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Bassan Marinho Maciel G, Marinho Maciel R, Linhares Ferrazzo K, Cademartori Danesi C. Etiopathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a review. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:353-364. [PMID: 38302741 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study compiles the main hypotheses involved in the etiopathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). A narrative review of the literature was performed. The etiopathogenesis of MRONJ is multifactorial and not fully understood. The main hypothesis considers the disturbance of bone turnover caused by anti-resorptive drugs. Bisphosphonates and denosumab inhibit osteoclast activity through different action mechanisms, accumulating bone microfracture. Other hypotheses also consider oral infection and inflammation, the antiangiogenic effect and soft tissue toxicity of bisphosphonates, and the inhibition of lymphangiogenesis. Knowledge of the current theories for MRONJ is necessary to define future studies and protocols to minimize the incidence of this severe condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bassan Marinho Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Marinho Maciel
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Kívia Linhares Ferrazzo
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cademartori Danesi
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil
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2
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Zhang H, Liesveld JL, Calvi LM, Lipe BC, Xing L, Becker MW, Schwarz EM, Yeh SCA. The roles of bone remodeling in normal hematopoiesis and age-related hematological malignancies. Bone Res 2023; 11:15. [PMID: 36918531 PMCID: PMC10014945 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research establishing that bone interacts in coordination with the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) to regulate hematopoietic homeostasis was largely based on analyses of individual bone-associated cell populations. Recent advances in intravital imaging has suggested that the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and acute myeloid leukemia cells is restricted to bone marrow microdomains during a distinct stage of bone remodeling. These findings indicate that dynamic bone remodeling likely imposes additional heterogeneity within the BMME to yield differential clonal responses. A holistic understanding of the role of bone remodeling in regulating the stem cell niche and how these interactions are altered in age-related hematological malignancies will be critical to the development of novel interventions. To advance this understanding, herein, we provide a synopsis of the cellular and molecular constituents that participate in bone turnover and their known connections to the hematopoietic compartment. Specifically, we elaborate on the coupling between bone remodeling and the BMME in homeostasis and age-related hematological malignancies and after treatment with bone-targeting approaches. We then discuss unresolved questions and ambiguities that remain in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Zhang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Calvi
- Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology/Metabolism, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brea C Lipe
- Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael W Becker
- Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology/Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shu-Chi A Yeh
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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3
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Scala R, Maqoud F, Antonacci M, Dibenedetto JR, Perrone MG, Scilimati A, Castillo K, Latorre R, Conte D, Bendahhou S, Tricarico D. Bisphosphonates Targeting Ion Channels and Musculoskeletal Effects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837534. [PMID: 35370739 PMCID: PMC8965324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most used bone-specific anti-resorptive agents, often chosen as first-line therapy in several bone diseases characterized by an imbalance between osteoblast-mediated bone production and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. BPs target the farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) in osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption. Lately, there has been an increasing interest in BPs direct pro-survival/pro-mineralizing properties in osteoblasts and their pain-relieving effects. Even so, molecular targets involved in these effects appear now largely elusive. Ion channels are emerging players in bone homeostasis. Nevertheless, the effects of BPs on these proteins have been poorly described. Here we reviewed the actions of BPs on ion channels in musculoskeletal cells. In particular, the TRPV1 channel is essential for osteoblastogenesis. Since it is involved in bone pain sensation, TRPV1 is a possible alternative target of BPs. Ion channels are emerging targets and anti-target for bisphosphonates. Zoledronic acid can be the first selective musculoskeletal and vascular KATP channel blocker targeting with high affinity the inward rectifier channels Kir6.1-SUR2B and Kir6.2-SUR2A. The action of this drug against the overactive mutants of KCNJ9-ABCC9 genes observed in the Cantu’ Syndrome (CS) may improve the appropriate prescription in those CS patients affected by musculoskeletal disorders such as bone fracture and bone frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Scala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marina Antonacci
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Karen Castillo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramón Latorre
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Diana Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Saïd Bendahhou
- UMR7370 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), Labex ICST, Nice, France
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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4
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Multisystemic Manifestations in Rare Diseases: The Experience of Dyskeratosis Congenita. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030496. [PMID: 35328050 PMCID: PMC8953471 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenital (DC) is the first genetic syndrome described among telomeropathies. Its classical phenotype is characterized by the mucocutaneous triad of reticulated pigmentation of skin lace, nail dystrophy and oral leukoplakia. The clinical presentation, however, is heterogeneous and serious clinical complications include bone marrow failure, hematological and solid tumors. It may also involve immunodeficiencies, dental, pulmonary and liver disorders, and other minor complication. Dyskeratosis congenita shows marked genetic heterogeneity, as at least 14 genes are responsible for the shortening of telomeres characteristic of this disease. This review discusses clinical characteristics, molecular genetics, disease evolution, available therapeutic options and differential diagnosis of dyskeratosis congenita to provide an interdisciplinary and personalized medical assessment that includes family genetic counseling.
