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Chen CC, Chang WS, Pei JS, Kuo CC, Wang CH, Wang YC, Hsu PC, He JL, Gu J, Bau DAT, Tsai CW. Non-homologous End-joining Genotype, mRNA Expression, and DNA Repair Capacity in Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:144-157. [PMID: 38423600 PMCID: PMC10905275 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The capacity for non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair plays a pivotal role in maintaining genome stability and in carcinogenesis. However, there is little literature on the involvement of NHEJ-related genes in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Our study aimed to elucidate the impact of polymorphisms of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4) (rs6869366, rs2075685, rs2075686, rs28360071, rs3734091, rs28360317, rs1805377), XRCC5 (rs828907, rs11685387, rs9288518), XRCC6 (rs5751129, rs2267437, rs132770, rs132774), XRCC7 rs7003908, and DNA ligase IV (LIG4) rs1805388, on the odds of childhood ALL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotypes NHEJ-related genes of 266 cases and 266 controls were determined, and the genotype-phenotype correlation was investigated by examining mRNA transcript expression and the capacity for overall and precise NHEJ repair. RESULTS The variant genotypes of XRCC4 rs3734091, rs28360071, XRCC5 rs828907, and XRCC6 rs5751129 were significantly associated with increased odds of childhood ALL. Further analysis based on susceptibility genotypes showed no significant differences in mRNA transcript expression levels among childhood ALL cases with various putative high-risk genotypes, except XRCC6 rs5751129. Moreover, the overall NHEJ repair capacity was similar among carriers of different XRCC4, XRCC5, and XRCC6 genotypes. However, it is worth noting that individuals carrying the variant C allele at XRCC6 rs5751129 exhibited lower precise NHEJ repair capacity compared to those with the wild-type T allele. CONCLUSION Our study identified significant associations between XRCC4 rs3734091, rs28360071, XRCC5 rs828907, and XRCC6 rs5751129 genotypes and childhood ALL. Notably, lower transcriptional expression and reduced precise NHEJ repair capacity were observed in patients carrying the C allele of XRCC6 rs5751129. Further investigations are required to gain deeper insights into childhood ALL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chung Kuo
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Hsing Wang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Chen Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jie-Long He
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - DA-Tian Bau
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Collin V, Biquand É, Tremblay V, Lavoie ÉG, Blondeau A, Gravel A, Galloy M, Lashgari A, Dessapt J, Côté J, Flamand L, Fradet-Turcotte A. The immediate-early protein 1 of human herpesvirus 6B interacts with NBS1 and inhibits ATM signaling. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:725-744. [PMID: 38177923 PMCID: PMC10897193 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infection often trigger an ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM)-dependent DNA damage response in host cells that suppresses viral replication. Viruses evolved different strategies to counteract this antiviral surveillance system. Here, we report that human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) infection causes genomic instability by suppressing ATM signaling in host cells. Expression of immediate-early protein 1 (IE1) phenocopies this phenotype and blocks homology-directed double-strand break repair. Mechanistically, IE1 interacts with NBS1, and inhibits ATM signaling through two distinct domains. HHV-6B seems to efficiently inhibit ATM signaling as further depletion of either NBS1 or ATM do not significantly boost viral replication in infected cells. Interestingly, viral integration of HHV-6B into the host's telomeres is not strictly dependent on NBS1, challenging current models where integration occurs through homology-directed repair. Given that spontaneous IE1 expression has been detected in cells of subjects with inherited chromosomally-integrated form of HHV-6B (iciHHV-6B), a condition associated with several health conditions, our results raise the possibility of a link between genomic instability and the development of iciHHV-6-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Collin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Élise Biquand
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- INSERM, Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Tremblay
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Élise G Lavoie
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Andréanne Blondeau
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Annie Gravel
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maxime Galloy
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Anahita Lashgari
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Julien Dessapt
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Jacques Côté
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Louis Flamand
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Amélie Fradet-Turcotte
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada.
