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Xu J, Firouz SM, Farrokhian M, Ghoreishizadeh S, Merza Mohamad TA, Rostami A, Tamjididfar R, Akbari M, Shomali N, Zamiri RE, Shotorbani SS, Shahi AS. Potential anti-inflammatory effect of anti-HMGB1 in animal models of ICH by downregulating the TLR4 signaling pathway and regulating the inflammatory cytokines along with increasing HO1 and NRF2. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 915:174694. [PMID: 34896108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe clinical problem without effective treatment; the leading cause is neuroinflammation. High-mobility group box one protein (HMGB1) is an abundant protein in the cell nucleus of most mammalian cells, which exerts its function by binding to chromatin. The present study focused on the therapeutic effect of anti-HMGB1 on ICH via the downregulation of inflammatory pathways. The ICH mice models were created by collagenase IV injection in the striatum of mice. Then, mice were received different medications and divided into three groups: anti-HMGB1, anti-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and non-treated ICH groups. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained, and ELISA was carried out to determine the levels of inflammatory agents. Microglial cells were isolated from the cerebral hemispheres, and then Real-Time PCR and western blot were performed. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of anti-HMGB1 were tremendous than anti-TLR4. Overall, the results showed that anti-HMGB1 had a more reducer effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines release (****P < 0.0001) and expression (****P < 0.0001) than anti-TLR4 when compared with the control group. It was also determined that anti-HMGB1 increased heme-oxygenase-1 (HO1) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) (****P < 0.0001) expression in comparison with the control group while it was not significant for anti-TLR4 (CLI-095). The present study suggested that anti-HMGB1 serves as a potential anti-inflammatory molecule via reducing TLR4-related signaling pathways, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine along with heme-oxygenase-1 HO1 and NRF2 increment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, 723000, China; Department of Internal Medicine Neurology, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Sahar Mashayekhi Firouz
- Department of Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mina Farrokhian
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Talar Ahmad Merza Mohamad
- HMU (Hawler Medical University), College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Amirabbas Rostami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of General Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University After Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rozita Tamjididfar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Eghdam Zamiri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Sadeghian Shahi
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Foglio E, Pellegrini L, Russo MA, Limana F. HMGB1-Mediated Activation of the Inflammatory-Reparative Response Following Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020216. [PMID: 35053332 PMCID: PMC8773872 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cell types belonging to the innate and adaptive immune system play mutually non-exclusive roles during the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response that occurs following myocardial infarction. A timely and finely regulation of their action is fundamental for the process to properly proceed. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear protein that in the extracellular space can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) involved in a large variety of different processes, such as inflammation, migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration, has recently emerged as a possible regulator of the activity of different immune cell types in the distinct phases of the inflammatory reparative process. Moreover, by activating endogenous stem cells, inducing endothelial cells, and by modulating cardiac fibroblast activity, HMGB1 could represent a master regulator of the inflammatory and reparative responses following MI. In this review, we will provide an overview of cellular effectors involved in these processes and how HMGB1 intervenes in regulating each of them. Moreover, we will summarize HMGB1 roles in regulating other cell types that are involved in the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response, discussing how its redox status could affect its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Foglio
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma and MEBIC Consortium, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Zhao J, Zhao Q, Mao S. N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 ameliorates myocardial remodeling and cardiac function in heart failure rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1296-1307. [PMID: 33583230 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121993208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effect of NDRG2 (N-myc downstream regulated gene 2)-mediated Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/ Sma- and Mad-related protein (Smad) pathway in heart failure (HF) rats. HF rat models were established and treated with AdEGFP (adenovirus encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein) or AdNDRG2 (adenovirus encoding NDRG2). The echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters were detected, and the infarct size was calculated via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Masson staining was performed to observe the collagen volume fraction (CVF), quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of Collagen I (Col-I) and Collagen III (Col-III), and