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Lim HS, Yoon K, Lee DH, Lee YS, Chung JH, Park G. Effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114899. [PMID: 37229804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that exposure of skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation for 2 weeks induces stress and accelerates skin aging. Interestingly, aldosterone synthase is known to be crucial in generating UVB-induced stress-related responses, suggesting that drugs that regulate its activity can be used as skin antiaging agents. Through extensive drug screening, we have identified 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a steroidal prohormone secreted by the prothoracic glands of insects, as a potent inhibitor of UVB-induced aging. Although 20E has been shown to exert antistress and anti-collagenase effects in vitro, its effects in vivo remain unexplored. Furthermore, the pharmacological and physiological effects of 20E on UVB-mediated photoaging are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of 20E on aldosterone synthase and UVB-induced photoaging and skin lesions in hairless mice, focusing on the stress-related hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We confirmed that 20E inhibited aldosterone synthase and reduced corticosterone levels. When applied to a UV-induced skin aging animal model, it ameliorated UV-induced stress and protected against the decrease in collagen levels. Importantly, when the aldosterone synthase inhibitor osilodrostat, an FDA-approved drug, was applied to the UV-induced skin aging model, the stress-reducing and antiaging effects of 20E were not observed. Thus, we conclude that 20E inhibits UVB-induced skin aging by blocking aldosterone synthase and is a potential candidate to prevent skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongno Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, the Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhyuk Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, the Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34113, the Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Gan Y, Zhu H, Liu Z, Yao X, Cheng C, Liu Z, Su C, Zou J. Role of mitochondrial metabolism in immune checkpoint inhibitors-related myocarditis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1112222. [PMID: 36760573 PMCID: PMC9902768 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis is the deadliest complication of immunotherapy. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of its occurrence and development remain unclear. Due to the long-term lack of effective early diagnosis and treatment options, it is of great significance to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. Methods Tissue samples from three patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis and three control tissue samples were collected for protein analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were screened out using quantitative proteomics technology based on TMT markers. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analyses of cross-factors were subsequently performed. Combined with the PD-L1 subcellular organelle- level protein interaction network, we searched for hub proteins involved in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis and explored potential drug sensitivity and disease correlation. Results A total of 306 differentially expressed proteins were identified in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. Enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were closely related to mitochondrial metabolism. By analyzing mitochondria-related proteins and PD-L1-related proteins, we found four hub proteins, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11), and Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), indicating that they are closely related to immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. Finally, we explored potential drugs for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. Conclusion Mitochondrial metabolism is involved in the process of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis, and we identified four hub proteins, which may become new biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis.
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Chochkova M, Jiang H, Kyoseva R, Stoykova B, Tsvetanova E, Alexandrova A, Liu R, Li Z, Mitrev Y, Dimitrova-Sbirkova H, Štícha M, Shivachev B. Cinnamoyl-memantine hybrids: Synthesis, X-ray crystallography and biological activities. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tencheva A, Liu R, Volkova TV, Chayrov R, Mitrev Y, Štícha M, Li Y, Jiang H, Li Z, Stankova I, Perlovich GL. Synthetic analogues of memantine as neuroprotective and influenza viral inhibitors: in vitro and physicochemical studies. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1559-1580. [PMID: 33191465 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug compounds including memantine moieties are an important group of biologically active agents for different pathologies, including the Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, a series of memantine derivatives incorporating amino acid residues have been synthesized and their neuroprotective in vitro evaluation in respect of the Alzheimer's disease, involving the effects on the resistance to Aβ toxicity, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and neuroinflammation has been studied. The cytotoxicities of the compounds were detected by CPE assay. TC50 and IC50 were determined using Reed and Muench method. Solubility and distribution were measured using a shake-flask method. Permeability of the compounds was studied using Franz diffusion cell and Permeapad™ barrier. These compounds displayed apparent multi-neuroprotective effects against copper-triggered Aβ toxicity, glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, and oxidative and hypoxic injuries. They also showed the ability to inhibit the inflammatory cytokine release from the activated microglia and potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Especially, two most promising compounds H-4-F-Phe-memantine and H-Tyr-memantine demonstrated the equivalent functional bioactivities in comparison with the positive control memantine hydrochloride. Higher solubility in muriatic buffer than in phosphate buffer was detected. The distribution coefficients showed the optimal lipophilicity for compounds. The presented results propose new class of memantine derivatives as potential drug compounds. Based on the experimental results, the correlations have been obtained between the biological, physicochemical parameters and structural descriptors. The correlation equations have been proposed to predict the properties of new memantine derivatives knowing only the structural formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tencheva
- Department of Chemistry, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", 2700, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tatyana V Volkova
- Krestov's Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Radoslav Chayrov
- Department of Chemistry, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", 2700, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Mitrev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry With Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Štícha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hailun Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ivanka Stankova
- Department of Chemistry, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", 2700, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria.
| | - German L Perlovich
- Krestov's Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia.