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
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Procario MC, Sexton JZ, Halligan BS, Imperiale MJ. Single-Cell, High-Content Microscopy Analysis of BK Polyomavirus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087323. [PMID: 37154756 PMCID: PMC10269497 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00873-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
By adulthood, the majority of the population is persistently infected with BK polyomavirus (BKPyV). Only a subset of the population, generally transplant recipients on immunosuppressive drugs, will experience disease from BKPyV, but those who do have few treatment options and, frequently, poor outcomes, because to date there are no effective antivirals to treat or approved vaccines to prevent BKPyV. Most studies of BKPyV have been performed on bulk populations of cells, and the dynamics of infection at single-cell resolution have not been explored. As a result, much of our knowledge is based upon the assumption that all cells within a greater population are behaving the same way with respect to infection. The present study examines BKPyV infection on a single-cell level using high-content microscopy to measure and analyze the viral protein large T antigen (TAg), promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), DNA, and nuclear morphological features. We observed significant heterogeneity among infected cells, within and across time points. We found that the levels of TAg within individual cells did not necessarily increase with time and that cells with the same TAg levels varied in other ways. Overall, high-content, single-cell microscopy is a novel approach to studying BKPyV that enables experimental insight into the heterogenous nature of the infection. IMPORTANCE BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a human pathogen that infects nearly everyone by adulthood and persists throughout a person's life. Only people with significant immune suppression develop disease from the virus, however. Until recently the only practical means of studying many viral infections was to infect a group of cells in the laboratory and measure the outcomes in that group. However, interpreting these bulk population experiments requires the assumption that infection influences all cells within a group similarly. This assumption has not held for multiple viruses tested so far. Our study establishes a novel single-cell microscopy assay for BKPyV infection. Using this assay, we discovered differences among individual infected cells that have not been apparent in bulk population studies. The knowledge gained in this study and the potential for future use demonstrate the power of this assay as a tool for understanding the biology of BKPyV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. Procario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Drug Repurposing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Halligan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael J. Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Brahme A. Quantifying Cellular Repair, Misrepair and Apoptosis Induced by Boron Ions, Gamma Rays and PRIMA-1 Using the RHR Formulation. Radiat Res 2022; 198:271-296. [PMID: 35834822 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The recent interaction cross-section-based formulation for radiation-induced direct cellular inactivation, mild and severe sublethal damage, DNA-repair and cell survival have been developed to accurately describe cellular repair, misrepair and apoptosis in TP53 wild-type and mutant cells. The principal idea of this new non-homologous repairable-homologous repairable (RHR) damage formulation is to separately describe the mild damage that can be rapidly handled by the most basic repair processes including the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and more complex damage requiring longer repair times and high-fidelity homologous recombination (HR) repair. Taking the interaction between these two key mammalian DNA repair processes more accurately into account has significantly improved the method as indicated in the original publication. Based on the principal mechanisms of 7 repair and 8 misrepair processes presently derived, it has been possible to quite accurately describe the probability that some of these repair processes when unsuccessful can induce cellular apoptosis with increasing doses of γrays, boron ions and PRIMA-1. Interestingly, for all LETs studied (≈0.3-160 eV/nm) the increase in apoptosis saturates when the cell survival reaches about 10% and the fraction of un-hit cells is well below the 1% level. It is shown that most of the early cell kill for low-to-medium LETs are due to apoptosis since the cell survival as well as the non-apoptotic cells agree very well at low doses and other death processes