Transferase (TdT)-mediated D-UTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to evaluate the apoptosis. Rats in the Model group presented with the decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular shortening fraction (LVFS), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximal/minimum rate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt max), and significant increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and CVF. At the meantime, the expression of Col-I and Col-III as well as the apoptotic rate of myocardial cells was also elevated with increased infarct size in the Model group. The Model rats also had the significant reduction in the expression of NDRG2 and up-regulations of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/Smad2, p-Smad3/Smad3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2). However, model rats treated with AdNDRG2 had evident amelioration in aforementioned indicators. In conclusion, NDRG2 reduces the apoptosis of myocardial cells and improves the heart function and myocardial remodeling in HF rats via inhibiting the activity of TGF-β1/Smad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yantai City Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Medical Center, Weifang People's Hospital, Brain Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of 372527Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Carry MicroRNA-671 to Alleviate Myocardial Infarction Through Inactivating the TGFBR2/Smad2 Axis. Inflammation 2021; 44:1815-1830. [PMID: 33881681 PMCID: PMC8460592 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived extracellular vesicles have been reported as promising tools for the management of heart disease. The aim of this study was to explore the function of adipose-derived MSCs (adMSCs)-derived exosomes (Exo) in the progression of myocardial infarction (MI) and the molecules involved. Mouse cardiomyocytes were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic an MI condition in vitro. The adMSCs-derived Exo were identified and administrated into the OGD-treated cardiomyocytes, and then the viability and apoptosis of cells, and the secretion of fibrosis- and inflammation-related cytokines in cells were determined. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in cells after Exo treatment were screened using a microarray analysis. The downstream molecules regulated by miR-671 were explored through bioinformatic analysis. Involvements of miR-671 and transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) in the exosome-mediated events were confirmed by rescue experiments. A murine model with MI was induced and treated with Exo for functional experiments in vivo. Compared to phosphate-buffered saline treatment, the Exo treatment significantly enhanced viability while reduced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and in reduced myocardial fibrosis and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. miR-671 was significantly upregulated in cells after Exo treatment. Downregulation of miR-671 blocked the protective functions of Exo. miR-671 targeted TGFBR2 and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad2. Artificial downregulation of TGFBR2 enhanced viability of the OGD-treated cardiomyocytes. This study suggested that adMSC-derived exosomal miR-671 directly targets TGFBR2 and reduces Smad2 phosphorylation to alleviate MI-like symptoms both in vivo and in vitro.
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Lee SH, Cho JH, Park JH, Cho JS, Lee HM. High Mobility Group Box Chromosomal Protein-1 Induces Myofibroblast Differentiation and Extracellular Matrix Production via RAGE, p38, JNK and AP-1 Signaling Pathways in Nasal Fibroblasts. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 35:774-780. [PMID: 33626879 DOI: 10.1177/1945892421998142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis is involved in myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1) is known to stimulate lung fibroblast to produce ECM in lung fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HMGB-1 induces myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production in nasal fibroblasts and to identify the signal pathway. METHODS Human nasal fibroblasts were cultured. After stimulation with HMGB-1, expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin were determined by real-time PCR and western blot. Total collagen was measured by Sircol assay. To investigate signal pathway, various signal inhibitors and RAGE siRNA were used. RESULTS HMGB-1 increased α-SMA and fibronectin in mRNA and protein levels. It also increased collagen production. RAGE siRNA inhibited HMGB-1-induced α-SMA and fibronectin, and production of collagen. Furthermore, the inhibitors of RAGE downstream molecules such as p38, JNK and AP-1 also blocked the HMGB-1-induced effects. CONCLUSIONS HMGB-1 induces myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production in nasal fibroblast, which is mediated by RAGE, p38, JNK and AP-1 signal pathway. These results suggest that HMGB-1 may play an important role in tissue remodeling during chronic rhinosinusitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hoo Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Cho
