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Wang Y, Ma C, Wang S, Wu H, Chen X, Ma J, Wang L, Qiu HJ, Sun Y. Advances in the immunoescape mechanisms exploited by alphaherpesviruses. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1392814. [PMID: 38962133 PMCID: PMC11221368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alphaherpesviruses, categorized as viruses with linear DNA composed of two complementary strands, can potentially to induce diseases in both humans and animals as pathogens. Mature viral particles comprise of a core, capsid, tegument, and envelope. While herpesvirus infection can elicit robust immune and inflammatory reactions in the host, its persistence stems from its prolonged interaction with the host, fostering a diverse array of immunoescape mechanisms. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in comprehending the immunoescape tactics employed by alphaherpesviruses, including pseudorabies virus (PRV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), feline herpesvirus (FeHV), equine herpesvirus (EHV), and caprine herpesvirus type I (CpHV-1). Researchers have unveiled the intricate adaptive mechanisms existing between viruses and their natural hosts. This review endeavors to illuminate the research advancements concerning the immunoescape mechanisms of alphaherpesviruses by delineating the pertinent proteins and genes involved in virus immunity. It aims to furnish valuable insights for further research on related mechanisms and vaccine development, ultimately contributing to virus control and containment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caoyuan Ma
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xuanqi Chen
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyou Ma
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Montagnaro S, Damiano S, Ciarcia R, Puzio MV, Ferrara G, Iovane V, Forte IM, Giordano A, Pagnini U. Caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) as a potential candidate for oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:42-51. [PMID: 30409104 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1504722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caprine Herpesvirus type 1 (CpHV-1) is a species-specific herpes virus able to induce apoptosis in several biological systems. In the present study we aimed to investigate the ability of CpHV-1 to reduce cells viability, to replicate and to cause cell death also in human cancer cell lines. We tested the CpHV-1 effects on HEL-299, Vero, MDA-MB-468, HeLa, U2OS, PC3, A549 and K562 neoplastic cell lines and on MDBK cells. Firstly, we evaluated the effect of CpHV-1 infection on cell viability by MTT assay and our data showed that CpHV-1 can induce a marked cytopathic effect (CPE) in most of cell lines tested, except for HEL-299, Vero and K562 cells. The reduction of cell viability was associated with a significant increase of viral production. We next investigated if CpHV-1 was able to induce cell death and so through western blotting analysis we evaluated cleaved caspase 3, LC3II and p62 protein levels after infection. Caspase 3 activation was detected in MDBK cells and, even if at different times p.i., also in MDA-MB-468, U2OS, and PC3 cell lines, while LC3II increase and concomitant p62 protein reduction were observed only in U2OS, and A549 cells, no significant alteration of these proteins was observed in the other cell lines tested. Finally, to confirm virus ability to trigger apoptosis we performed an Annexin-V apoptosis test after 24 h p.i. Although we need to further explore mechanisms underlying CpHV-1 treatment, this study could serve as the basis for the development of new treatment options aiming to fight several cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Montagnaro
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions , University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli , Italia
| | - Sara Damiano
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions , University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli , Italia
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions , University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli , Italia
| | - Maria Valeria Puzio
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions , University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli , Italia
| | - Gianmarco Ferrara
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions , University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli , Italia
| | - Valentina Iovane
- b Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano (Na) , Italia
| | - Iris Maria Forte
- c OncologyResearch Center of Mercogliano (CROM) , Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale" , Napoli , Italia
| | - Antonio Giordano
- d Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions , University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli , Italia
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Zhao C, Wang M, Cheng A, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhu D, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Jia R, Sun K, Chen X. Programmed cell death: the battlefield between the host and alpha-herpesviruses and a potential avenue for cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30704-30719. [PMID: 30093980 PMCID: PMC6078129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Programed cell death is an antiviral mechanism by which the host limits viral replication and protects uninfected cells. Many viruses encode proteins resistant to programed cell death to escape the host immune defenses, which indicates that programed cell death is more favorable for the host immune defense. Alpha-herpesviruses are pathogens that widely affect the health of humans and animals in different communities worldwide. Alpha-herpesviruses can induce apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis through different molecular mechanisms. This review concisely illustrates the different pathways of apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis induced by alpha-herpesviruses. These pathways influence viral infection and replication and are a potential avenue for cancer treatment. This review will increase our understanding of the role