dominate beyond D > 1 Gy. The low-dose apoptosis is due to the fact that the full activation of the checkpoint kinases ATM and Chk2 requires >8 and >18 DSBs per cell to phosphorylate p53 at serine 15 and 20. Therefore, DNA repair is not fully activated until well after 1/2 Gy, and the cellular response may be apoptotic by default before the low-dose hyper sensitivity (LDHS) is replaced by an increased radiation tolerance as the DNA repair processes get maximal efficiency. In effect, simultaneously explaining the LDHS and inverse dose rate phenomena. The partial contributions by the eight newly derived misrepair processes was determined so they together accurately described the experimental apoptosis induction data for γ rays and boron ions. Through these partial misrepair contributions it was possible to predict the apoptotic response based solely on carefully analyzed cell survival data, demonstrating the usefulness of an accurate DNA repair-based cell survival approach. The peak relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the boron ions was 3.5 at 160 eV/nm whereas the analogous peak relative apoptotic effectiveness (RAE) was 3.4 but at 40 eV/nm indicating the clinical value of the lower LET light ion (15 \le {\rm{LET}} \le 55{\rm{\ eV}}/{\rm{nm}},{\rm{\ }}2 \le Z \le 5) in therapeutic applications to maximize tumor apoptosis and senescence. The new survival expressions were also applied on mouse embryonic fibroblasts with key knocked-out repair genes, showing a good agreement between the principal non-homologous and homologous repair terms and also a reasonable prediction of the associated apoptotic induction. Finally, the formulation was used to estimate the increase in DNA repair and apoptotic response in combination with the mutant p53 reactivating compound PRIMA-1 and γ rays, indicating a 10-2 times increase in apoptosis with 5 μM of the compound reaching apoptosis levels not far from peak apoptosis boron ions in a TP53 mutant cell line. To utilize PRIMA-1 induced apoptosis and cellular sensitization for reactive oxygen species (ROS), concomitant biologically optimized radiation therapy is proposed to maximize the complication free tumor cure for the multitude of TP53 mutant tumors seen in the clinic. The experimental data also indicated the clinically very important high-absorbed dose ROS effect of PRIMA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Brahme
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gabellier L, Bret C, Bossis G, Cartron G, Moreaux J. DNA Repair Expression Profiling to Identify High-Risk Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Define New Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102874. [PMID: 33036275 PMCID: PMC7599826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemias (CN-AML) represent about 50% of total adult AML. Despite the well-known prognosis role of gene mutations such as NPM1 mutations of FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), clinical outcomes remain heterogeneous in this subset of AML. Given the role of genomic instability in leukemogenesis, expression analysis of DNA repair genes might be relevant to sharpen prognosis evaluation in CN-AML. A publicly available gene expression profile dataset from two independent cohorts of patients with CN-AML were analyzed (GSE12417). We investigated the prognostic value of 175 genes involved in DNA repair. Among these genes, 23 were associated with a prognostic value. The prognostic information provided by these genes was summed in a DNA repair score, allowing to define a group of patients (n = 87; 53.7%) with poor median overall survival (OS) of 233 days (95% CI: 184-260). These results were confirmed in two validation cohorts. In multivariate Cox analysis, the DNA repair score, NPM1, and FLT3-ITD mutational status remained independent prognosis factors in CN-AML. Combining these parameters allowed the identification of three risk groups with different clinical outcomes in both training and validation cohorts. Combined with NPM1 and FLT3 mutational status, our GE-based DNA repair score might be used as a biomarker to predict outcomes for patients with CN-AML. DNA repair score has the potential to identify CN-AML patients whose tumor cells are dependent on specific DNA repair pathways to design new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Gabellier
- Département d’Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France; (L.G.); (G.C.)
- UFR de Médecine, University of Montpellier, 34003 Montpellier, France;
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Caroline Bret
- UFR de Médecine, University of Montpellier, 34003 Montpellier, France;
- CHU Montpellier, Department of Biological Hematology, 34395 Montpellier, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d’Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France; (L.G.); (G.C.)
