PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, and FGF-2, the angiogenic agent VEGF and the chemokine RANTES in ucPRP compared to adult PRP (aPRP) and PPP. To compare the ability of the various PRP products to stimulate proliferation of human bone marrow (BM), rat BM and compact bone (CB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), cells were cultured in serum-free media for 4 and 7 days with varying concentrations of PRP, PPP, or combinations of recombinant mitogens. It was found that while all forms of PRP and PPP were more mitogenic than fetal bovine serum, ucPRP resulted in significantly higher proliferation by 7 days than adult PRP and PPP. We observed that addition of as little as 0.1% ucPRP caused greater proliferation of MSC effects than the most potent combination of recombinant growth factors tested, namely PDGF-AB + PDGF-BB + FGF-2, each at 10 ng/mL. Similarly, in chemotaxis assays, ucPRP showed greater potency than adult PRP, PPP from either source, or indeed than combinations of either recombinant growth factors (PDGF, FGF, and TGF-β1) or chemokines previously shown to stimulate chemotactic migration of MSC. Lastly, we successfully demonstrated that PRP and PPP represented a viable alternative to FBS containing media for the cryo-preservation of MSC from human and rat BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Murphy
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77025, USA
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Colnot C. Cell sources for bone tissue engineering: insights from basic science. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 17:449-57. [PMID: 21902612 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the goals of bone tissue engineering is to design delivery methods for skeletal stem/progenitor cells to repair or replace bone. Although the materials used to retain cells play a central role in the quality of the constructs, the source of cells is key for bone regeneration. Bone marrow is the most common cell source, but other tissues are now being explored, such as the periosteum, fat, muscle, cord blood, and embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells. The therapeutic effect of exogenous stem/progenitor cells is accepted, yet their contribution to bone repair is not well defined. The in vitro osteo- and/or chondrogenic potential of these skeletal progenitors do not necessarily predict their differentiation potential in vivo and their function may be affected by their ability to home correctly to bone. This review provides an overview of animal models used to test the efficacy of cell-based approaches. We examine the mechanisms of endogenous cell recruitment during bone repair and compare the role of local versus systemic cell recruitment. We discuss how the normal repair process can help define efficacious cell sources for bone tissue engineering and improve their methods of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Colnot
- INSERM U781, Tour Lavoisier 2ème étage, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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Weber B, Zeisberger SM, Hoerstrup SP. Prenatally harvested cells for cardiovascular tissue engineering: fabrication of autologous implants prior to birth. Placenta 2011; 32 Suppl 4:S316-9. [PMID: 21575988 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using the principal of tissue engineering, several groups have demonstrated the feasibility of creating heart valves, blood vessels, and myocardial structures using autologous cells and biodegradable scaffold materials. In the current cardiovascular clinical scenario, the main medical need for a tissue engineering solution is in the field of pediatric applications treating congenital heart disease. In these young patients, the introduction of autologous viable and growing replacement structures, such as tissue engineered heart valves and vessels, would substantially reduce today's severe therapeutic limitations, which are mainly due to the need for repeat reoperations to adapt the current artificial prostheses to somatic growth. Based on high resolution imaging techniques, an increasing number of defects are diagnosed already prior to birth around week 20. For interventions, cells should be obtained already during pregnancy to provide tissue engineered implants either at birth or even prenatally. In our recent studies human fetal mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from routinely sampled prenatal amniotic fluid or chorionic villus specimens and expanded in vitro. Fresh and cryopreserved samples were used. After phenotyping and genotyping, cells were seeded onto synthetic biodegradable scaffolds and conditioned in a bioreactor. Leaflets were endothelialized with either amniotic fluid- or umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells and conditioned. Resulting tissues were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry (amounts of extracellular matrix, DNA), mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and were compared with native neonatal heart valve leaflets. Genotyping confirmed their fetal origin, and fresh versus cryopreserved cells showed comparable myofibroblast-like phenotypes. Neo-tissues exhibited organization, cell phenotypes, extracellular matrix production, and DNA content comparable to their native counterparts. Leaflet surfaces were covered with functional endothelia. SEM showed morphologically cellular distribution throughout the polymer and smooth surfaces. Mechanical profiles approximated those of native heart valves. These in vitro studies demonstrated the principal feasibility of using various human cell types isolated from fetal sources for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Umbilical cord blood-, amniotic fluid- and chorionic villi-derived cells have shown promising potential for the clinical realization of this congenital tissue engineering approach. Based on these results, future research must aim at further investigation as well as preclinical evaluation of prenatally harvested stem- or progenitor cells with regard to their potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weber
- Department of Surgical Research and Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
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Effective combination of aligned nanocomposite nanofibers and human unrestricted somatic stem cells for bone tissue engineering. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:626-36. [PMID: 21516135 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Bioartificial bone tissue engineering is an increasingly popular technique to solve bone defect challenges. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between matrix composition and appropriate cell type, focusing on hydroxyapatite (HA), to achieve a more effective combination for bone regeneration. METHODS Human unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) were isolated from placental cord blood. The cellular and molecular events during the osteo-induction of USSCs were evaluated for 21 d under the following conditions: (1) in basal culture, (2) supplemented with hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (nHA) suspension, and (3) seeded on electrospun aligned nanofibrous poly-ɛ-caprolactone/poly-L-lactic acid/nHA (PCL/PLLA/nHA) scaffolds. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tensile test. RESULTS Maintenance of USSCs for 21 d in basal or osteogenic culture resulted in significant increase in osteoblast differentiation. With nHA suspension, even soluble osteo-inductive additives were ineffective, probably due to induced apoptosis of the cells. In contrast to the hindrance of proliferation by nHA suspension, the scaffolds improved cell growth. The scaffolds mimic the nanostructure of natural bone matrix with the combination of PLLA/PCL (organic phase) and HA (inorganic phase) offering a favorable surface topography, which was demonstrated to possess suitable properties for supporting USSCs. Quantitative measurement of osteogenic markers, enzymatic activity and mineralization indicated that the scaffolds did not disturb, but enhanced the osteogenic potential of USSCs. Moreover, the alignment of the fibers led to cell orientation during cell growth. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated the synergism of PCL/PLLA/nHA nanofibrous scaffolds and USSCs in the augmentation of osteogenic differentiation. Thus, nHA grafted into PCL/PLLA scaffolds can be a suitable choice for bone tissue regeneration.