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Lim HS, Moon BC, Lee J, Choi G, Park G. The insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:23-36. [PMID: 32745769 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a steroidal prohormone, is secreted from the prothoracic glands. While 20E has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) models in vitro, its effects have not yet been examined in vivo. We sought to assess the behavioral and mechanistic effects of 20E on MPTP-induced toxicity in mice. To this end, we used behavioral tests, stereological analyses of dopaminergic neurons by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, and assessments of apoptotic mechanisms, focusing on Nrf2 signaling through Western blotting and ELISA assays. A 20E treatment protected against MPTP-induced motor incoordination, postural imbalance, and bradykinesia, and significantly reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the striatum (ST). It also attenuated dopamine deficiency in the ST, modulated levels of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the SNpc, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and inhibited cytosolic cytochrome c release and caspase-9, -7, and -3 activity in the SNpc. These results indicated that 20E inhibited the apoptotic cascade. Furthermore, the attenuation of MPTP neurotoxicity was associated with inhibited cleaved-caspase signaling pathways, along with upregulated Nrf2 pathways in the SNpc, suggesting that 20E mitigates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by modulating anti-oxidative activities. Our results suggest that 20E can inhibit MPTP-induced behavioral and neurotoxic effects in mice. This lays the foundation for further research on 20E as a potential target for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Goya Choi
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhyuk Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea.
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Zhong KL, Lu MY, Liu F, Mei Y, Zhang XJ, Zhang H, Zan J, Sun XO, Tan W. Isosteviol Sodium Protects Neural Cells Against Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis Through Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Pathways. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 28:175-184. [PMID: 30539754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevioside, isolated from the herb Stevia rebaudiana, has been widely used as a food sweetener all over the world. Isosteviol Sodium (STV-Na), an injectable formulation of isosteviol sodium salt, has been proved to possess much greater solubility and bioavailability and exhibit protective effects against cerebral ischemia injury in vivo by inhibiting neuron apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects STV-Na are still not completely known. In the present study, we investigated the effects of STV-Na on neuronal cell death caused by hypoxia in vitro and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS We used cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to expose mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells to hypoxic conditions in vitro. RESULTS Our results showed that pretreatment with STV-Na (20 μM) significantly attenuated the decrease of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release and cell apoptosis under conditions of CoCl2-induced hypoxia. Meanwhile, STV-Na pretreatment significantly attenuated the upregulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and reactive oxygen species production, and inhibited mitochondrial depolarization in N2a cells under conditions of CoCl2-induced hypoxia. Furthermore, STV-Na pretreatment significantly downregulated expressions of nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalings in N2a cells under conditions of CoCl2-induced hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, STV-Na protects neural cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis through inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Zhong
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Yi Lu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Mei
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ju Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Synthesis and activity towards Alzheimer's disease in vitro: Tacrine, phenolic acid and ligustrazine hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:238-254. [PMID: 29466774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tacrine-phenolic acid dihybrids and tacrine-phenolic acid-ligustrazine trihybrids were synthesized, characterized and screened as novel potential anti-Alzheimer drug candidates. These compounds showed potent inhibition activity towards cholinesterases (ChEs), among of them, 9i was the most potent one towards acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE, IC50 = 3.9 nM; hAChE, IC50 = 65.2 nM). 9i could also effectively block β-amyloid (Aβ) self-aggregation with an inhibition ratio of 47% at 20 μM. In addition, its strong anti-oxidation activity could protect PC12 cells from CoCl2-damage in the experimental condition while no neurotoxicity. Furthermore, its hepatotoxicity was lower than tacrine in vitro and in vivo. Kinetic and molecular modeling studies revealed that 9i worked in a mixed-type way, could interact simultaneously with catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. Therefore, 9i was a promising multifunctional candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Gong W, Qie S, Huang P, Xi J. Protective Effect of miR-374a on Chemical Hypoxia-Induced Damage of PC12 Cells In Vitro via the GADD45α/JNK Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:581-590. [PMID: 29247275 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of microRNA-374a (miR-374a) on chemical hypoxia-induced pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell damage by mediating growth arrest and the DNA damage-45 alpha (GADD45α)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. PC12 