of programed cell death in the host immune defense and provides new possibilities for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankuo Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - XinXin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Martenot C, Gervais O, Chollet B, Houssin M, Renault T. Haemocytes collected from experimentally infected Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas: Detection of ostreid herpesvirus 1 DNA, RNA, and proteins in relation with inhibition of apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177448. [PMID: 28542284 PMCID: PMC5436676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent transcriptomic approaches focused on anti-viral immunity in molluscs lead to the assumption that the innate immune system, such as apoptosis, plays a crucial role against ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1), infecting Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Apoptosis constitutes a major mechanism of anti-viral response by limiting viral spread and eliminating infected cells. In this way, an OsHV-1 challenge was performed and oysters were monitored at three times post injection to investigate viral infection and host response: 2h (early after viral injection in the adductor muscle), 24h (intermediate time), and 48h (just before first oyster mortality record). Virus infection, associated with high cumulative mortality rates (74% and 100%), was demonstrated in haemocytes by combining several detection techniques such as real-time PCR, real-time RT PCR, immunofluorescence assay, and transmission electron microscopy examination. High viral DNA amounts ranged from 5.46×104 to 3.68×105 DNA copies ng-1 of total DNA, were detected in dead oysters and an increase of viral transcripts was observed from 2, 24, and 48hpi for the five targeted OsHV-1 genes encoding three putative membrane proteins (ORFs 25, 41, and 72), a putative dUTPase (ORF 75), and a putative apoptosis inhibitor (ORF 87). Apoptosis was studied at molecular and cellular levels with an early marker (phosphatidyl-serine externalisation measured by flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy) and a later parameter (DNA fragmentation by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay (TUNEL)). The down-regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in the activation of the apoptotic pathway (TNF and caspase 3) and the up-regulation of genes encoding anti-apoptotic proteins (IAP-2, and Bcl-2) suggested an important anti-apoptosis phenomenon in haemocytes from OsHV-1 infected oysters at 24 and 48hpi. Additionally, more phosphatidyl-serines were externalized and more cells with DNA fragmentation were observed in haemocytes collected from artificial seawater injected oysters than in haemocytes collected from OsHV-1 infected oysters at 24 and 48hpi, suggesting an inhibition of the apoptotic process in presence of the virus. In conclusion, this study is the first to focus on C. gigas haemocytes, cells involved in the host immune defense, during an OsHV-1 challenge in controlled conditions by combining various and original approaches to investigate apoptosis at molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Martenot
- Ifremer (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, La Tremblade, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Ophélie Gervais
- Ifremer (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | - Bruno Chollet
- Ifremer (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | | | - Tristan Renault
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement, Nantes, France
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Cardoso TC, Rosa ACG, Ferreira HL, Okamura LH, Oliveira BRSM, Vieira FV, Silva-Frade C, Gameiro R, Flores EF. Bovine herpesviruses induce different cell death forms in neuronal and glial-derived tumor cell cultures. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:725-735. [PMID: 27311457 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have the ability to infect tumor cells and leave healthy cells intact. In this study, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1; Los Angeles, Cooper, and SV56/90 strains) and bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV5; SV507/99 and GU9457818 strains) were used to infect two neuronal tumor cell lineages: neuro2a (mouse neuroblastoma cells) and C6 (rat glial cells). BHV1 and BHV5 strains infected both cell lines and positively correlated with viral antigen detection (p < 0.005). When neuro2a cells were infected by Los Angeles, SV507/99, and GU9457818 strains, 40 % of infected cells were under early apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. Infected C6 cells were >40 % in necroptosis phase when infected by BHV5 (GU9457818 strain). Blocking caspase activation did not interfere with cell death. However, when necroptosis was blocked, 60-80 % of both infected cells with either virus switched to early apoptosis pathway with no interference with virus replication. Moreover, reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction were detected at high levels in both infected cell lines. In spite of apoptosis and necroptosis blockage, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) and virus transcription were positively correlated for all viral strains studied. Thus, these results contribute to the characterization of BHV1 and BHV5 as potential oncolytic viruses for non-human cells. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying their oncolytic activity in human cells are still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina G Rosa
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Helena L Ferreira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
- FZEA-USP, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, CEP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas H Okamura
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Bruna R S M Oliveira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Vieira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Camila Silva-Frade
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Virology Section, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97115-900, RS, Brazil
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