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5
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Belaya Z, Golounina O, Nikitin A, Tarbaeva N, Pigarova E, Mamedova E, Vorontsova M, Shafieva I, Demina I, Van Hul W. Multiple bilateral hip fractures in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita caused by a novel mutation in the PARN gene. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1227-1231. [PMID: 33244623 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a young male patient with clinical signs of dyskeratosis congenita who presented with multiple bilateral low-traumatic hip fractures. Whole exome sequencing (WES) showed a previously unreported mutation in the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) gene. Zoledronic acid 5 mg over 3 years was effective at preventing further fractures. A male patient was referred to our clinic at age 24 due to multiple bilateral hip fractures. At the time of admission, the patient's height was 160 cm and weight 40 kg; bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine was normal (L1-L4 0.0 Z-score). The patient was found to have abnormal skin pigmentation, hyperkeratosis of palms and soles, nail dystrophy, and signs of bone marrow failure (BMF). Bone fragility first presented at 5 years old with a wrist fracture, followed by multiple bilateral low-traumatic hip fractures without falls from 14 to 24 years. WES showed a previously unreported mutation (NM_002582.3: c.1652delA; p.His551fs) in the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) gene. Flow fish telomere measurement result was 5.9 (reference range 8.0-12.6), which is consistent with the DC diagnosis. Permanent fixation with internal metal rods and zoledronic acid 5 mg over 3 years was effective at preventing further fractures over 4 years of follow-up. Additionally, BMF did not progress over 4 years of observation. DC associated with PARN gene mutations might predispose to low-traumatic multiple hip fractures in adolescents and young adults. Treatment with zoledronic acid in this case was effective and safe at preventing further fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Belaya
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
| | - O Golounina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Nikitin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Tarbaeva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Pigarova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Mamedova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - I Shafieva
- Department of Endocrinology and Osteoporosis, Clinics of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Russia
| | - I Demina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - W Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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6
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George CN, Canuas-Landero V, Theodoulou E, Muthana M, Wilson C, Ottewell P. Oestrogen and zoledronic acid driven changes to the bone and immune environments: Potential mechanisms underlying the differential anti-tumour effects of zoledronic acid in pre- and post-menopausal conditions. J Bone Oncol 2020; 25:100317. [PMID: 32995253 PMCID: PMC7516134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Late stage breast cancer commonly metastasises to bone and patient survival averages 2-3 years following diagnosis of bone involvement. One of the most successful treatments for bone metastases is the bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZOL). ZOL has been used in the advanced setting for many years where it has been shown to reduce skeletal complications associated with bone metastasis. More recently, several large adjuvant clinical trials have demonstrated that administration of ZOL can prevent recurrence and improve survival when given in early breast cancer. However, these promising effects were only observed in post-menopausal women with confirmed low concentrations of circulating ovarian hormones. In this review we focus on potential interactions between the ovarian hormone, oestrogen, and ZOL to establish credible hypotheses that could explain why anti-tumour effects are specific to post-menopausal women. Specifically, we discuss the molecular and immune cell driven mechanisms by which ZOL and oestrogen affect the tumour microenvironment to inhibit/induce tumour growth and how oestrogen can interact with zoledronic acid to inhibit its anti-tumour actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N. George
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Canuas-Landero
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Elizavet Theodoulou
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Munitta Muthana
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Wilson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
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7
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Chiarella E, Codispoti B, Aloisio A, Cosentino EG, Scicchitano S, Montalcini Y, Lico D, Morrone G, Mesuraca M, Bond HM. Zoledronic acid inhibits the growth of leukemic MLL-AF9 transformed hematopoietic cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04020. [PMID: 32529062 PMCID: PMC7283156 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A leukemic in vitro model produced by transducing Cord Blood derived-hematopoietic CD34+ cells with the MLL-AF9 translocation resulting in the oncogenic fusion protein, is used to assess for sensitivity to Zoledronic acid. These cells are practically immortalized and are of myeloid origin. Proliferation, clonogenic and stromal co-culture assays showed that the MLL-AF9 cells were considerably more sensitive to Zoledronic acid than normal hematopoietic CD34+ cells or MS-5 stromal cells. The MLL-AF9 cells were notably more inhibited by Zoledronic acid when cultured as colonies in 3 dimensions, requiring cell-cell contacts compared to suspension expansion cultures. This is coherent with the mechanism of action of Zoledronic acid inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate synthase which results in a block in prenylation of GTPases such that their role in the membrane is compromised for cell-cell contacts. Zoledronic acid can be proposed to target the MLL-AF9 leukemic stem cells before they emerge from the hematopoietic niche, which being in proximity to bone osteoclasts where Zoledronic acid is sequestered can be predicted to result in sufficient levels to result in an anti-leukemic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruna Codispoti