cells were divided into a Control group (no treatment), Model group (treated with CoCl2 for 24 h), negative control (NC) group (transfected with miR-374a negative control sequence and treated with CoCl2 for 24 h), and miR-374a mimic group (transfected with miR-374a mimics and treated with CoCl2 for 24 h). The viability and apoptosis of PC12 cells were determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, while the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content were assessed by Rh123 and dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) methods. The expression of miR-374a and GADD45α/JNK proteins was detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. A significant decrease was found in the survival rate, MMP and miR-374a expression, while an increase was shown in the ROS content and GADD45α and p-JNK expression in hypoxic PC12 cells (all P < 0.05). A luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that GADD45α is the target gene of miR-374a. When transfected with miR-374a mimics, hypoxic PC12 cells showed an obvious elevation in survival rate and MMP but a great reduction in cell apoptosis and ROS content, as well as in the expression of GADD45α and p-JNK proteins (all P < 0.05). MiR-374a can protect PC12 cells against hypoxia-induced injury by inhibiting the GADD45α/JNK pathway, enhancing cell viability, suppressing oxidative stress, and inhibiting cell apoptosis, thereby becoming a potential therapeutic target for hypoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Gong
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang, Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Shuyan Qie
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang, Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Peiling Huang
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jianing Xi
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang, Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China.
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Thiem B, Kikowska M, Maliński MP, Kruszka D, Napierała M, Florek E. Ecdysteroids: production in plant in vitro cultures. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2016; 16:603-622. [PMID: 28867986 PMCID: PMC5559567 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroids are secondary metabolites, widely distributed in the animal and plant kingdoms. They have a wide range of pharmacological effects in vertebrates, including mammals, most of which are beneficial for humans. Therefore, they have become compounds of interest for the pharmaceutical industry due to their adaptogenic, anabolic, hypoglycaemic, hypocholesterolaemic and antimicrobial activities, which are still being researched. Nowadays, ecdysteroids are present as active ingredients in bodybuilding supplements. Because of their complex structures, their chemical synthesis seems unprofitable and impractical. Due to high content of ecdysteroids in many plants, they are primarily obtained by extraction of the plant material. Plant in vitro cultures provide an alternative source of these compounds, helping to avoid problems associated with field production-such as variable yield or dependence on environmental factors, as well as limited availability of natural resources. Plant cell and tissue cultures may be suggested as alternatives for the production of plant biomass rich in pharmaceutically active ecdysteroids. Moreover, the use of common biotechnological strategies, such as elicitation or precursor feeding, may further increase the yield and improve production of these compounds. In this paper, we describe general information about ecdysteroids: their structure, biosynthesis, distribution, role in plants, and we review recent studies on micropropagation of ecdysteroid-producing plants and cell cultures, and potential ability of ecdysteroids enhancement in in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Thiem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał P. Maliński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kruszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Napierała
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631 Poznan, Poland
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Ligustrazine-Oleanolic Acid Glycine Derivative, G-TOA, Selectively Inhibited the Proliferation and Induced Apoptosis of Activated HSC-T6 Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111599. [PMID: 27886086 PMCID: PMC6273822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a naturally occurring wound-healing reaction, with an imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) during tissue repair response, which can further deteriorate to hepatocellular carcinoma without timely treatment. Inhibiting activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and inducing apoptosis are the main methods for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In our previous study, we found that the TOA-glycine derivative (G-TOA) had exhibited more significant inhibitory activity against HepG2 cells and better hydrophilicity than TOA, ligustrazine (TMP), and oleanolic acid (OA). However, inhibiting activated HSC proliferation and inducing apoptosis by G-TOA had not been reported. In this paper, the selective cytotoxicity of G-TOA was evaluated on HSC-T6 cells and L02 cells, and apoptosis mechanisms were explored. It was found that G-TOA could selectively inhibit the proliferation of activated HSC-T6 cells, induce morphological changes, early apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, increase intracellular free calcium levels, downregulate the expression of NF-κB/p65 and COX-2 protein, and decrease the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, thereby inducing HSC-T6 cell apoptosis. Thence, G-TOA might be a potential antifibrosis agent for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis, provided that it exerts anti-fibrosis effects on activated HSC-T6 cells.
