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Yan J, Shen P, Zheng J, Liu M. Clinical correlation between serum YKL-40 protein level and recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 3:354. [PMID: 26807409 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the clinical correlation between serum YKL-40 protein level and recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). METHODS Totally 76 NMIBC patients (including 34 patients with confirmed recurrence and 42 patients without recurrence during the 2-year post-operative follow-up) and 31 healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Blood samples were collected early in the morning, and serum YKL-40 protein levels of all these patients were analysed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Serum YKL-40 protein levels were significantly higher in NMIBC patients than in healthy controls (P<0.001). Meanwhile, serum YKL-40 protein levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with recurrent NMIBC than those without tumor recurrence (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum YKL-40 protein can be a reliable molecular marker for the clinical diagnosis of NMIBC recurrence. In particular, it can inform the post-operative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Peijun Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Umul M, Altok M, Güneş M, Sahin AF, Divrik RT. Distal ureteral stricture: An unexpected complication of further adjuvant intravesical mitomycin C thermotherapy. Can Urol Assoc J 2014; 8:E453-4. [PMID: 25024806 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of distal ureteral obstruction in relation to further adjuvant intravesical thermochemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We also discuss the diagnostic procedures and management of this recurrent case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Umul
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Muammer Altok
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Güneş
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ali F Sahin
- Şifa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - R Taner Divrik
- Şifa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Izmir, Turkey
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The diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography with multiplanar reformatted imaging and virtual cystoscopy in the early detection and evaluation of bladder carcinoma: comparison with conventional cystoscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 38:184-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00261-012-9902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shang PF, Kwong J, Wang ZP, Tian J, Jiang L, Yang K, Yue ZJ, Tian JQ. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus epirubicin for Ta and T1 bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD006885. [PMID: 21563157 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006885.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer accounts for approximately 4.4% of adult malignancies, and approximately 80% of bladder cancer presents initially as transitional cell carcinoma that is confined to the urothelium (stage Ta) or lamina propria (stage T1). Intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and epirubicin (EPI) has been proven to reduce tumour recurrence and prevent or delay progression to muscle invasion and metastases. However, comparison of the effectiveness and safety of intravesical BCG and EPI in bladder cancer has yet to be explored. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness and safety of BCG with EPI in the treatment of Ta and T1 bladder cancer. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive search of MEDLINE (1966 to April 2010), EMBASE (1980 to April 2010), Health Services Technology, Administration, and Research (HealthSTAR), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CancerLit, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE), was performed, and handsearching of relevant journals was undertaken. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised trials (in which allocation was obtained by alternation - e.g., alternate medical records, date of birth, or other predictable methods) in patients with Ta or T1 bladder cancer that compared intravesical BCG with EPI were included. No language restrictions were applied. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Trial eligibility, methodological quality and data extraction were assessed independently by two reviewers. We compared dichotomous outcomes (frequency of tumour recurrence, progressive disease by stage, mortality, distant metastases, local and systemic adverse effects, treatment delayed or stopped due to adverse effects) using risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS Five trials of 1111 participants were included in this review. For BCG, 549 patients were treated, and 562 with EPI. Of the evaluated patients, 35.5% (195/549) in the BCG group and 51.4% (289/562) in the EPI group had tumour recurrence (P < 0.05). For disease progression (BCG, 44/549; EPI, 58/562) and distant metastases (BCG, 23/487; EPI, 31/495), there were no significant differences (P = 0.19 and P = 0.29, respectively). Only two trials, including 769 patients, had sufficient data for us to analyze disease-specific (BCG, 22/383; EPI, 26/386) and overall mortality (BCG, 125/383; EPI, 147/386). Neither comparison was significant (P = 0.93 and P = 0.12, respectively). In four studies reporting toxicity, BCG was associated with significantly more drug-induced cystitis [BCG, 54.1% (232/429); EPI, 31.7% (140/441)] and haematuria [BCG, 30.8% (132/429); EPI, 16.1% (71/440)]. Similarly, in three studies reporting systemic toxicity, BCG had significantly higher toxicity than the EPI (34.8% (134/385) versus 1.3% (5/393), respectively). In a meta-analysis comparing 'treatment delayed or stopped' (BCG, 40/431; EPI, 33/441), there was no significant difference between BCG and EPI treatments (P = 0.82). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The data from the present meta-analysis indicate that intravesical BCG treatment is more efficacious than EPI in reducing tumour recurrence for Ta and T1 bladder cancer. However, BCG appears to be associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects, such as drug-induced cystitis, haematuria and systemic toxicity, than EPI. The overall quality of the evidence is rather low. Well-designed, high quality randomised controlled trials with good allocation concealment are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Feng Shang
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 82, Cui Ying Men Street, Lanzhou City, Gansu, China, 730030
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Shin DE, Kim CS, Rho J, Moon HY. Effect of Mitomycin-C on Experimentally Induced Urethral Stricture in Rats. Korean J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2009.50.8.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Eun Shin
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chul Sung Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon Rho
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung Yoon Moon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Suleyman E, Yekeler E, Dursun M, Zorba UO, Tunc M, Tunaci A, Acunas B. Bladder tumors: virtual MR cystoscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 31:483-9. [PMID: 16568363 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-005-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Virtual cystoscopy is a promising new technique based on computer-simulated rendering of the inner surface of the urinary bladder using volumetric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data, thus enabling maneuvers that normally are not possible with conventional cystoscopy. Due to several distinct advantages over conventional cystoscopy such as minimal invasiveness, evaluation of the urethral orifice from a cranial point of view and an opportunity to observe diverticula formations and the inner urethral space, gadolinium-enhanced MR cystoscopy has a great potential for competing with conventional cystoscopy under some clinical circumstances. The recent improvement in MR scanners has significantly facilitated virtual cystoscopic evaluation of the urinary bladder lumen by MR imaging. Volumetric data associated with powerful postprocessing procedures allow imaging of the inner urinary bladder surface with excellent detail. In this article, imaging techniques and clinical applications of gadolinium-enhanced virtual MR cystoscopy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Suleyman
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cheng CW, Chan SFP, Chan LW, Chan CK, Ng CF, Cheung HY, Chan SYE, Wong WS, Lai FMM, To KF, Li ML. Twelve-year follow up of a randomized prospective trial comparing bacillus Calmette-Guerin and epirubicin as adjuvant therapy in superficial bladder cancer. Int J Urol 2005; 12:449-55. [PMID: 15948743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2005.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) with epirubicin in adjuvant therapy of superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma, with respect to recurrence, progression and survival. Prognostic factors are also evaluated. METHODS Between October 1991 and September 1999, all patients harboring superficial bladder cancers (Ta or T1) with any of the relevant criteria (stage>a, grade>1, size>1 cm, multiple or recurrent tumors), after complete transurethral resection were randomized to receive either 81 mg Connaught strain BCG or 50 mg epirubicin. Patients with recurrences were eligible to crossover, even repeatedly, until progression. Recurrence, progression and survival were analyzed in relation to initial treatment, patient characteristics and tumor characteristics. RESULTS There were 209 patients included in the study, 149 men and 60 women. The mean age was 69.9 years (range, 24-92). The BCG group consisted of 102 patients and the epirubicin group contained 107 patients. Final analysis was made at a median follow up of 23, 47 and 61 months for recurrence, progression and survival, respectively. The 10-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for recurrence-free, progression-free and disease-specific survival were 61%, 78% and 80%, respectively, for the BCG group. The corresponding figures were 32%, 74% and 92%, respectively, for the epirubicin group. Time to recurrence differed significantly between two treatment groups (P=0.0004). Multiplicity increased the risk of recurrence, while grading influenced recurrence, progression and disease specific survival. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus Calmette-Guerin prolonged time to recurrence when compared with epirubicin. Grading was shown to be a universal prognostic factor for recurrence, progression and disease specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wai Cheng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Lämmle M, Beer A, Settles M, Hannig C, Schwaibold H, Drews C. Reliability of MR imaging-based virtual cystoscopy in the diagnosis of cancer of the urinary bladder. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002; 178:1483-8. [PMID: 12034625 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.178.6.1781483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to evaluate MR imaging-based virtual endoscopy in patients with urinary bladder cancer compared with conventional cystoscopy as the gold standard. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with urinary bladder cancer diagnosed on conventional cystoscopy underwent MR imaging of the pelvis. Patients were examined without external bladder filling or administration of IV contrast medium. No medications were administered. The data obtained by MR imaging were reconstructed for virtual endoscopy on a workstation. The locations and sizes of tumors were individually determined and compared with results of conventional cystoscopy. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were evaluated; one patient's examination was excluded from analysis because of metallic artifacts. Seventeen patients were diagnosed with a single bladder tumor. Five patients had two tumors each, and two patients had three tumors. Tumor diameter ranged from 0.4 to 6.4 cm. Thirty (90.9%) of 33 tumors detected on cystoscopy were visualized with virtual endoscopy. The detection rate for 23 tumors of 1 cm or greater was 100%. Difficult conditions for conventional cystoscopy, including hematuria, anterior wall involvement, and urethral strictures, had no deleterious impact on virtual cystoscopy. Difficulties in detection on virtual endoscopy were associated with flat bladder tumors with minimal surface elevation. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a high reliability in the diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer by MR imaging-based virtual cystoscopy-a noninvasive method, independent of medication or contrast enhancement, that may be of value for screening, primary diagnosis, and surveillance. Virtual MR cystoscopy may be indicated when conventional cystoscopy cannot be performed or is ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lämmle
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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Altay B, Girgin C, Kefi A, Cikili N. The best management of superficial bladder tumours: comparing TUR alone versus TUR combined with intravesical chemotherapy modalities? Int Urol Nephrol 2001; 32:53-8. [PMID: 11057773 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007199932271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To compare retrospectively the recurrence rates of TUR alone versus different intravesical chemotherapy modalities in superficial bladder cancer cases, 187 patients with stage Ta and T1 bladder tumours were treated with transurethral resection followed by adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin, BCG or epirubicin or by transurethral resection alone. All patients in this study had historically proven transurethrally resectable primary, category Ta and T1 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Group I included transurethral resection alone, and the other groups included intravesical mitomycin-C (Group II), BCG (Group III) and epirubicin (Group IV) therapies after transurethral resection. 146 male and 41 female patients (78% male and 22% female patients) in this study were diagnosed as primary TCC bladder tumours. Only 52 of them were stage Ta and 135 of them were stage T1 bladder tumours. Examining the histological grade of the bladder tumours, 88 (47%) of the patients had grade I, 53 (28%) had grade IIa, 30 (16%) had grade IIb and remaining 16 (9%) had grade III bladder cancers. The recurrence rates were 25% for Group I, 23.8% for Group II, 26.2% for Group III and 22.7% for Group IV. These values were given with disregarding the grade and volume of the bladder tumours. For solitary, less than 3 cm low grade tumours (grade I, IIa) recurrence rates were 16% for Group I, 15.4% for Group II, 17.8% for Group III, 17.2% for Group IV (p > 0.05). As a result of this retrospective study, for patients with low grade, stage Ta and T1 tumours TUR alone may be the best treatment modality. Although intravesical chemotherapy is effective in decreasing short-term incidences of tumour recurrence, it has not decreased long-term incidences of tumour recurrence. The high cost and adverse side effects of intravesical chemotherapy should also be taken into consideration in superficial, single, low grade tumours of bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Altay
- Department of Urology, Ege University, Medical Faculty Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
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BRADY JEFFREYD, ASSIMOS DEANG, JORDAN GERALDH. URETHRAL SLOUGH: A RARE AND PREVIOUSLY UNREPORTED COMPLICATION OF INTRAVESICAL MITOMYCIN. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)67167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JEFFREY D. BRADY
- From the Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Devine Center for Genitourinary Reconstruction, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - DEAN G. ASSIMOS
- From the Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Devine Center for Genitourinary Reconstruction, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - GERALD H. JORDAN
- From the Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Devine Center for Genitourinary Reconstruction, Norfolk, Virginia