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,Tecnologica Research Institute-Marrelli Health, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela G Cosentino
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,Exiris S.r.l., 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Lico
- Department of Obstetrics & Ginecology, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Heather M Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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8
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Kim JM, Lee WS, Kim J. Therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis based on bone-vascular axis hypothesis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 206:107436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Hughes R, Chen X, Hunter KD, Hobbs JK, Holen I, Brown NJ. Bone marrow osteoprogenitors are depleted whereas osteoblasts are expanded independent of the osteogenic vasculature in response to zoledronic acid. FASEB J 2019; 33:12768-12779. [PMID: 31490705 PMCID: PMC6902700 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900553rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is an antiresorptive drug used to prevent bone loss in a variety of conditions, acting mainly through suppression of osteoclast activity. There is growing evidence that ZOL can also affect cells of the mesenchymal lineage in bone. We present novel data revealing significant changes in the abundance of perivascular mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)/osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts following the injection of ZOL, in vivo. In young mice with high bone turnover and an abundance of perivascular osteoprogenitors, ZOL significantly (P < 0.0001) increased new bone formation. This was accompanied by a decline in osterix-positive osteoprogenitors and a corresponding increase in osteoblasts. However, these effects were not observed in mature mice with low bone turnover. Interestingly, the ZOL-induced changes in cells of the mesenchymal lineage occurred independently of effects on the osteogenic vasculature. Thus, we demonstrate that a single, clinically relevant dose of ZOL can induce new bone formation in microenvironments enriched for perivascular MSC/osteoprogenitors and high osteogenic potential. This arises from the differentiation of perivascular osterix-positive MSC/osteoprogenitors into osteoblasts at sites that are innately osteogenic. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ZOL affects multiple cell types in bone and has differential effects depending on the level of bone turnover.-Hughes, R., Chen, X., Hunter, K. D., Hobbs, J. K., Holen, I., Brown, N. J. Bone marrow osteoprogenitors are depleted whereas osteoblasts are expanded independent of the osteogenic vasculature in response to zoledronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Hughes
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie K. Hobbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Brown
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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10
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Physiological concentrations of denosumab enhance osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells of the jaw bone. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed recent literature on oxygen sensing in osteogenic cells and its contribution to development of a skeletal phenotype, the coupling of osteogenesis with angiogenesis and integration of hypoxia into canonical Wnt signaling, and opportunities to manipulate oxygen sensing to promote skeletal repair. RECENT FINDINGS Oxygen sensing in osteocytes can confer a high bone mass phenotype in murine models; common and unique targets of HIF-1α and HIF-2α and lineage-specific deletion of oxygen sensing machinery suggest differentia utilization and requirement of HIF-α proteins in the differentiation from mesenchymal stem cell to osteoblast to osteocyte; oxygen-dependent but HIF-α-independent signaling may contribute to observed skeletal phenotypes. Manipulating oxygen sensing machinery in osteogenic cells influences skeletal phenotype through angiogenesis-dependent and angiogenesis-independent pathways and involves HIF-1α, HIF-2α, or both proteins. Clinically, an FDA-approved iron chelator promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis, thereby enhancing the rate of fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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12
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Bernasconi P, Borsani O. Endosteal vessel integrity: a new therapeutic goal in acute myeloid leukemia? Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:36. [PMID: 30498747 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernasconi
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Oscar Borsani
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Li P, Zhao Z, Wang L, Jin X, Shen Y, Nan C, Liu H. Minimally effective concentration of zoledronic acid to suppress osteoclasts in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5330-5336. [PMID: 29904413 PMCID: PMC5996712 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid is regarded as the most potent bisphosphonate and is widely used in patients with osteoporosis; however, its side effects, including acute-phase reactions, gastrointestinal complaints, renal dysfunction and bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis impair the safety and quality of life of patients. The present study was designed to determine the minimal effective concentration of zoledronic acid through testing the dose-dependent effects of zoledronic acid on osteoclast suppression. A primary culture of bone marrow mononuclear cells obtained from C57 mice (age, 6 weeks) was established and induced to form osteoclasts. The number of multinuclear cells was determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and compared among cultured marrow cells treated with different concentrations of zoledronic acid. Furthermore, the cellular properties, including adhesion, migration and bone resorption, were compared at the minimal effective concentration. At a concentration of 1×10−6 mol/l, zoledronic acid significantly inhibited the formation of osteoclasts. This inhibitory effect was further enhanced at the concentration of 1×10−5 mol/l. However, the inhibitory effect of zoledronic acid tapered at the concentration of 1×10−4 mol/l and there was no further dose-dependent increase. In addition, the concentration of 1×10−6 mol/l was sufficient to alter cellular functions, including cell adhesion, migration and bone resorption. In conclusion, zoledronic acid was effective in reducing osteoclast formation and suppressing cellular functions. The minimal effective concentration of zoledronic acid in vitro was 1 µmol/l. Based on these results, a comparable dosage should be explored in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China.,Department of Bone Disease, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, P.R. China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Litao Wang