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Navruz-Varli S, Sanlier N. Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lai W, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Wei Y, Chu K, Brown J, Hong G, Chen L. Salidroside-Mediated Neuroprotection is Associated with Induction of Early Growth Response Genes (Egrs) Across a Wide Therapeutic Window. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:108-21. [PMID: 25911293 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic properties. To identify whether salidroside might be a candidate for treating ischemic stroke, we investigated the effects of salidroside or vehicle, given daily for 6 days, after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h and reperfusion for either 1 or 48 h in rats. Salidroside reduced cerebral infarct volume and significantly improved neurological scores whether started after 1 or 48 h of reperfusion. Microarray analysis showed that 20 % (133/678) of the genes down-regulated by ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion were up-regulated by salidroside, whereas 13 % (105/829) of the genes induced by ischemia-reperfusion were inhibited by salidroside, suggesting that salidroside can reverse effects of ischemia-reperfusion on gene expression. The main enriched functional categories induced by salidroside were genes related to synaptic plasticity, whereas salidroside inhibited genes related to inflammation. Induction of Egr1, Egr2, Egr4, and Arc by salidroside was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blotting in ischemic brains treated after either 1 or 48 h of reperfusion. The potential protective role of Egr4 in salidroside-mediated neuroprotection was subsequently investigated in CoCl2-treated PC12 cells. Egr4 was dose-dependently induced by salidroside in PC12 cells, and depleting Egr4 with target-specific siRNA increased caspase-3 activity and Bax, but decreased Bcl-xl, which were reversed by salidroside. Finally, we confirmed that salidroside inhibited the Bax/Bcl-xl-related apoptosis after MCAO with reperfusion. In conclusion, salidroside is highly neuroprotective with a wide therapeutic time window after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat, and this partially involves induction of Egrs, leading to inhibition of Bax/Bcl-xl-related apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Lai
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Huatou Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China
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Graf BL, Rojas-Silva P, Rojo LE, Delatorre-Herrera J, Baldeón ME, Raskin I. Innovations in Health Value and Functional Food Development of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 14:431-445. [PMID: 27453695 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Amaranthaceae) is a grain-like, stress-tolerant food crop that has provided subsistence, nutrition, and medicine for Andean indigenous cultures for thousands of years. Quinoa contains a high content of health-beneficial phytochemicals, including amino acids, fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, saponins, phytosterols, phytoecdysteroids, phenolics, betalains, and glycine betaine. Over the past 2 decades, numerous food and nutraceutical products and processes have been developed from quinoa. Furthermore, 4 clinical studies have demonstrated that quinoa supplementation exerts significant, positive effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal health in humans. However, vast challenges and opportunities remain within the scientific, agricultural, and development sectors to optimize quinoa's role in the promotion of global human health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Graf
- Dept. of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers Univ., 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A
| | - Patricio Rojas-Silva
- Dept. of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers Univ., 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A
| | - Leonel E Rojo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Univ. Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Jose Delatorre-Herrera
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Univ. Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Manuel E Baldeón
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Univ. de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Dept. of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers Univ., 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A
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14
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Li G, Xu X, Xu K, Chu F, Song J, Zhou S, Xu B, Gong Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang P, Lei H. Ligustrazinyl amides: a novel class of ligustrazine-phenolic acid derivatives with neuroprotective effects. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:9. [PMID: 25810760 PMCID: PMC4372684 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ligustrazine has potent effects of thrombolysis, neuroprotection and vascular protection, which were important for effectively protecting the nervous system. Previous study in our laboratory reported that ligustrazine-benzoic acid derivatives have been shown to exhibit beneficial effect against CoCl2-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. To further improve ligustrazine’s neuroprotection, we integrated the ligustrazine and phenolic acid fragments into one molecule via an amide bond based on structural combination. Results In this study, 12 novel ligustrazine-phenolic acid derivatives were synthesized and nine others were prepared by improved methods. Furthermore, these compounds were evaluated for their protective effects against CoCl2-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. The amides conjunctional derivatives exhibited promising neuroprotective activities in comparison with ligustrazine. In addition, the most active congener (E)-3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-N-((3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl)acrylamide (L10, EC50 = 25 μM), which is 2 times higher than that of ligustrazine, may be a potential candidate for intervention in neurological diseases. Structure-activity relationship was discussed briefly. Conclusions Results of series of ligustrazinyl amides enrich the study of ligustrazine derivatives with neuroprotective effects. Our completed work supports that the attempt to apply structure combination to discover more efficient neuroprotection lead compounds is viable. Ligustrazinyl Amides L1-L21 with Neuroprotective Effects. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Kuo Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Fuhao Chu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Jixiang Song