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URETHRAL SLOUGH: A RARE AND PREVIOUSLY UNREPORTED COMPLICATION OF INTRAVESICAL MITOMYCIN. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200010000-00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Kelloff
- Chemoprevention Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Onrust SV, Wiseman LR, Goa KL. Epirubicin: a review of its intravesical use in superficial bladder cancer. Drugs Aging 1999; 15:307-33. [PMID: 10582777 DOI: 10.2165/00002512-199915040-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The anthracycline epirubicin has been investigated for intravesical use in patients with superficial bladder cancer. In multicentre, randomised trials, prophylaxis with intravesical epirubicin 30 to 80 mg after transurethral resection (TUR) was more effective than no prophylaxis in the prevention of disease recurrence. Intravesical prophylaxis with epirubicin was as effective as that with equivalent dosages of doxorubicin after TUR. Data are conflicting concerning the relative efficacy of intravesical epirubicin and bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in patients at intermediate risk of recurrence after TUR, but epirubicin was less effective than BCG in those at high risk. The efficacy and tolerability of prophylaxis with epirubicin relative to that with mitomycin is not yet established. The efficacy of epirubicin as prophylaxis after TUR in combination with BCG or interferon-alpha-2b, or as treatment in patients with superficial bladder cancer has been evaluated in small, noncomparative trials, but requires clarification. Adverse events associated with intravesical epirubicin were generally mild and transient. The most common adverse events were localised to the bladder (cystitis, haematuria and urinary tract infection). Systemic adverse events (cardiac, haematological or related to hypersensitivity) were not reported in many trials of intravesical epirubicin, and when reported generally occurred in < or =5% of patients who received the drug. Intravesical epirubicin was generally tolerated as well as intravesical doxorubicin and was associated with a lower incidence of mild chemical cystitis in 1 clinical trial. The incidence of adverse events associated with intravesical epirubicin was markedly lower than that associated with intravesical BCG. CONCLUSIONS Intravesical epirubicin has shown efficacy in preventing disease recurrence after TUR of superficial bladder cancer. In comparison with equivalent dosages of doxorubicin, the efficacy of epirubicin for this indication is generally similar, and the tolerability profile may be more favourable. Epirubicin is less effective than BCG as intravesical prophylaxis in patients at high risk of recurrence after TUR; the relative efficacy of epirubicin and BCG after TUR in patients at intermediate risk is not yet clear. Intravesical epirubicin is generally tolerated better than BCG. Intravesical epirubicin may be used as prophylaxis after TUR in patients who are at low or intermediate risk of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Onrust
- Adis International Limited, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Hugosson J, Bergdahl S, Carlsson G, Frösing R, Norlén L, Gustavsson B. Effects of intravesical instillation of 5-fluorouracil and interferon in patients with recurrent superficial urinary bladder carcinoma. A clinical and pharmacodynamic study. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY 1997; 31:343-7. [PMID: 9290163 DOI: 10.3109/00365599709030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Eleven patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumours were treated with 6 weekly instillations of 10 million IU Introna and 1000 mg 5-fluorouracil for 1 h. Before and immediately after the first treatment biopsies were taken from normal urothelium and tumour for analysis of thymidylate synthase (TS). One papillary tumour was left as a marker. Tumour tissue had 9 times higher TS concentrations than normal urothelium (0.97 versus 0.11 pmol/g, p < 0.005). Despite a large variation in TS concentration in the tumours between different patients (range 0.02-2.24 pmol/g), after instillation the TS concentration decreased significantly in all but one patient. Six patients had complete and 2 had partial tumour regression after treatment. The effect was inversely correlated to the initial TS value. A low TS value seemed to predict a good response. The data suggest that weekly administrations are not sufficient in those with high TS concentrations. New treatment schedules may be beneficial in those with highly proliferating bladder tumours.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intravesical
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy
- Carcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Papillary/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/mortality
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Interferons/administration & dosage
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/enzymology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Survival Rate
- Thymidylate Synthase/analysis
- Thymidylate Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thymidylate Synthase/drug effects
- Treatment Outcome
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/enzymology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hugosson
- Department of Urology, Ostra Hospital, University of Göteborg