- Department of Bone Disease, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Jin
- Department of Bone Disease, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Shen
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Chengrui Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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14
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Park JB, Cho SH, Kim I, Lee W, Kang SH, Kim H. Evaluation of the bisphosphonate effect on stem cells derived from jaw bone and long bone rabbit models: A pilot study. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 85:178-182. [PMID: 29101872 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bisphosphonates have been widely used and the number of patients experiencing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has been increasing. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of zoledronate on stem cells derived from different tissues. DESIGN Stem cells derived from four different tissues were compared using rabbit models (JPO: periosteum from the jaw bone (mandible), JBM: bone marrow from the jaw bone, LPO: periosteum from long bone (tibia), and LBM: bone marrow from long bone). Stem cells were grown in the presence of zoledronate at final concentrations ranging from 10-6M to 10-10M. Morphology was viewed under an inverted microscope, and the analysis of cell proliferation was performed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) on days 1, 2, 4, and 7. RESULTS The CCK-8 results for LBM showed that the increase of CCK-8 values was correlated with a longer incubation time. Compared to the untreated control, growth in the presence of zoledronate at 10-10M and 10-8M resulted in decreased CCK-8 values for LBM on day 7 (P<0.05). The CCK-8 results for JBM, LPO, and JPO on days 1, 2, 4, and 7 showed that the presence of zoledronate did not produce statistically significant changes compared with the untreated control. CONCLUSION Zoledronate in the tested concentrations from JBM, LPO, and JPO did not produce noticeable alterations in the viability of mesenchymal stem cells. This in vitro experiment suggests that the occurrence of MRONJ solely in the oral cavity is not due to differences in the cellular proliferation of stem cells in the response to zoledronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - InSoo Kim
- Department of Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesung Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Foreign Language Studies, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Koh AJ, Sinder BP, Entezami P, Nilsson L, McCauley LK. The skeletal impact of the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2321-2333. [PMID: 28429052 PMCID: PMC5527337 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide on the skeleton were determined in mice. Numbers of bone marrow cells were reduced and myeloid cells were increased. Bone volume was significantly decreased with signs of inhibition of bone formation. Etoposide after pre-treatment with zoledronic acid still reduced bone but overall bone volume was higher than with etoposide alone. INTRODUCTION Chemotherapeutics target rapidly dividing tumor cells yet also impact hematopoietic and immune cells in an off target manner. A wide array of therapies have negative side effects on the skeleton rendering patients osteopenic and prone to fracture. This study focused on the pro-apoptotic chemotherapeutic agent etoposide and its short- and long-term treatment effects in the bone marrow and skeleton. METHODS Six- to 16-week-old mice were treated with etoposide (20-25 mg/kg) or vehicle control in short-term (daily for 5-9 days) or long-term (3×/week for 17 days or 6 weeks) regimens. Bone marrow cell populations and their phagocytic/efferocytic functions were analyzed by flow cytometry. Blood cell populations were assessed by CBC analysis. Bone volume and area compartments and osteoclast numbers were measured by microCT, histomorphometry, and TRAP staining. Biomarkers of bone formation (P1NP) and resorption (TRAcP5b) were assayed from serum. Gene expression in bone marrow was assessed using qPCR. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis of the bone marrow revealed short-term etoposide reduced overall cell numbers and B220+ cells, with increased marrow apoptotic (AnnexinV+PI-) cells, mesenchymal stem-like cells, and CD68+, CD45+, and CD11b+ monocyte/myeloid cells (as a percent of the total marrow). After 6 weeks, the CD68+, Gr1+, CD11b+, and CD45+ cell populations were still relatively increased in etoposide-treated bone marrow. Skeletal phenotyping revealed etoposide decreased bone volume, trabecular thickness, and cortical bone volume. Gene expression in the marrow for the leptin receptor and CXCL12 were reduced with short-term etoposide, and an increased ratio of RANKL/OPG mRNA was observed. In whole bone, Runx2 and osteocalcin gene expressions were reduced, and in serum, P1NP was significantly reduced with etoposide. Treatment with the antiresorptive agent zoledronic acid prior to etoposide increased bone volume and improved the etoposide-induced decrease in skeletal parameters. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that etoposide induces apoptosis in the bone marrow and significantly reduces parameters of bone formation with rapid reduction in bone volume. Pre-treatment with an antiresorptive agent results in a preservation of bone mass. Preventive approaches to preserving the skeleton should be considered in human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Koh
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - B P Sinder
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - P Entezami
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - L Nilsson
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - L K McCauley
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.