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Chen G, Huang S, Song F, Zhou Y, He X. Lnc-Ang362 is a pro-fibrotic long non-coding RNA promoting cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction by suppressing Smad7. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 685:108354. [PMID: 32240638 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI) leads to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Dysregulation of Smad7 which negatively regulates the profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling promotes cardiac fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TGF-β1/Smad7 dysregulation remain elusive. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently emerging as important regulators of cardiac diseases. Here, we report lnc-Ang362 is a novel lncRNA mediating MI-induced fibrosis through TGF-β1/Smad7 signaling pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS The MI model was established by artificial coronary artery occlusion in rats. Microarray analysis identified 215 lncRNAs (fold change > 2.0, P < 0.05) differentially expressed between MI hearts and the sham group 4 weeks after MI. Lnc-Ang362 had the highest fold upregulation and the change was validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Also, MI caused a marked increase in TGF-β1 and collagen I/III expression, but significantly downregulated Smad7 expression. Adult rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCFs) treated with TGF-β1 showed increased lnc-Ang362 expression and decreased Smad7 expression. Moreover, overexpression and knockdown of lnc-Ang362 by small interfering RNAs reduced and increased Smad7 expression, respectively. Importantly, this result was negatively correlated with the expression of collagen I/III in RCFs. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assays confirmed that Smad7 was a validated lnc-Ang362 target. Further silencing Smad7 attenuated the effects of lnc-Ang362 knockdown on decreasing collagen I/III expression in RCFs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested lnc-Ang362 promoted cardiac fibrosis after MI via directly suppressing Smad7, which may decrease the inhibitory feedback regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Thus, lnc-Ang362 may be a novel profibrotic lncRNA in the regulation of cardiac fibrosis post MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sihui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feier Song
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuyu He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Li X, Zhang S, Wa M, Liu Z, Hu S. MicroRNA-101 Protects Against Cardiac Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction via Downregulation of Runt-Related Transcription Factor 1. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013112. [PMID: 31766975 PMCID: PMC6912979 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) generally leads to heart failure and sudden death. The hearts of people with MI undergo remodeling with the features of expanded myocardial infarct size and dilated left ventricle. Many microRNAs (miRs) have been revealed to be involved in the remodeling process; however, the participation of miR‐101 remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to find out the regulatory mechanism of miR‐101 in MI‐induced cardiac remodeling. Methods and Results Microarray data analysis was conducted to screen differentially expressed genes in MI. The rat model of MI was established by left coronary artery ligation. In addition, the relationship between miR‐101 and runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was identified using dual luciferase reporter assay. After that, the rats injected with lentiviral vector expressing miR‐101 mimic, inhibitor, or small interfering RNA against RUNX1 were used to examine the effects of miR‐101 and RUNX1 on transforming growth factor β signaling pathway, cardiac function, infarct size, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. RUNX1 was highly expressed, while miR‐101 was poorly expressed in MI. miR‐101 was identified to target RUNX1. Following that, it was found that overexpression of miR‐101 or silencing of RUNX1 improved the cardiac function and elevated left ventricular end‐diastolic and end‐systolic diameters. Also, miR‐101 elevation or RUNX1 depletion decreased infarct size, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, miR‐101 could negatively regulate RUNX1 to inactivate the transforming growth factor β1/Smad family member 2 signaling pathway. Conclusions Taken together, miR‐101 plays a protective role against cardiac remodeling following MI via inactivation of the RUNX1‐dependent transforming growth factor β1/Smad family member 2 signaling pathway, proposing miR‐101 and RUNX1 as potential therapeutic targets for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidong Li
- Department of Cardiology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi China
| | - Shouwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi China
| | | | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi China
| | - Shunpeng Hu
- Department of Cardiology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi China
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Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotes and the best characterized damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). The biological activities of HMGB1 depend on its subcellular location, context and post-translational modifications. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 is engaged in many DNA events such as DNA repair, transcription regulation and genome stability; in the cytoplasm, its main function is to regulate the autophagic flux while in the extracellular environment, it possesses more complicated functions and it is involved in a large variety of different processes such as inflammation, migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation and tissue regeneration. Due to this pleiotropy, the role of HMGB1 has been vastly investigated in various pathological diseases and a large number of studies have explored its function in cardiovascular pathologies. However, in this contest, the precise mechanism of action of HMGB1 and its therapeutic potential are still very controversial since is debated whether HMGB1 is involved in tissue damage or plays a role in tissue repair and regeneration. The main focus of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of HMGB1 in different ischemic heart diseases and to discuss its functions in these pathological conditions.