- UFR de Médecine, University of Montpellier, 34003 Montpellier, France;
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- UFR de Médecine, University of Montpellier, 34003 Montpellier, France;
- CHU Montpellier, Department of Biological Hematology, 34395 Montpellier, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Wang M, Wang L, Qian M, Tang X, Liu Z, Lai Y, Ao Y, Huang Y, Meng Y, Shi L, Peng L, Cao X, Wang Z, Qin B, Liu B. PML2-mediated thread-like nuclear bodies mark late senescence in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13147. [PMID: 32351002 PMCID: PMC7294779 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progerin accumulation disrupts nuclear lamina integrity and causes nuclear structure abnormalities, leading to premature aging, that is, Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). The roles of nuclear subcompartments, such as PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs), in HGPS pathogenesis, are unclear. Here, we show that classical dot‐like PML NBs are reorganized into thread‐like structures in HGPS patient fibroblasts and their presence is associated with late stage of senescence. By co‐immunoprecipitation analysis, we show that farnesylated Progerin interacts with human PML2, which accounts for the formation of thread‐like PML NBs. Specifically, human PML2 but not PML1 overexpression in HGPS cells promotes PML thread development and accelerates senescence. Further immunofluorescence microscopy, immuno‐TRAP, and deep sequencing data suggest that these irregular PML NBs might promote senescence by perturbing NB‐associated DNA repair and gene expression in HGPS cells. These data identify irregular structures of PML NBs in senescent HGPS cells and support that the thread‐like PML NBs might be a novel, morphological, and functional biomarker of late senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Minxian Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Ying Ao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Lei Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Linyuan Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Zimei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Carson International Cancer Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Baoming Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI) National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Medical Research Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Carson International Cancer Center Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
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7
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Loe TK, Li JSZ, Zhang Y, Azeroglu B, Boddy MN, Denchi EL. Telomere length heterogeneity in ALT cells is maintained by PML-dependent localization of the BTR complex to telomeres. Genes Dev 2020; 34:650-662. [PMID: 32217664 PMCID: PMC7197349 DOI: 10.1101/gad.333963.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Loe et al. sought to understand ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) and their function in the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway, a telomerase-independent mechanism of telomere extension that some cancer cells that use. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to delete PML and APB components from ALT-positive cells, they found that PML is required for the ALT mechanism, and that this necessity stems from APBs’ role in localizing the BLM–TOP3A–RMI (BTR) complex to ALT telomere ends, suggesting that BTR localization to telomeres is sufficient to sustain ALT activity. Telomeres consist of TTAGGG repeats bound by protein complexes that serve to protect the natural end of linear chromosomes. Most cells maintain telomere repeat lengths by using the enzyme telomerase, although there are some cancer cells that use a telomerase-independent mechanism of telomere extension, termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Cells that use ALT are characterized, in part, by the presence of specialized PML nuclear bodies called ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs). APBs localize to and cluster telomeric ends together with telomeric and DNA damage factors, which led to the proposal that these bodies act as a platform on which ALT can occur. However, the necessity of APBs and their function in the ALT pathway has remained unclear. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to delete PML and APB components from ALT-positive cells to cleanly define the function of APBs in ALT. We found that PML is required for the ALT mechanism, and that this necessity stems from APBs’ role in localizing the BLM–TOP3A–RMI (BTR) complex to ALT telomere ends. Strikingly, recruitment of the BTR complex to telomeres in a PML-independent manner bypasses the need for PML in the ALT pathway, suggesting that BTR localization to telomeres is sufficient to sustain ALT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor K Loe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Julia Su Zhou Li
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Benura Azeroglu
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael Nicholas Boddy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Eros Lazzerini Denchi
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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8