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16
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Ubellacker JM, Haider MT, DeCristo MJ, Allocca G, Brown NJ, Silver DP, Holen I, McAllister SS. Zoledronic acid alters hematopoiesis and generates breast tumor-suppressive bone marrow cells. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:23. [PMID: 28264701 PMCID: PMC5339994 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bone-targeting agent zoledronic acid (ZOL) increases breast cancer survival in subsets of patients, but the underlying reasons for this protective effect are unknown. ZOL modulates the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which form hematopoietic stem cell niches, and therefore may affect hematopoietic cells that play a role in breast cancer progression. METHOD Immunocompetent and immunocompromised strains of mice commonly used for breast cancer research were injected with a single, clinically relevant dose of ZOL (100 μg/kg) or vehicle control. The effects of ZOL on the bone marrow microenvironment (bone volume, bone cell number/activity, extracellular matrix composition) were established at various time points following treatment, using micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis, histomorphometry, ELISA and immunofluorescence. The effects on peripheral blood and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor populations were assessed using a HEMAVET® hematology analyzer and multicolor flow cytometry, respectively. Tumor support function of bone marrow cells was determined using an in vivo functional assay developed in our laboratory. RESULTS Using multiple mouse strains, we observed transient changes in numbers of hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid-biased progenitor cells, and lymphoid-biased cells concurrent with changes to hematopoietic stem cell niches following ZOL administration. Importantly, bone marrow cells from mice treated with a single, clinically relevant dose of ZOL inhibited breast tumor outgrowth in vivo. The ZOL-induced tumor suppressive function of the bone marrow persisted beyond the time point at which numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells had returned to baseline. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel evidence that alterations to the bone marrow play a role in the anti-tumor activity of ZOL and suggest possibilities for capitalizing on the beneficial effects of ZOL in reducing breast cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn M. Ubellacker
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | | | - Molly J. DeCristo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Gloria Allocca
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nicola J. Brown
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel P. Silver
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sandra S. McAllister
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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17
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Borke JL, McAllister B, Harris T, Neiberg M, Guevarra-Toth C, Fulzele S, Stoianovici C, Guerra C. Correlation of changes in the mandible and retina/choroid vasculature of a rat model of BRONJ. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1144-50. [PMID: 26154398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) causes bones of the mandible and maxilla to become necrotic and protrude into the oral cavity. Compromised blood supply to bone is also a feature of BRONJ. The design of this study was first to use our established technique of molar extraction and IV bisphosphonate injection to produce features of BRONJ in rats that mimic the human disease; second to confirm vascular changes in the mandible and eye using micro-CT of vascular casts, and image analysis of retina/choroid images; and third to show parallel bisphosphonate-induced changes in the structure and markers of the vasculature of the bone and eye. The results of this study show structural changes in the eye and mandible as well as biochemical changes including the up-regulation of VEGF in response to the bisphosphonate-associated ischemia. These changes are not associated with angiogenesis in either the eye or mandible as determined by reduced vascular complexity. These results suggest that observations of direct changes to the vasculature in the retina/choroid structures of the eye in patients taking bisphosphonates could serve as a window to the progression of debilitating changes occurring as a result of bisphosphonate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Borke
- College of Dental Medicine (Dean: Steven Friedrichsen, DDS), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
| | - Bennett McAllister
- College of Optometry (Dean: Elizabeth Hoppe, OD, MPH, DrPH), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Tiffenie Harris
- College of Optometry (Dean: Elizabeth Hoppe, OD, MPH, DrPH), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Maryke Neiberg
- College of Optometry (Dean: Elizabeth Hoppe, OD, MPH, DrPH), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Chestine Guevarra-Toth
- US Army Advanced Education Program in Periodontics (Director: COL Frederick Bisch, DMD), Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery (Chair: Monte Hunter, MD), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Charles Stoianovici
- College of Dental Medicine (Dean: Steven Friedrichsen, DDS), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Carlos Guerra
- College of Dental Medicine (Dean: Steven Friedrichsen, DDS), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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18
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Lafage-Proust MH, Roche B, Langer M, Cleret D, Vanden Bossche A, Olivier T, Vico L. Assessment of bone vascularization and its role in bone remodeling. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:662. [PMID: 25861447 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a composite organ that fulfils several interconnected functions, which may conflict with each other in pathological conditions. Bone vascularization is at the interface between these functions. The roles of bone vascularization are better documented in bone development, growth and modeling than in bone remodeling. However, every bone remodeling unit is associated with a capillary in both cortical and trabecular envelopes. Here we summarize the most recent data on vessel involvement in bone remodeling, and we present the characteristics of bone vascularization. Finally, we describe the various techniques used for bone vessel imaging and quantitative assessment, including histology, immunohistochemistry, microtomography and intravital microscopy. Studying the role of vascularization in adult bone should provide benefits for the understanding and treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Roche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Max Langer