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Xu H, Sui F, Sun M, Guo G. Downregulated microRNA‐224 aggravates vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and vascular remodeling in acute coronary syndrome through activation of the TGF‐β/Smad pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2537-2551. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Ming Xu
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun China
| | - Feng‐Hua Sui
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun China
| | - Mei‐Hua Sun
- Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun China
| | - Gong‐Liang Guo
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun China
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Marlo TL, Giuliano EA, Tripathi R, Sharma A, Mohan RR. Altering equine corneal fibroblast differentiation through Smad gene transfer. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:132-139. [PMID: 28685927 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of equine corneal fibroblast (ECF) to myofibroblast (ECM) differentiation by altering the expression of the Smad genes either individually or in combination. Specifically, we sought to examine the ECF differentiation after (a) silencing of Smad2, 3, and 4 profibrotic genes individually and (b) overexpression of antifibrotic Smad7 gene and in a combination with pro- and antifibrotic Smad genes. METHODS Equine corneal fibroblast primary cultures were generated as previously described. ECFs were transfected with individual plasmids which silenced gene expression of either Smad2, 3, or 4 or in combination with a plasmid overexpressing Smad7 using Lipofectamine 2000™ or Lipofectamine BLOCK-iT™. Smad-transfected clones were then exposed to TGF-β1 to induce differentiation to myofibroblasts. Immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR techniques quantified levels of ECF differentiation to ECM by measuring alpha smooth muscle actin, a known marker of ECM transdifferentiation. RESULTS Silencing of individual Smad2, 3, or 4 genes or overexpression of Smad7 showed significant inhibition of ECF transdifferentiation (73-83% reduction). Silencing of Smad2 showed the greatest inhibition of ECF transdifferentiation in (a) and was therefore utilized for the combination gene transfer testing. The combination gene transfer consisting of Smad7 overexpression and Smad2 silencing attenuated ECF differentiation significantly; however, the level was not significant compared to the overexpression of Smad7 individually. CONCLUSIONS Using gene transfer technology involving profibrotic Smad silencing, antifibrotic Smad overexpression or its combination is a novel strategy to control TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis in equine fibroblasts. Combination gene therapy was not better than single gene therapy in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Marlo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ratnakar Tripathi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
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Zhou YH, Han QF, Wang LH, Liu T, Meng XY, Wu L, Li T, Jiao YR, Yao HC, Zhang DY. High mobility group box 1 protein attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1582-1588. [PMID: 28810624 PMCID: PMC5525636 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effects of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats following acute myocardial ischemia and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups (n=10/group): Sham operation; I/R; HMGB50 (50 ng/kg HMGB1 before I/R); HMGB100 (100 ng/kg HMGB1 before I/R); and HMGB200 (200 ng/kg HMGB1 before I/R). Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were subsequently measured. Myocardial levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also determined. Myocardial infarction size (IS) was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Myocardial expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P-p38 MAPK) protein was measured using western blotting. The results demonstrated that HMGB1 significantly decreased serum levels of cTnI, IL-6 and TNF-α and myocardial IS in I/R rats compared with the sham group (all P<0.05). HMGB1 also significantly decreased and increased myocardial levels of MDA and SOD, respectively (both P<0.05). HMGB1 significantly increased myocardial expression of HIF-1α and decreased expression of P-p38 MAPK following I/R (both P<0.05). These effects of HMGB1 occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the current study indicate that the cardioprotective effects of intravenous HMGB1 are associated with increased myocardial expression of HIF-1α via inhibition of P-p38 MAPK expression, leading to inhibition of the P-p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Feng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Tai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ru Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Heng-Chen Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - De-Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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Ma