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Attwood KM, Salsman J, Chung D, Mathavarajah S, Van Iderstine C, Dellaire G. PML isoform expression and DNA break location relative to PML nuclear bodies impacts the efficiency of homologous recombination. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 98:314-326. [PMID: 31671275 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs) are nuclear subdomains that respond to genotoxic stress by increasing in number via changes in chromatin structure. However, the role of the PML protein and PML NBs in specific mechanisms of DNA repair has not been fully characterized. Here, we have directly examined the role of PML in homologous recombination (HR) using I-SceI extrachromosomal and chromosome-based homology-directed repair (HDR) assays, and in HDR by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. We determined that PML loss can inhibit HR in an extrachromosomal HDR assay but had less of an effect on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated chromosomal HDR. Overexpression of PML also inhibited both CRISPR HDR and I-SceI-induced HDR using a chromosomal reporter, and in an isoform-specific manner. However, the impact of PML overexpression on the chromosomal HDR reporter was dependent on the intranuclear chromosomal positioning of the reporter. Specifically, HDR at the TAP1 gene locus, which is associated with PML NBs, was reduced compared with a locus not associated with a PML NB; yet, HDR could be reduced at the non-PML NB-associated locus by PML overexpression. Thus, both loss and overexpression of PML isoforms can inhibit HDR, and proximity of a chromosomal break to a PML NB can impact HDR efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Attwood
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dudley Chung
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | | | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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9
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Kannan A, Bhatia K, Branzei D, Gangwani L. Combined deficiency of Senataxin and DNA-PKcs causes DNA damage accumulation and neurodegeneration in spinal muscular atrophy. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8326-8346. [PMID: 30010942 PMCID: PMC6144794 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein cause spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMN is ubiquitously expressed, but the mechanisms underlying predominant neuron degeneration in SMA are poorly understood. We report that chronic low levels of SMN cause Senataxin (SETX)-deficiency, which results in increased RNA–DNA hybrids (R-loops) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and deficiency of DNA-activated protein kinase-catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), which impairs DSB repair. Consequently, DNA damage accumulates in patient cells, SMA mice neurons and patient spinal cord tissues. In dividing cells, DSBs are repaired by homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways, but neurons predominantly use NHEJ, which relies on DNA-PKcs activity. In SMA dividing cells, HR repairs DSBs and supports cellular proliferation. In SMA neurons, DNA-PKcs-deficiency causes defects in NHEJ-mediated repair leading to DNA damage accumulation and neurodegeneration. Restoration of SMN levels rescues SETX and DNA-PKcs deficiencies and DSB accumulation in SMA neurons and patient cells. Moreover, SETX overexpression in SMA neurons reduces R-loops and DNA damage, and rescues neurodegeneration. Our findings identify combined deficiency of SETX and DNA-PKcs stemming downstream of SMN as an underlying cause of DSBs accumulation, genomic instability and neurodegeneration in SMA and suggest SETX as a potential therapeutic target for SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorna Kannan
- Center of Emphasis in Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905
| | - Kanchan Bhatia
- Center of Emphasis in Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905
| | - Dana Branzei
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, IFOM Foundation, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Laxman Gangwani
- Center of Emphasis in Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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10
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Hoischen C, Monajembashi S, Weisshart K, Hemmerich P. Multimodal Light Microscopy Approaches to Reveal Structural and Functional Properties of Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies. Front Oncol 2018; 8:125. [PMID: 29888200 PMCID: PMC5980967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (pml) gene product PML is a tumor suppressor localized mainly in the nucleus of mammalian cells. In the cell nucleus, PML seeds the formation of macromolecular multiprotein complexes, known as PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs). While PML NBs have been implicated in many cellular functions including cell cycle regulation, survival and apoptosis their role as signaling hubs along major genome maintenance pathways emerged more clearly. However, despite extensive research over the past decades, the precise biochemical function of PML in these pathways is still elusive. It remains a big challenge to unify all the different previously suggested cellular functions of PML NBs into one mechanistic model. With the advent of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins it became possible to trace protein function in living specimens. In parallel, a variety of fluorescence fluctuation microscopy (FFM) approaches have been developed which allow precise determination of the biophysical and interaction properties of cellular factors at the single molecule level in living cells. In this report, we summarize the current knowledge on PML nuclear bodies and describe several fluorescence imaging, manipulation, FFM, and super-resolution techniques suitable to analyze PML body assembly and function. These include fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, raster image correlation spectroscopy, ultraviolet laser microbeam-induced DNA damage, erythrocyte-mediated force application, and super-resolution microscopy approaches. Since most if not all of the microscopic equipment to perform these techniques may be available in an institutional or nearby facility, we hope to encourage more researches to exploit sophisticated imaging tools for their research in cancer biology.