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044 , Lyon, France
| | - Damien Cleret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Vanden Bossche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Olivier
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; Laboratoire Hubert Curien , Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
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19
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Khan AA, Morrison A, Hanley DA, Felsenberg D, McCauley LK, O'Ryan F, Reid IR, Ruggiero SL, Taguchi A, Tetradis S, Watts NB, Brandi ML, Peters E, Guise T, Eastell R, Cheung AM, Morin SN, Masri B, Cooper C, Morgan SL, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Langdahl BL, Al Dabagh R, Davison KS, Kendler DL, Sándor GK, Josse RG, Bhandari M, El Rabbany M, Pierroz DD, Sulimani R, Saunders DP, Brown JP, Compston J. Diagnosis and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review and international consensus. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:3-23. [PMID: 25414052 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 822] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work provides a systematic review of the literature from January 2003 to April 2014 pertaining to the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), and offers recommendations for its management based on multidisciplinary international consensus. ONJ is associated with oncology-dose parenteral antiresorptive therapy of bisphosphonates (BP) and denosumab (Dmab). The incidence of ONJ is greatest in the oncology patient population (1% to 15%), where high doses of these medications are used at frequent intervals. In the osteoporosis patient population, the incidence of ONJ is estimated at 0.001% to 0.01%, marginally higher than the incidence in the general population (<0.001%). New insights into the pathophysiology of ONJ include antiresorptive effects of BPs and Dmab, effects of BPs on gamma delta T-cells and on monocyte and macrophage function, as well as the role of local bacterial infection, inflammation, and necrosis. Advances in imaging include the use of cone beam computerized tomography assessing cortical and cancellous architecture with lower radiation exposure, magnetic resonance imaging, bone scanning, and positron emission tomography, although plain films often suffice. Other risk factors for ONJ include glucocorticoid use, maxillary or mandibular bone surgery, poor oral hygiene, chronic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, ill-fitting dentures, as well as other drugs, including antiangiogenic agents. Prevention strategies for ONJ include elimination or stabilization of oral disease prior to initiation of antiresorptive agents, as well as maintenance of good oral hygiene. In those patients at high risk for the development of ONJ, including cancer patients receiving high-dose BP or Dmab therapy, consideration should be given to withholding antiresorptive therapy following extensive oral surgery until the surgical site heals with mature mucosal coverage. Management of ONJ is based on the stage of the disease, size of the lesions, and the presence of contributing drug therapy and comorbidity. Conservative therapy includes topical antibiotic oral rinses and systemic antibiotic therapy. Localized surgical debridement is indicated in advanced nonresponsive disease and has been successful. Early data have suggested enhanced osseous wound healing with teriparatide in those without contraindications for its use. Experimental therapy includes bone marrow stem cell intralesional transplantation, low-level laser therapy, local platelet-derived growth factor application, hyperbaric oxygen, and tissue grafting.
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20
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Bulycheva E, Rauner M, Medyouf H, Theurl I, Bornhäuser M, Hofbauer LC, Platzbecker U. Myelodysplasia is in the niche: novel concepts and emerging therapies. Leukemia 2014; 29:259-68. [PMID: 25394715 PMCID: PMC4320287 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) represent clonal disorders mainly of the elderly that are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and an increased risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia. The pathogenesis of MDS is thought to evolve from accumulation and selection of specific genetic or epigenetic events. Emerging evidence indicates that MDS is not solely a hematopoietic disease but rather affects the entire bone marrow microenvironment, including bone metabolism. Many of these cells, in particular mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) and osteoblasts, express a number of adhesion molecules and secreted factors that regulate blood regeneration throughout life by contributing to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance, self-renewal and differentiation. Several endocrine factors, such as erythropoietin, parathyroid hormone and estrogens, as well as deranged iron metabolism modulate these processes. Thus, interactions between MSPC and HSPC contribute to the pathogenesis of MDS and associated pathologies. A detailed understanding of these mechanisms may help to define novel targets for diagnosis and possibly therapy. In this review, we will discuss the scientific rationale of ‘osteohematology' as an emerging research field in MDS and outline clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bulycheva
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Rauner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - H Medyouf
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institut for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - I Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Bornhäuser
- 1] Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany [2] Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - L C Hofbauer
- 1] Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany [2] Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Platzbecker