Y, Zou H, Zhu XX, Pang J, Xu Q, Jin QY, Ding YH, Zhou B, Huang DS. Transforming growth factor β: A potential biomarker and therapeutic target of ventricular remodeling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53780-53790. [PMID: 28881850 PMCID: PMC5581149 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that is synthesized by many types of cells and regulates the cell cycle. Increasing evidence has led to TGF-β receiving increased and deserved attention in recent years because it may play a potentially novel and critical role in the development and progression of myocardial fibrosis and the subsequent progress of ventricular remodeling (VR). Numerous studies have highlighted a crucial role of TGF-β in VR and suggest potential therapeutic targets of the TGF-β signaling pathways for VR. Changes in TGF-β activity may elicit anti-VR activity and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for VR therapy. This review we discusses the smad-dependent signaling pathway, such as TGF-β/Smads, TGF-β/Sirtuins, TGF-β/BMP, TGF-β/miRNAs, TGF-β/MAPK, and Smad-independent signaling pathway of TGF-β, such as TGF-β/PI3K/Akt, TGF-β/Rho/ROCK,TGF-β/Wnt/β-catenin in the cardiac fibrosis and subsequent progression of VR. Furthermore, agonists and antagonists of TGF-β as potential therapeutic targets in VR are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Yang Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Duan Y, Zhu W, Liu M, Ashraf M, Xu M. The expression of Smad signaling pathway in myocardium and potential therapeutic effects. Histol Histopathol 2016; 32:651-659. [PMID: 27844469 DOI: 10.14670/hh-11-845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening disease. The expression of Smad proteins in the ischemic myocardium changes significantly following myocardial infarction, suggesting a close relationship between Smad proteins and heart remodeling. Moreover, it is known that the expression of Smads is regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). Based on these findings, regulating the expression of Smad proteins by targeting TGF-β and BMP in the ischemic myocardium may be considered to be a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Duan
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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14
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Yu B, Li X, Wan Q, Han W, Deng C, Guo C. High-Mobility Group Box-1 Protein Disrupts Alveolar Elastogenesis of Hyperoxia-Injured Newborn Lungs. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:159-68. [PMID: 26982166 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels in tracheal aspirates are associated with the pathological features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the role of HMGB1 in the terminal stage of abnormal alveologenesis has not yet been understood. In this study, we addressed the role of HMGB1 in the elastogenesis disruption in the lungs of newborn mice with BPD. We found that elevations of whole lung HMGB1 level were associated with impaired alveolar development and aberrant elastin production in 85% O2-exposed lungs. HMGB1 neutralizing antibody attenuated the structural disintegration developed in hyperoxia-damaged lungs. Furthermore, HMGB1 inhibition rescued the neutrophil influx in hyperoxia-injured lung and partially abolished the mRNA level of the proinflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. These data suggested that pulmonary HMGB1 plays an important role in the disruption of elastogenesis in the terminal stage of lung development through reduced pulmonary inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benli Yu
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qiufeng Wan
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Han
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,3 Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chun Deng
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,4 Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Liu S. HMGB1 induced inflammatory effect is blocked by CRISPLD2 via MiR155 in hepatic fibrogenesis. Mol Immunol 2016; 69:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Turner NA. Inflammatory and fibrotic responses of cardiac fibroblasts to myocardial damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 94:189-200. [PMID: 26542796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) are well-established as key regulators of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover in the context of myocardial remodelling and fibrosis. Recently, this cell type has also been shown to act as a sensor of myocardial damage by detecting and responding to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) upregulated with cardiac injury. CF express a range of innate immunity pattern recognition receptors (TLRs, NLRs, IL-1R1, RAGE) that are stimulated by a host of different DAMPs that are evident in the injured or remodelling myocardium. These include intracellular molecules released by necrotic cells (heat shock proteins, high mobility group box 1 protein, S100 