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11
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Voisset E, Moravcsik E, Stratford EW, Jaye A, Palgrave CJ, Hills RK, Salomoni P, Kogan SC, Solomon E, Grimwade D. Pml nuclear body disruption cooperates in APL pathogenesis and impairs DNA damage repair pathways in mice. Blood 2018; 131:636-648. [PMID: 29191918 PMCID: PMC5805489 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-794784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is altered nuclear architecture, with disruption of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs) mediated by the PML-retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) oncoprotein. To address whether this phenomenon plays a role in disease pathogenesis, we generated a knock-in mouse model with NB disruption mediated by 2 point mutations (C62A/C65A) in the Pml RING domain. Although no leukemias developed in PmlC62A/C65A mice, these transgenic mice also expressing RARα linked to a dimerization domain (p50-RARα model) exhibited a doubling in the rate of leukemia, with a reduced latency period. Additionally, we found that response to targeted therapy with all-trans retinoic acid in vivo was dependent on NB integrity. PML-RARα is recognized to be insufficient for development of APL, requiring acquisition of cooperating mutations. We therefore investigated whether NB disruption might be mutagenic. Compared with wild-type cells, primary PmlC62A/C65A cells exhibited increased sister-chromatid exchange and chromosome abnormalities. Moreover, functional assays showed impaired homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathways, with defective localization of Brca1 and Rad51 to sites of DNA damage. These data directly demonstrate that Pml NBs are critical for DNA damage responses, and suggest that Pml NB disruption is a central contributor to APL pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- DNA Damage/genetics
- DNA End-Joining Repair/genetics
- DNA Repair/genetics
- Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies/genetics
- Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutagenesis/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Voisset
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Moravcsik
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva W Stratford
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital/Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amie Jaye
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert K Hills
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Scott C Kogan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ellen Solomon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Grimwade
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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PML nuclear body disruption impairs DNA double-strand break sensing and repair in APL. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2308. [PMID: 27468685 PMCID: PMC4973339 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair localize within the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), whose disruption is at the root of the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) pathogenesis. All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment induces PML-RARα degradation, restores PML-NB functions, and causes terminal cell differentiation of APL blasts. However, the precise role of the APL-associated PML-RARα oncoprotein and PML-NB integrity in the DSB response in APL leukemogenesis and tumor suppression is still lacking. Primary leukemia blasts isolated from APL patients showed high phosphorylation levels of H2AX (γ-H2AX), an initial DSBs sensor. By addressing the consequences of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DSB response in primary APL blasts and RA-responsive and -resistant myeloid cell lines carrying endogenous or ectopically expressed PML-RARα, before and after treatment with RA, we found that the disruption of PML-NBs is associated with delayed DSB response, as revealed by the impaired kinetic of disappearance of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci and activation of ATM and of its substrates H2AX, NBN, and CHK2. The disruption of PML-NB integrity by PML-RARα also affects the IR-induced DSB response in a preleukemic mouse model of APL in vivo. We propose the oncoprotein-dependent PML-NB disruption and DDR impairment as relevant early events in APL tumorigenesis.
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13
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Vazquez BN, Thackray JK, Simonet NG, Kane-Goldsmith N, Martinez-Redondo P, Nguyen T, Bunting S, Vaquero A, Tischfield JA, Serrano L. SIRT7 promotes genome integrity and modulates non-homologous end joining DNA repair. EMBO J 2016; 35:1488-503. [PMID: 27225932 PMCID: PMC4884211 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, a family of protein deacetylases, promote cellular homeostasis by mediating communication between cells and environment. The enzymatic activity of the mammalian sirtuin SIRT7 targets acetylated lysine in the N-terminal tail of histone H3 (H3K18Ac), thus modulating chromatin structure and transcriptional competency. SIRT7 deletion is associated with reduced lifespan in mice through unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that SirT7-knockout mice suffer from partial embryonic lethality and a progeroid-like phenotype. Consistently, SIRT7-deficient cells display increased replication stress and impaired DNA repair. SIRT7 is recruited in a PARP1-dependent manner to sites of DNA damage, where it modulates H3K18Ac levels. H3K18Ac in turn affects recruitment of the damage response factor 53BP1 to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), thereby influencing the efficiency of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). These results reveal a direct role for SIRT7 in DSB repair and establish a functional link between SIRT7-mediated H3K18 deacetylation and the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta N Vazquez
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua K Thackray
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nicolas G Simonet
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noriko Kane-Goldsmith