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Shen Zhou
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Yan Gong
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Huazheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Wangjing Middle Ring South Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District China
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15
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Graf BL, Cheng DM, Esposito D, Shertel T, Poulev A, Plundrich N, Itenberg D, Dayan N, Lila MA, Raskin I. Compounds leached from quinoa seeds inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:212-21. [PMID: 25496720 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a seed crop rich in bioactive compounds including phytoecdysones (especially 20-hydroxyecdysone, 20HE), polyphenols, proteins and essential fatty acids. We previously reported a method to leach and concentrate quinoa bioactives into a complex phytochemical mixture termed quinoa leachate (QL). Here, we aimed to determine the effect of QL and its chemically distinct fractions on five biochemical endpoints relevant to skin care applications: (i) cell viability, (ii) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mRNA expression, (iii) MMP enzymatic activity, (iv) tyrosinase enzymatic activity and (v) intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. METHODS Quinoa leachate was fractionated and chemically characterized using column chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cell viability was determined using a MTT assay in four mammalian cell lines. MMP-1 mRNA expression was assessed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) via qRT-PCR. The enzymatic activity of MMP-9 and tyrosinase was measured using fluorometric and colorimetric in vitro assays, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ROS production was determined in human dermal fibroblasts by fluorescence intensity of an oxidant-sensitive probe. RESULTS Quinoa leachate was separated into three fractions: (i) carbohydrate-rich fraction (QL-C; 71.3% w/w of QL); (ii) phytoecdysone, polyphenol and protein-rich fraction (QL-P, 13.3% w/w of QL); (iii) oil-rich fraction (QL-O, 10.8% w/w of QL). QL did not reduce cell viability in any of the four cell lines tested. QL, QL-P and QL-O each significantly inhibited MMP-1 mRNA expression in HDF at a concentration of 5 μg mL(-1) . QL and QL-P also significantly inhibited MMP-9 enzymatic activity, whereas QL-P demonstrated significant tyrosinase enzymatic inhibition. Furthermore, QL, QL-P, QL-O and 20HE significantly inhibited intracellular ROS production. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate the MMP, tyrosinase and ROS inhibiting properties of multiple different phytochemical components derived from quinoa seeds. Our work indicates that quinoa phytochemicals may play a role in the treatment and prevention of skin ageing through a multiplicity of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Graf
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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16
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Xu B, Gong Y, Xu X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Chu F, Liu H, Wang P, Lei H. Synthesis and protective effect of new ligustrazine derivatives against CoCl2-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. Part 2. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00552j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel ligustrazine derivatives were synthesized and displayed the remarkable protective effect (highest EC50 = 0.719 μM) on PC12 cells damaged by CoCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Yan Gong
- School of Chinese Pharmacy
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Chenze Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Fuhao Chu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
- College of TCM
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
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17
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Ragged Robin (Lychnis flos-cuculi) - a plant with potential medicinal value. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and protective effect of new ligustrazine-benzoic acid derivatives against CoCl2-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. Molecules 2013; 18:13027-42. [PMID: 24145795 PMCID: PMC6270565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181013027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel ligustrazine-benzoic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their protective effect against cobalt chloride-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. Combining hematoxylin and eosin staining, we found compound that (3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl 3-methoxy-4-[(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methoxy]benzoate (4a) displayed promising protective effect on the proliferation of the injured PC12 cells (EC50 = 4.249 µM). Structure-activity relationships are briefly discussed.