proteins), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1α), specific ECM molecules up-regulated in response to tissue injury (fibronectin-EDA, tenascin-C) or molecules modified by a pathological environment (advanced glycation end product-modified proteins observed with diabetes). DAMP receptor activation on fibroblasts is coupled to altered cellular function including changes in proliferation, migration, myofibroblast transdifferentiation, ECM turnover and production of fibrotic and inflammatory paracrine factors, which directly impact on the heart's ability to respond to injury. This review gives an overview of the important role played by CF in responding to myocardial DAMPs and how the DAMP/CF axis could be exploited experimentally and therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research, and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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17
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Li LC, Li DL, Xu L, Mo XT, Cui WH, Zhao P, Zhou WC, Gao J, Li J. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Mediates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Fibrosis Involving Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Smad2/3 Signaling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:302-9. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.222372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Lin Y, Sibanda VL, Zhang HM, Hu H, Liu H, Guo AY. MiRNA and TF co-regulatory network analysis for the pathology and recurrence of myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9653. [PMID: 25867756 PMCID: PMC4394890 DOI: 10.1038/srep09653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death in the world and many genes are involved in it. Transcription factor (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression. We hypothesized that miRNAs and TFs might play combinatory regulatory roles in MI. After collecting MI candidate genes and miRNAs from various resources, we constructed a comprehensive MI-specific miRNA-TF co-regulatory network by integrating predicted and experimentally validated TF and miRNA targets. We found some hub nodes (e.g. miR-16 and miR-26) in this network are important regulators, and the network can be severed as a bridge to interpret the associations of previous results, which is shown by the case of miR-29 in this study. We also constructed a regulatory network for MI recurrence and found several important genes (e.g. DAB2, BMP6, miR-320 and miR-103), the abnormal expressions of which may be potential regulatory mechanisms and markers of MI recurrence. At last we proposed a cellular model to discuss major TF and miRNA regulators with signaling pathways in MI. This study provides more details on gene expression regulation and regulators involved in MI progression and recurrence. It also linked up and interpreted many previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Vusumuzi Leroy Sibanda
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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19
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Gao L, Huang K, Jiang DS, Liu X, Huang D, Li H, Zhang XD, Huang K. Novel Role for Caspase-Activated DNase in the Regulation of Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Hypertension 2015; 65:871-81. [PMID: 25646292 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (L.G., Kun Huang, D.H., Kai Huang); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); and Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (X.-D.Z.)
| | - Kun Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (L.G., Kun Huang, D.H., Kai Huang); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); and Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (X.-D.Z.)
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (L.G., Kun Huang, D.H., Kai Huang); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); and Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (X.-D.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiong Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (L.G., Kun Huang, D.H., Kai Huang); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); and Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (X.-D.Z.)
| | - Dan Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (L.G., Kun Huang, D.H., Kai Huang); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); and Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (X.-D.Z.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (L.G., Kun Huang, D.H., Kai Huang); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); and Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (X.-D.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (L.G., Kun Huang, D.H., Kai Huang); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); and Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (X.-D.Z.)
| | - Kai Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (L.G., Kun Huang, D.H., Kai Huang); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., X.L., H.L.); and Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (X.-D.Z.)