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Bergeron A, LaRue H, Fradet Y. Biochemical analysis of a bladder-cancer-associated mucin: structural features and epitope characterization. Biochem J 1997; 321 ( Pt 3):889-95. [PMID: 9032480 PMCID: PMC1218149 DOI: 10.1042/bj3210889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), M344, M300 and M75, were shown to define a unique tumour-associated antigen (TAA) of superficial bladder tumours. The antigenic determinants are expressed on a very-high-molecular-mass component and, in about 50% of the positive samples, one determinant is also detected on a 62 kDa molecular species, observed only under reducing conditions. The objectives of the present study were to characterize further this TAA by analysing (1) the biochemical nature of the epitopes recognized by the three mAbs, and (2) the biochemical and structural features of the molecule bearing them. The antigenicity was resistant to heat denaturation, trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin treatments but highly sensitive to papain and Pronase digestion. NaIO4 oxidation decreased reactivity to mAbs M344 and M300 but enhanced reactivity to mAb M75. The three determinants were insensitive to beta-galactosidase and alpha-L-fucosidase but were sensitive to Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. None of the three mAbs reacted with ovine, bovine or porcine submaxillary mucins. Deglycosylation with O-glycosidase or trifluoromethanesulphonic acid completely abolished the reactivity of the mAbs whereas N-glycosidase F deglycosylation had no appreciable effect. The presence on the molecule of cryptic Gal(beta(1-3))GalNAc as a major core disaccharide was demonstrated by a heterologous sandwich assay using mAb M75 and peanut agglutinin. Thiol reduction using beta-mercaptoethanol increased mobility of the high-molecular-mass component in polyacrylamide gels. We thus conclude that mAbs M344 and M300 react with sialylated carbohydrate epitopes, and mAb M75 reacts with a partially cryptic and periodate-resistant sialylated epitope expressed on a typical secreted high-molecular-mass oligomeric mucin which we named MAUB for mucin antigen of the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bergeron
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de recherche de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Canada
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Bergeron A, Champetier S, LaRue H, Fradet Y. MAUB is a new mucin antigen associated with bladder cancer. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:6933-40. [PMID: 8636121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.12.6933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The M344 tumor-associated antigen, expressed in 70% of superficial bladder tumors, is a sialylated carbohydrate present on a high molecular mass thiol-reducible secreted mucin, which we named MAUB for mucin antigen of the urinary bladder. Herein we studied the relationship between MAUB and other known mucins in the MGH-U3 bladder cancer line where MAUB expression is modulated by culture conditions. Northern blots, immunoradiometric assays, and Western blots showed that only MUC1 and MUC2 are expressed in this MAUB-positive cell line. MUC1 differs from MAUB by its molecular mass and its non-oligomeric nature, while MUC2 has similar molecular mass and response to culture conditions. However, in double determinant immunoradiometric assays, MAUB and MUC2 did not cross-react. Moreover, confocal microscopy showed different subcellular localization of the two antigens. Treatment of MGH-U3 cells with MUC2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides resulted in decreased expression of MUC2 and increased expression of MAUB, ruling out the possibility that monoclonal antibody M344 recognizes a different glycosylated form of MUC2. In addition, we identified a tumor specimen expressing MAUB but no MUC2 antigen or mRNA. Together, these results suggest that there is expression of at least three mucins in MGH-U3 cells and that MAUB is a cancer-associated mucin distinct from those identified so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bergeron
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de recherche de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 11 côte du Palais, Québec, Canada G1R 2J6
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Abstract
The human interleukin 2 (huIL-2) gene was introduced into Mycobacterium bovis BCG by using the integrative vector pMV306. To express and secrete huIL-2 from BCG, two different plasmids, CI and CII, were made. In CI, the huIL-2-encoding region was under the control of the alpha-antigen promoter of BCG; in CII, the expression of huIL-2 was regulated by the heat shock protein 60 promoter. A signal peptide sequence isolated from the naturally secreted alpha-antigen of BCG was inserted between the promoter and huIL-2-encoding region to facilitate secretion. Both huIL-2 expression plasmids were integrated into the BCG genome when introduced into the BCG Pasteur strain by electroporation. Approximately 150 U of huIL-2 was secreted into the medium of a BCG-CII culture, while the BCG-CI cells secreted approximately one-sixth of that amount. When the IL-2-expressing BCG strain BCG-CII was injected intravenously into BALB/c mice, the number of BCG cells in the spleens of these mice was significantly less than the number in the control mice. The decreased number of IL-2-expressing BCG cells is likely due to the augmentation of the host immune response by the secreted huIL-2, although the exact mechanism is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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