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Paloma Martinez-Redondo
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel Bunting
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jay A Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Lourdes Serrano
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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14
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Shire K, Wong AI, Tatham MH, Anderson OF, Ripsman D, Gulstene S, Moffat J, Hay RT, Frappier L. Identification of RNF168 as a PML nuclear body regulator. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:580-91. [PMID: 26675234 PMCID: PMC4760303 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein forms the basis of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs), which control many important processes. We have screened an shRNA library targeting ubiquitin pathway proteins for effects on PML NBs, and identified RNF8 and RNF168 DNA-damage response proteins as negative regulators of PML NBs. Additional studies confirmed that depletion of either RNF8 or RNF168 increased the levels of PML NBs and proteins, whereas overexpression induced loss of PML NBs. RNF168 partially localized to PML NBs through its UMI/MIU1 ubiquitin-interacting region and associated with NBs formed by any PML isoform. The association of RNF168 with PML NBs resulted in increased ubiquitylation and SUMO2 modification of PML. In addition, RNF168 was found to associate with proteins modified by SUMO2 and/or SUMO3 in a manner dependent on its ubiquitin-binding sequences, suggesting that hybrid SUMO-ubiquitin chains can be bound. In vitro assays confirmed that RNF168, preferentially, binds hybrid SUMO2-K63 ubiquitin chains compared with K63-ubiquitin chains or individual SUMO2. Our study identified previously unrecognized roles for RNF8 and RNF168 in the regulation of PML, and a so far unknown preference of RNF168 for hybrid SUMO-ubiquitin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Shire
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Andrew I Wong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Michael H Tatham
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee
| | - Oliver F Anderson
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee
| | - David Ripsman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Stephanie Gulstene
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee
| | - Lori Frappier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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15
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Münch S, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Klement K, Grigaravicius P, Monajembashi S, Salomoni P, Pandolfi PP, Weißhart K, Hemmerich P. The tumor suppressor PML specifically accumulates at RPA/Rad51-containing DNA damage repair foci but is nonessential for DNA damage-induced fibroblast senescence. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1733-46. [PMID: 24615016 PMCID: PMC4019039 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01345-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PML tumor suppressor has been functionally implicated in DNA damage response and cellular senescence. Direct evidence for such a role based on PML knockdown or knockout approaches is still lacking. We have therefore analyzed the irradiation-induced DNA damage response and cellular senescence in human and mouse fibroblasts lacking PML. Our data show that PML nuclear bodies (NBs) nonrandomly associate with persistent DNA damage foci in unperturbed human skin and in high-dose-irradiated cell culture systems. PML bodies do not associate with transient γH2AX foci after low-dose gamma irradiation. Superresolution microscopy reveals that all PML bodies within a nucleus are engaged at Rad51- and RPA-containing repair foci during ongoing DNA repair. The lack of PML (i) does not majorly affect the DNA damage response, (ii) does not alter the efficiency of senescence induction after DNA damage, and (iii) does not affect the proliferative potential of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts during serial passaging. Thus, while PML NBs specifically accumulate at Rad51/RPA-containing lesions and senescence-derived persistent DNA damage foci, they are not essential for DNA damage-induced and replicative senescence of human and murine fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Münch
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Salomoni
- University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Klaus Weißhart
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, BioSciences Division, Jena, Germany
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16
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Wenger B, Schwegler M, Brunner M, Daniel C, Schmidt M, Fietkau R, Distel LV. PML-nuclear bodies decrease with age and their stress response is impaired in aged individuals. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:42. [PMID: 24694011 PMCID: PMC3992156 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) have been depicted as structures which are involved in processing cell damages and DNA double-strand break repairs. The study was designed to evaluate differences in patients’ PML-NBs response to stress factors like a cancerous disease and ionizing radiation exposure dependent on age. Methods In order to clarify the role of PML-NBs in the aging process, we examined peripheral blood monocytes of 134 cancer patients and 41 healthy individuals between 22 and 92 years of age, both before and after in vitro irradiation. Additionally, we analyzed the samples of the cancer patients after in vivo irradiation. Cells were immunostained and about 1600 cells per individual were analyzed for the presence of PML- and γH2AX foci. Results The number of existing PML-NBs per nucleus declined with age, while the number of γH2AX foci increased with age. There was a non-significant trend that in vivo irradiation increased the number of PML-NBs in cells of young study participants, while in older individuals PML-NBs tended to decrease. It can be assumed that PML-NBs decrease in number during the process of aging. Conclusion The findings suggest that there is a dysfunctional PML-NBs stress response in aged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luitpold V Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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17