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19
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Li J, Qu Y, Chen D, Zhang L, Zhao F, Luo L, Pan L, Hua J, Mu D. The neuroprotective role and mechanisms of TERT in neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neuroscience 2013; 252:346-58. [PMID: 23968592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is reported to protect neurons from apoptosis induced by various stresses including hypoxia-ischemia (HI). However, the mechanisms by which TERT exerts its anti-apoptotic role in neurons with HI injury remain unclear. In this study, we examined the protective role and explored the possible mechanisms of TERT in neurons with HI injury in vitro. Primary cultured neurons were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 3h followed by reperfusion to mimic HI injury in vivo. Plasmids containing TERT antisense, sense nucleotides, or mock were transduced into neurons at 48h before OGD. Expression and distribution of TERT were measured by immunofluorescence labeling and western blot. The expression of cleaved caspase 3 (CC3), Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by western blot. Neuronal apoptosis was measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL). The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by MitoSOX Red staining. Fluorescent probe JC-1 was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). We found that TERT expression increased at 8h and peaked at 24h in neurons after OGD. CC3 expression and neuronal apoptosis were induced and peaked at 24h after OGD. TERT inhibition significantly increased CC3 expression and neuronal apoptosis after OGD treatment. Additionally, TERT inhibition decreased the expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and enhanced ROS production and ΔΨm dissipation after OGD. These data suggest that TERT plays a neuroprotective role via anti-apoptosis in neurons after OGD. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with regulating Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio, attenuating ROS generation, and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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20
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Hu J, Luo CX, Chu WH, Shan YA, Qian ZM, Zhu G, Yu YB, Feng H. 20-Hydroxyecdysone protects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal injury by scavenging free radicals and modulating NF-κB and JNK pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50764. [PMID: 23239983 PMCID: PMC3519785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathological processes of ischemic brain damage. Many antioxidants have been shown to protect against cerebral ischemia injury by inhibiting oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E), an ecdysteroid hormone, exhibits antioxidative effects. For the work described in this paper, we used an in vitro oxidative damage model and an in vivo ischemic model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 20E and the mechanisms related to these effects. Treatment of cells with H2O2 led to neuronal injury, intracellular ROS/RNS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, cellular antioxidant potential descent, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and an elevation of intracellular [Ca2+], all of which were markedly attenuated by 20E. Inhibition of the activation of the ASK1-MKK4/7-JNK stress signaling pathway and cleaved caspase-3 induced by oxidative stress were involved in the neuroprotection afforded by 20E. In addition, 20E reduced the expression of iNOS protein by inhibition of NF-κB activation. The neuroprotective effect of 20E was also confirmed in vivo. 20E significantly decreased infarct volume and the neurological deficit score, restored antioxidant potential and inhibited the increase in MDA and TUNEL-positive and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in the cerebral cortex in MCAO rats. Together, these results support that 20E protects against cerebral ischemia injury by inhibiting ROS/RNS production and modulating oxidative stress-induced signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Xia Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hua Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - You An Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Bing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YBY); (HF)
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YBY); (HF)
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21
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Gürbay A. Protective effect of zinc chloride against cobalt chloride-induced cytotoxicity on vero cells: preliminary results. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:110-6. [PMID: 22281816 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of cobalt chloride on Vero cells. The cultured cells were incubated with different concentrations of cobalt chloride ranging from 0.5 to 1,000 μM, and cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and resazurin assays. Possible protective effects of vitamin E, coenzyme Q(10), and zinc chloride were also tested in this system. A gradual decrease in cell proliferation was observed at concentrations ~≥ 200 μM in incubation periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h with MTT assay. Exposure of cells to 500 and 1,000 μM cobalt chloride caused significant decrease in cell survival. A biphasic survival profile of cells was observed at 1-25 μM concentration range following 96 h of incubation. With resazurin assay, cytotoxicity profile of CoCl(2) was found comparable to the results of MTT assay, particularly at high concentrations and long incubation periods. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was noted following exposure of cells to ≥ 250 μM of CoCl(2) for 24 h and ≥ 100 μM concentrations of CoCl(2) for 48-96 h. Pretreatment of cells with ZnCl(2) for 4 or 24 h provided significant protection against cobalt chloride-induced cytotoxicity when measured with MTT assay. However, vitamin E or coenzyme Q(10) was not protective. CoCl(2) had dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in Vero cells. Preventive effect of ZnCl(2) against CoCl(2)-induced cytotoxicity should be considered in detail to define exact mechanism of toxicity in Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Gürbay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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