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
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21
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Roche B, Vanden-Bossche A, Malaval L, Normand M, Jannot M, Chaux R, Vico L, Lafage-Proust MH. Parathyroid hormone 1-84 targets bone vascular structure and perfusion in mice: impacts of its administration regimen and of ovariectomy. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1608-18. [PMID: 24496950 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone vessel functions during bone remodeling are poorly understood. They depend on both vessel network structure and vasomotor regulation. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a systemic vasodilator that may modulate microvascularization. Moreover, although intermittent PTH is anti-osteoporotic, continuous PTH administration can be catabolic for bone. Finally, ovariectomy (OVX) reduces bone perfusion and vessel density in mice. We reasoned that the effects of PTH on bone vascularization might depend on its administration regimen and be impacted by ovariectomy. A 100-µg/kg PTH 1-84 daily dose was administered for 15 days to 4-month-old female C57BL/6 mice, either as daily sc injection (iPTH) or continuously (cPTH; ALZET minipump). Blood pressure (BP) and tibia bone perfusion were measured in vivo with a laser Doppler device. Histomorphometry of bone and barium-contrasted vascular network were performed on the same tibia. Compared with untreated controls, both iPTH and cPTH increased bone formation but had opposite effects on resorption. Both iPTH and cPTH were slightly angiogenic. Intermittent PTH increased microvessel size (+48%, p < 0.001), whereas cPTH decreased it (-29%, p = 0.009). iPTH increased bone perfusion (27%, p < 0.001) with no change in BP, whereas cPTH did not. The vascular effects of a 15-day iPTH treatment were analyzed in OVX mice and compared with sham-operated and OVX untreated controls. Two other anti-osteoporotic drugs, zoledronate (one injection, 70 µg/kg) and propranolol, (5 mg/kg/d) were tested in OVX mice. Although no change in bone mass was observed, iPTH stimulated bone formation and prevented the OVX-induced reduction in bone perfusion and vessel density. Both zoledronate and propranolol strongly lowered bone turnover, but surprisingly, zoledronate prevented OVX-induced reduction in bone perfusion but propranolol did not. Our integrative approach thus demonstrates that the effects of PTH on bone vessel structure and function depend on its mode of administration as well as on the HPG-axis hormonal status, and that OVX-induced vascular changes are prevented by iPTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Roche
- INSERM U1059, Lab Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
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22
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Yu EW, Kumbhani R, Siwila-Sackman E, DeLelys M, Preffer FI, Leder BZ, Wu JY. Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) treatment increases peripheral hematopoietic stem cells in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1380-6. [PMID: 24420643 PMCID: PMC4564394 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the osteoblast lineage play an important role in regulating the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche and early B-cell development in animal models, perhaps via parathyroid hormone (PTH)-dependent mechanisms. There are few human clinical studies investigating this phenomenon. We studied the impact of long-term daily teriparatide (PTH 1-34) treatment on cells of the hematopoietic lineage in postmenopausal women. Twenty-three postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture received teriparatide 20 mcg sc daily for 24 months as part of a prospective longitudinal trial. Whole blood measurements were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Flow cytometry was performed to identify hematopoietic subpopulations, including HSCs (CD34+/CD45(moderate); ISHAGE protocol) and early transitional B cells (CD19+, CD27-, IgD+, CD24[hi], CD38[hi]). Serial measurements of spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) as well as serum P1NP, osteocalcin, and CTX were also performed. The average age of study subjects was 64 ± 5 years. We found that teriparatide treatment led to an early increase in circulating HSC number of 40% ± 14% (p = 0.004) by month 3, which persisted to month 18 before returning to near baseline by 24 months. There were no significant changes in transitional B cells or total B cells over the course of the study period. In addition, there were no differences in complete blood count profiles as quantified by standard automated flow cytometry. Interestingly, the peak increase in HSC number was inversely associated with increases in bone markers and spine BMD. Daily teriparatide treatment for osteoporosis increases circulating HSCs by 3 to 6 months in postmenopausal women. This may represent a proliferation of marrow HSCs or increased peripheral HSC mobilization. This clinical study establishes the importance of PTH in the regulation of the HSC niche within humans. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joy Y. Wu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine
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23
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Smith JNP, Calvi LM. Concise review: Current concepts in bone marrow microenvironmental regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1044-50. [PMID: 23509002 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) behavior is governed in large part by interactions of the blood system with the bone microenvironment. Increasing evidence demonstrates the profound role the local HSC microenvironment or niche plays in normal stem cell function, in therapeutic activation and in the setting of malignancy. A number of cellular and molecular components of the microenvironment have been identified thus far, several of which are likely to provide exciting therapeutic targets in the near future. Clinically effective strategies for niche manipulation, however, require careful study of the interaction of these niche components. Some of the key findings defining these regulatory interactions are explored in this concise review, with special emphasis on potential translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne N P Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Wei J, Wang Z, Makarov D, Li X. Current treatments and novel therapeutic targets for castration resistant prostate cancer with bone metastasis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2013; 1:30-8. [PMID: 25374898 PMCID: PMC4219282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in men in developed countries. While early stage disease can often be cured, many patients eventually develop castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The majority of CRPC patients have bone metastases, which cause significant morbidity and mortality. Although there is no cure for prostate cancer metastatic to bone, several bone-targeted agents have been approved to prevent skeletal-related events (SREs). Among them, bisphosphonates were the first class of drugs investigated for prevention of SREs. Denosumab is a recently approved agent that binds to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) as a humanized monoclonal antibody. Both agents target prostate cancer skeletal metastasis through the inhibition of bone resorption. Alpharadin is the first radiopharmaceutical agent that has significant overall survival benefit. It has benefits in pain palliation and SREs as well. Another newly approved drug is Abiraterone acetate, which decreases circulating levels of testosterone by targeting an enzyme expressed in the testis and the adrenal, as well as in prostate cancer tissues. This review outlines the clinical and preclinical data supporting the use of these and new agents in development for CRPC with bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Wei
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of DentistryNew York, NY 10010
- Tongji HospitalWuhan, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of DentistryNew York, NY 10010
| | - Danil Makarov
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicalNew York, NY 10010
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of DentistryNew York, NY 10010
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicalNew York, NY 10010
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Xu XL, Gou WL, Wang AY, Wang Y, Guo QY, Lu Q, Lu SB, Peng J. Basic research and clinical applications of bisphosphonates in bone disease: what have we learned over the last 40 years? J Transl Med 2013; 11:303. [PMID: 24330728 PMCID: PMC3874605 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now 40 years since bisphosphonates (BPs) were first used in the clinic. So, it is timely to provide a brief review of what we have learned about these agents in bone disease. BPs are bone-specific and have been classified into two major groups on the basis of their distinct molecular modes of action: amino-BPs and non-amino-BPs. The amino-BPs are more potent and they inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), a key enzyme of the mavalonate/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, while the non-amino-BPs inhibit osteoclast activity, by incorporation into non-hydrolyzable analogs of ATP. Both amino-BPs and non-amino-BPs can protect osteoblasts and osteocytes against apoptosis. The BPs are widely used in the clinic to treat various diseases characterized by excessive bone resorption, including osteoporosis, myeloma, bone metastasis, Legg-Perthes disease, malignant hyperparathyroidism, and other conditions featuring bone fragility. This review provides insights into some of the adverse effects of BPs, such as gastric irritation, osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical femoral fractures, esophageal cancer, atrial fibrillation, and ocular inflammation. In conclusion, this review covers the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of BPs in bone, particularly the discovery that BPs have direct anti-apoptotic effects on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and the current situation of BP use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Long Gou
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Yi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bi Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
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Ribeiro V, Garcia M, Oliveira R, Gomes PS, Colaço B, Fernandes MH. Bisphosphonates induce the osteogenic gene expression in co-cultured human endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 18:27-37. [PMID: 24373581 PMCID: PMC3916115 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are known to affect bone homeostasis and also to have anti-angiogenic properties. Because of the intimate relationship between angiogenesis and osteogenesis, this study analysed the effects of Alendronate (AL) and Zoledronate (ZL) in the expression of endothelial and osteogenic genes on interacting endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells, an issue that was not previously addressed. Alendronate and ZL, 10(-12) -10(-6) M, were evaluated in a direct co-culture system of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC), over a period of 14 days. Experiments with the respective monocultures were run in parallel. Alendronate and ZL caused an initial dose-dependent stimulation in the cell proliferation in the monocultures and co-cultures, and did not interfere with their cellular organization. In HDMEC monocultures, the expression of the endothelial genes CD31, VE-cadherin and VEGFR2 was down-regulated by AL and ZL. In HMSC monocultures, the BPs inhibited VEGF expression, but up-regulated the expression of the osteogenic genes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteocalcin (OC) and, to a greater extent, osteoprotegerin (OPG), a negative regulator of the osteoclastic differentiation, and increased ALP activity. In co-cultured HDMEC/HMSC, AL and ZL decreased the expression of endothelial genes but elicited an earlier and sustained overexpression of ALP, BMP-2, OC and OPG, compared with the monocultured cells; they also induced ALP activity. This study showed for the first time that AL and ZL greatly induced the osteogenic gene expression on interacting endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ribeiro
- CECAV, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; FMDUP, Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Casado-Díaz A, Santiago-Mora R, Dorado G, Quesada-Gómez JM. Risedronate Positively Affects Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:325-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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