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Brown AD, Sager BW, Gorthi A, Tonapi SS, Brown EJ, Bishop AJR. ATR suppresses endogenous DNA damage and allows completion of homologous recombination repair. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91222. [PMID: 24675793 PMCID: PMC3968013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication fork stalling or collapse that arises from endogenous damage poses a serious threat to genome stability, but cells invoke an intricate signaling cascade referred to as the DNA damage response (DDR) to prevent such damage. The gene product ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) responds primarily to replication stress by regulating cell cycle checkpoint control, yet it’s role in DNA repair, particularly homologous recombination (HR), remains unclear. This is of particular interest since HR is one way in which replication restart can occur in the presence of a stalled or collapsed fork. Hypomorphic mutations in human ATR cause the rare autosomal-recessive disease Seckel syndrome, and complete loss of Atr in mice leads to embryonic lethality. We recently adapted the in vivo murine pink-eyed unstable (pun) assay for measuring HR frequency to be able to investigate the role of essential genes on HR using a conditional Cre/loxP system. Our system allows for the unique opportunity to test the effect of ATR loss on HR in somatic cells under physiological conditions. Using this system, we provide evidence that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells lacking ATR have decreased density with abnormal morphology, a decreased frequency of HR and an increased level of chromosomal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Brown
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian W. Sager
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aparna Gorthi
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sonal S. Tonapi
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Brown
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. R. Bishop
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pinder JB, Attwood KM, Dellaire G. Reading, writing, and repair: the role of ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like proteins in DNA damage signaling and repair. Front Genet 2013; 4:45. [PMID: 23554604 PMCID: PMC3612592 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is both a hallmark of cancer and a major contributing factor to tumor development. Central to the maintenance of genome stability is the repair of DNA damage, and the most toxic form of DNA damage is the DNA double-strand break. As a consequence the eukaryotic cell harbors an impressive array of protein machinery to detect and repair DNA breaks through the initiation of a multi-branched, highly coordinated signaling cascade. This signaling cascade, known as the DNA damage response (DDR), functions to integrate DNA repair with a host of cellular processes including cell cycle checkpoint activation, transcriptional regulation, and programmed cell death. In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged in chromatin, which provides a mechanism to regulate DNA transactions including DNA repair through an equally impressive array of post-translational modifications to proteins within chromatin, and the DDR machinery itself. Histones, as the major protein component of chromatin, are subject to a host of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation. More recently, modification of both the histones and DDR machinery by ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like proteins, such as the small ubiquitin-like modifiers, has been shown to play a central role in coordinating the DDR. In this review, we explore how ubiquitination and sumoylation contribute to the “writing” of key post-translational modifications within chromatin that are in turn “read” by the DDR machinery and chromatin-remodeling factors, which act together to facilitate the efficient detection and repair of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Pinder
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada
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Chung YL. Defective DNA damage response and repair in liver cells expressing hepatitis B virus surface antigen. FASEB J 2013; 27:2316-27. [PMID: 23444429 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-226639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is implicated in liver cancer. The aim of this study was to find out whether HBV or its components [HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV core protein (HBc), and HBV X protein (HBx)] could interfere with the host DNA damage response and repair pathway. The full HBV genome or individual HBV open-reading frame (ORF) was introduced into HepG2 cells to examine the effect on host genomic stability, DNA repair efficacy in response to double-strand DNA damage, and DNA damage-induced cell death. Responses to apoptosis induction in the HBV ORF-transfected HepG2 cells were also compared with those in HBV-positive and HBV-negative human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In the absence of HBV replication, accumulation of HBsAg in liver cells without other HBV proteins enhanced DNA repair protein and tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia (PML) degradation, which resulted in resistance to apoptosis induction and deficient double-strand DNA repair. However, HBsAg-positive cells exhibited increased cell death with exposure to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that blocks single-strand DNA repair. These results indicate that suppression of PML by HBsAg disrupts cellular mechanisms that respond to double-strand DNA damage for DNA repair or apoptosis induction, which may facilitate hepatocarcinogenesis and open up a synthetic lethality strategy for HBsAg-positive HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Lin Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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