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20
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Zhu L, Li X, Chen Y, Fang J, Ge Z. High-mobility group box 1: a novel inducer of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:527-34. [PMID: 25511739 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates critical processes of tumour metastasis. Because the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key player in metastasis, the aim of this study was to determine whether and through which mechanism HMGB1 induces EMT in colorectal carcinoma. The direct treatment of cells with recombinant human HMGB1 induced alterations in the epithelial morphology consistent with the EMT and enhanced cell migration through a process mediated by the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). The levels of Snail and phospho-NF-κB were upregulated during the HMGB1-induced EMT, and these effects were reversed by inhibiting Snail and NF-κB. In addition, HMGB1 increased the expression of MMP-7 but not that of MMP-9, and this effect was also regulated by Snail/NF-κB signalling. Collectively, these findings indicate that HMGB1 acts as a potent driver of cancer EMT through the RAGE/Snail/NF-κB signalling pathways accompanied by the activation of MMP-7, thereby suggest the feasibility of targeting HMGB1 for the treatment of tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhizheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
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21
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Kao YH, Lin YC, Tsai MS, Sun CK, Yuan SS, Chang CY, Jawan B, Lee PH. Involvement of the nuclear high mobility group B1 peptides released from injured hepatocytes in murine hepatic fibrogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1720-32. [PMID: 24970745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the pro-fibrogenic role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) peptides in liver fibrogenesis. An animal model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis was used to examine the serum HMGB1 levels and its intrahepatic distribution. The increased serum HMGB1 levels were positively correlated with elevation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen deposition during fibrogenesis. The cytoplasmic distribution of HMGB1 was noted in the parenchymal hepatocytes of fibrotic livers. In vitro studies confirmed that exposure to hydrogen peroxide and CCl4 induced an intracellular mobilization and extracellular release of nuclear HMGB1 peptides in clone-9 and primary hepatocytes, respectively. An uptake of exogenous HMGB1 by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) T6 cells indicated a possible paracrine action of hepatocytes on HSCs. Moreover, HMGB1 dose-dependently stimulated HSC proliferation, up-regulated de novo synthesis of collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and triggered Smad2 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation through a TGF-β1-independent mechanism. Blockade with neutralizing antibodies and gene silencing demonstrated the involvement of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), but not toll-like receptor 4, in cellular uptake of HMGB1 and the HMGB1-mediated Smad2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as α-SMA up-regulation in HSC-T6 cells. Furthermore, anti-RAGE treatment significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In conclusion, the nuclear HMGB1 peptides released from parenchymal hepatocytes during liver injuries may directly activate HSCs through stimulating HSC proliferation and transformation, eventually leading to the fibrotic changes of livers. Blockade of HMGB1/RAGE signaling cascade may constitute a therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Medical Education, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou Yuan
- Translational Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bruno Jawan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Lin TH, Yang SF, Chiu CC, Su HM, Voon WC, Chai CY, Lai WT, Sheu SH. Mitral tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 is associated with mitral valve surgery outcome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86287. [PMID: 24475101 PMCID: PMC3903512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases play a role in regulating cardiac remodeling. We previously reported an association between tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) expression and mitral valve (MV) disease. However, the determinants and prognostic value of mitral TIMP2 after MV surgery are unknown. Methods This retrospective study of 164 patients after MV surgery in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan assessed mitral TIMP2 on a semiquantitative scale (0–2) by immunohistochemical staining. The primary endpoints were the composite of cardiovascular death and heart failure admission. Results Mean age was 50.4±13.7 years. After a mean follow-up period of 101±59 months, primary endpoints had occurred in 25 (15.2%) subjects. Patients with and without primary endpoint events significantly differed in terms of age (56.6±14.4 vs. 49.2±13.4 years, respectively; p = 0.013) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (39.7±8.2 vs. 35.5±7.5 mm, p = 0.010) at surgery. The TIMP2 had a significant dose-dependent association with development of a primary endpoint (p = 0.002). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that TIMP2 expression has a significant positive association with primary endpoint-free survival (log-rank test; p = 0.004). Cox regression analysis showed that independent predictors of primary endpoints were TIMP2 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12–0.65; p = 0.003), age (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.09; p = 0.003) and LVESD (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.10; p = 0.020). Conclusions The lack of mitral TIMP2 expression is associated with increases in cardiovascular death and heart failure following MV surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chaw-Chi Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ming Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chol Voon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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