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Schmid F, Dahlmann M, Röhrich H, Kobelt D, Hoffmann J, Burock S, Walther W, Stein U. Calcium-binding protein S100P is a new target gene of MACC1, drives colorectal cancer metastasis and serves as a prognostic biomarker. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:675-685. [PMID: 35597866 PMCID: PMC9381557 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The metastasis inducing gene MACC1 is a prognostic and predictive biomarker for metastasis in several cancers. Its mechanism of inducing metastasis includes the transcriptional control of other cancer-related target genes. Here, we investigate the interplay with the metastasis driver S100P in CRC progression. Methods MACC1-dependent S100P expression was analysed by qRT-PCR. The binding of MACC1 to the S100P promoter was determined by ChIP. Alterations in cell proliferation and motility were determined by functional in vitro assays. In vivo metastasis after intrasplenic transplantation was assessed by bioluminescence imaging and evaluation of tumour growth and liver metastasis. The prognostic value of S100P was determined in CRC patients by ROC-based Kaplan–Meier analyses. Results Expression of S100P and MACC1 correlated positively in CRC cells and colorectal tumours. MACC1 was found binding to the S100P promoter and induces its expression. The overexpression of S100P increased proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and significantly induced liver metastasis in vivo. S100P expression was significantly elevated in metachronously metastasising CRC and was associated with shorter metastasis-free survival. Conclusions We identified S100P as a transcriptional target gene of MACC1. Expression of S100P increases the metastatic potential of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, and serves as a prognostic biomarker for metastasis-free survival of CRC patients, emphasising novel therapeutic interventions targeting S100P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Schmid
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Röhrich
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susen Burock
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Invalidenstraße 80, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Experimental and Clinical Research Center of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yin Q, Yang X, Li L, Xu T, Zhou W, Gu W, Ma F, Yang R. The Association Between Breast Cancer and Blood-Based Methylation of S100P and HYAL2 in the Chinese Population. Front Genet 2020; 11:977. [PMID: 33005177 PMCID: PMC7485126 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that DNA methylation in peripheral blood may be associated with malignancy; however, these studies have mainly been conducted within Caucasian populations. Here, we investigated the association between blood-based methylation of S100 calcium-binding protein P gene (S100P) and hyaluronoglucosaminidase 2 gene (HYAL2) and breast cancer (BC) via mass spectrometry in two independent case-control studies of the Chinese population with a total of 351 BC cases and 427 cancer-free female controls. In Study I, in which subjects had an average of 45 years, hypomethylation of S100P showed a protective effect for women ≤45 years (six out of nine CpG sites, p < 0.05) but not for women >45 years. In contrast, hypomethylation of HAYL2 was not correlated with BC in women ≤45 years but was a risk factor for women >45 years (three out of four CpG sites, p < 0.05). We proposed an age-dependent correlation between BC and methylation of S100P and HYAL2 and performed further validation in Study II with older subjects (average age = 52.5 years), where hypomethylation of both S100P and HYAL2 was a risk factor for BC (p < 0.05 for 10 CpG sites) as reported in Caucasians who develop BC around 55 years old. Together with the observation that Chinese cancer-free females having variant basal methylation levels comparing to Caucasians, we assumed that blood-based methylation might be modified by ethnic background, hormone status, and lifestyle. Here, we highlighted that the epigenetic biomarkers warrant validations when its application in variant ethnic groups is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Chengdu Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Cancer-associated S100P protein binds and inactivates p53, permits therapy-induced senescence and supports chemoresistance. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22508-22. [PMID: 26967060 PMCID: PMC5008377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
S100P belongs to the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins regulating diverse cellular processes. Certain S100 family members (S100A4 and S100B) are associated with cancer and used as biomarkers of metastatic phenotype. Also S100P is abnormally expressed in tumors and implicated in migration-invasion, survival, and response to therapy. Here we show that S100P binds the tumor suppressor protein p53 as well as its negative regulator HDM2, and that this interaction perturbs the p53-HDM2 binding and increases the p53 level. Paradoxically, the S100P-induced p53 is unable to activate its transcriptional targets hdm2, p21WAF, and bax following the DNA damage. This appears to be related to reduced phosphorylation of serine residues in both N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the p53 molecule. Furthermore, the S100P expression results in lower levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, in reduced cell death response to cytotoxic treatments, followed by stimulation of therapy-induced senescence and increased clonogenic survival. Conversely, the S100P silencing suppresses the ability of cancer cells to survive the DNA damage and form colonies. Thus, we propose that the oncogenic role of S100P involves binding and inactivation of p53, which leads to aberrant DNA damage responses linked with senescence and escape to proliferation. Thereby, the S100P protein may contribute to the outgrowth of aggressive tumor cells resistant to cytotoxic therapy and promote cancer progression.
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An BC, Jung NK, Park CY, Oh IJ, Choi YD, Park JI, Lee SW. Epigenetic and Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 in Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cells 2016; 39:631-8. [PMID: 27484907 PMCID: PMC4990756 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), an antioxidant enzyme, acts as a modulator of redox signaling, has immunomodulatory function, and catalyzes the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). GPx3 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. Although hyper-methylation of the GPx3 promoter has been shown to down-regulate its expression, other mechanisms by which GPx3 expression is regulated have not been reported. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the mechanisms of GPx3 regulation. GPx3 gene analysis predicted the presence of ten glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) on the GPx3 gene. This result prompted us to investigate whether GPx3 expression is regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is implicated in tumor response to chemotherapy. The corticosteroid dexamethasone (Dex) was used to examine the possible relationship between GR and GPx3 expression. Dex significantly induced GPx3 expression in H1299, H1650, and H1975 cell lines, which exhibit low levels of GPx3 expression under normal conditions. The results of EMSA and ChIP-PCR suggest that GR binds directly to GRE 6 and 7, both of which are located near the GPx3 promoter. Assessment of GPx3 transcription efficiency using a luciferase reporter system showed that blocking formation of the GR-GRE complexes reduced luciferase activity by 7-8-fold. Suppression of GR expression by siRNA transfection also induced down-regulation of GPx3. These data indicate that GPx3 expression can be regulated independently via epigenetic or GR-mediated mechanisms in lung cancer cells, and suggest that GPx3 could potentiate glucocorticoid (GC)-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chull An
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - Chun Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - Yoo-Duk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Seung-won Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
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Abstract
In humans, the S100 protein family is composed of 21 members that exhibit a high degree of structural similarity, but are not functionally interchangeable. This family of proteins modulates cellular responses by functioning both as intracellular Ca(2+) sensors and as extracellular factors. Dysregulated expression of multiple members of the S100 family is a common feature of human cancers, with each type of cancer showing a unique S100 protein profile or signature. Emerging in vivo evidence indicates that the biology of most S100 proteins is complex and multifactorial, and that these proteins actively contribute to tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune evasion. Drug discovery efforts have identified leads for inhibiting several S100 family members, and two of the identified inhibitors have progressed to clinical trials in patients with cancer. This Review highlights new findings regarding the role of S100 family members in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the contribution of S100 signalling to tumour biology, and the discovery and development of S100 inhibitors for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R. Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - David J. Weber
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 20102, USA
| | - Danna B. Zimmer
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 20102, USA
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