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Aktas M, Buchheiser A, Houben A, Reimann V, Radke T, Jeltsch K, Maier P, Zeller WJ, Kogler G. Good manufacturing practice-grade production of unrestricted somatic stem cell from fresh cord blood. Cytotherapy 2010; 12:338-48. [PMID: 20370349 DOI: 10.3109/14653241003695034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The discovery of unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC), a non-hematopoietic stem cell population, brought cord blood (CB) to the attention of regenerative medicine for defining more protocols for non-hematopoietic indications. We demonstrate that a reliable and reproducible method for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-conforming generation of USSC is possible that fulfils safety requirements as well as criteria for clinical applications, such as adherence of strict regulations on cell isolation and expansion. METHODS In order to maintain GMP conformity, the automated cell processing system Sepax (Biosafe) was implemented for mononucleated cell (MNC) separation from fresh CB. After USSC generation, clinical-scale expansion was achieved by multi-layered CellSTACKs (Costar/Corning). Infectious disease markers, pyrogen and endotoxin levels, immunophenotype, potency, genetic stability and sterility of the cell product were evaluated. RESULTS The MNC isolation and cell cultivation methods used led to safe and reproducible GMP-conforming USSC production while maintaining somatic stem cell character. CONCLUSIONS Together with implemented in-process controls guaranteeing contamination-free products with adult stem cell character, USSC produced as suggested here may serve as a universal allogeneic stem cell source for future cell treatment and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Aktas
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University of Duesseldorf Medical School, Germany
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Liedtke S, Buchheiser A, Bosch J, Bosse F, Kruse F, Zhao X, Santourlidis S, Kögler G. The HOX Code as a “biological fingerprint” to distinguish functionally distinct stem cell populations derived from cord blood. Stem Cell Res 2010; 5:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Waclawczyk S, Buchheiser A, Flögel U, Radke TF, Kögler G. In vitro differentiation of unrestricted somatic stem cells into functional hepatic-like cells displaying a hepatocyte-like glucose metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:545-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cellular models for disease exploring and drug screening. Protein Cell 2010; 1:355-362. [PMID: 21203947 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical industry has been greatly promoted by the application of drug and disease models, including both animal and cellular models. In particular, the emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) makes it possible to create a large number of disease-specific cells in vitro. This review introduces the most widely applied models and their specialties.
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Reimann V, Creutzig U, Kögler G. Stem cells derived from cord blood in transplantation and regenerative medicine. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2009; 106:831-6. [PMID: 20049094 PMCID: PMC2801068 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2009.0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians of any specialty may be the first persons to whom prospective parents turn for information about the acquisition and storage of stem cells derived from cord blood. Stem cells can potentially be used to treat many diseases, yet they are not a panacea. This article provides an overview of their current and possible future applications. METHODS Original papers were retrieved by a selective search of the literature, and the Internet sites and advertising brochures of private stem cell banks were also examined. RESULTS Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood (obtained from healthy donors, rather than from the patient to be treated) have been in routine use worldwide for more than ten years in the treatment of hematopoietic diseases. Experiments in cell culture and in animal models suggest that these cells might be of therapeutic use in regenerative medicine, but also show that this potential can be realized only if the cells are not cryopreserved. There is as yet no routine clinical application of autologous hematopoietic stem cells from cord blood (self-donation of blood), even though cord blood has been stored in private banks for more than ten years. CONCLUSIONS Autologous stem cells from cord blood have poor prospects for use in regenerative medicine, because they have to be cryopreserved until use. Physicians should tell prospective parents that they have no reason to feel guilty if they choose not to store cord blood in a private bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Reimann
- Institut für Transplantationsdiagnostik und Zelltherapeutika, José Carreras Stammzellbank, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
| | | | - Gesine Kögler
- Institut für Transplantationsdiagnostik und Zelltherapeutika, José Carreras Stammzellbank, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
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Kögler G, Critser P, Trapp T, Yoder M. Future of cord blood for non-oncology uses. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 44:683-97. [PMID: 19802027 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For the last 5 years cord blood (CB) has been under intense experimental investigation in in vitro differentiation models and in preclinical animal models ranging from bone to muscle regeneration, cardiovascular diseases including myocardial and peripheral arterial disease, stroke and Parkinson's disease. On the basis of its biological advantages, CB can be an ideal source for tissue regeneration. However, in the hype of the so-called 'plasticity', many cell types have been characterized either on cell surface Ag expression alone or by RNA expression only, and without detailed characterization of genetic pathways; frequently, cells are defined without analysis of cellular function in vitro and in vivo, and the definition of the lineage of origin and cells have not been defined in preclinical studies. Here, we explore not only the most consistent data with regard to differentiation of CB cells in vitro and in vivo, but also show technical limitations, such as why in contrast to cell populations isolated from fresh CB, cryopreserved CB is not the ideal source for tissue regeneration. By taking advantage of numerous CB units discarded due to lack of sufficient hematopoietic cells for clinical transplantation, new concepts to produce off-the-shelf products are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kögler
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University of Duesseldorf Medical School, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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