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Hasan A, Rizvi SF, Parveen S, Pathak N, Nazir A, Mir SS. Crosstalk Between ROS and Autophagy in Tumorigenesis: Understanding the Multifaceted Paradox. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852424. [PMID: 35359388 PMCID: PMC8960719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer formation is a highly regulated and complex process, largely dependent on its microenvironment. This complexity highlights the need for developing novel target-based therapies depending on cancer phenotype and genotype. Autophagy, a catabolic process, removes damaged and defective cellular materials through lysosomes. It is activated in response to stress conditions such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is induced by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are multifaceted molecules that drive several pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Moreover, autophagy also plays a dual role, initially inhibiting tumor formation but promoting tumor progression during advanced stages. Mounting evidence has suggested an intricate crosstalk between autophagy and ROS where they can either suppress cancer formation or promote disease etiology. This review highlights the regulatory roles of autophagy and ROS from tumor induction to metastasis. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies that have been devised so far to combat cancer. Based on the review, we finally present some gap areas that could be targeted and may provide a basis for cancer suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Suroor Fatima Rizvi
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sana Parveen
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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2
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Xu J, Ji Y, Shogren KL, Okuno SH, Yaszemski MJ, Maran A. RNA-dependent protein kinase is required for interferon-γ-induced autophagy in MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Gene 2021; 802:145865. [PMID: 34352301 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor that mainly affects children and adolescents. Interferons (IFNs) have been shown to exert antitumor effects in osteosarcoma cells, although the molecular mechanisms have not been fully realized. We investigated IFN-γ actions on osteosarcoma cells. Our results show that IFN-γ induces the accumulation of autophagosomes in osteosarcoma cells. IFN-γ treatment leads to the conversion of autophagy marker light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II in osteosarcoma cells, and this conversion is accompanied by puncta formation. Also, IFN-γ-mediated induction of autophagosome formation and autophagic flux require RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) activity. In addition, our findings show that IFN-γ-mediated osteosarcoma cell death is not dependent on PKR. Our study suggests that IFN-γ has differential effects that lead to induction of cell death and autophagy in osteosarcoma cells. Further evaluation of the IFN-γ-mediated molecular mechanism could lead to improved understanding of and targeted treatment strategies for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Musculoskeletal Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Scott H Okuno
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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3
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Almasi S, Crawford Parks TE, Ravel-Chapuis A, MacKenzie A, Côté J, Cowan KN, Jasmin BJ. Differential regulation of autophagy by STAU1 in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and non-transformed skeletal muscle cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:851-870. [PMID: 33899158 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent work has highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy to modulate cell survival in a variety of diseases including cancer. Recently, we found that the RNA-binding protein Staufen1 (STAU1) is highly expressed in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) and that this abnormal expression promotes tumorigenesis. Here, we asked whether STAU1 is involved in the regulation of autophagy in ARMS cells. METHODS We assessed the impact of STAU1 expression modulation in ARMS cell lines (RH30 and RH41), non-transformed skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) and STAU1-transgenic mice using complementary techniques. RESULTS We found that STAU1 silencing reduces autophagy in the ARMS cell lines RH30 and RH41, while increasing their apoptosis. Mechanistically, this inhibitory effect was found to be caused by a direct negative impact of STAU1 depletion on the stability of Beclin-1 (BECN1) and ATG16L1 mRNAs, as well as by an indirect inhibition of JNK signaling via increased expression of Dual specificity phosphatase 8 (DUSP8). Pharmacological activation of JNK or expression silencing of DUSP8 was sufficient to restore autophagy in STAU1-depleted cells. By contrast, we found that STAU1 downregulation in non-transformed skeletal muscle cells activates autophagy in a mTOR-dependent manner, without promoting apoptosis. A similar effect was observed in skeletal muscles obtained from STAU1-overexpressing transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data indicate an effect of STAU1 on autophagy regulation in ARMS cells and its differential role in non-transformed skeletal muscle cells. Our findings suggest a cancer-specific potential of targeting STAU1 for the treatment of ARMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekoufeh Almasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,The Eric J. Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tara E Crawford Parks
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,The Eric J. Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aymeric Ravel-Chapuis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,The Eric J. Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alex MacKenzie
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,The Eric J. Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Côté
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,The Eric J. Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle N Cowan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Molecular Biomedicine Program, CHEO, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,The Eric J. Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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4
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Zhu J, Zhang M, Guo J, Wu X, Wang S, Zhou Y, Liu H. Metabolite profiling of chondrosarcoma cells: A robust GC-MS method for the analysis of endogenous metabolome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1169:122606. [PMID: 33684880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the 2nd most frequent bone sarcoma. In this study, the metabolic profiling of human chondrosarcoma SW-1353 cell line was investigated for the first time. To obtain more precise information about the metabolites from chondrosarcoma cells, pretreatment methods including washing steps/solvents, harvesting conditions, and extraction protocols for chondrosarcoma SW-1353 cells were evaluated in the context of metabolite profiling by GC-MS technique. In addition, a total of 32 representative metabolites (related to amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis, and fatty acid metabolism) were quantitatively determined. We found that a fast water rinse step before metabolic quenching, may reduce the contaminants and improve sensitivity. Trypsin/ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid treatment led to a large amount of metabolite leakage, which was not suitable for metabolomics research. Methanol was selected as a more suitable extraction solvent among four extraction approaches applied to SW-1353 cells. The final protocol can provide a simple, robust, and reproducible method to obtain precise information about the metabolites from chondrosarcoma cells, which is helpful to further understand the chondrosarcoma cell physiology and the mechanism of drug resistance in this disease, from the perspective of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jinxiu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xueke Wu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Zhou HY, Li Q, Wang JX, Xie YJ, Wang SQ, Lei L, Gao YQ, Huang MM, Hu Y, Xu FY, Zhang C. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound repair in mandibular condylar cartilage injury rabbit model. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Du W, Wang N, Li F, Jia K, An J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhu L, Zhao S, Hao J. STAT3 phosphorylation mediates high glucose-impaired cell autophagy in an HDAC1-dependent and -independent manner in Schwann cells of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. FASEB J 2019; 33:8008-8021. [PMID: 30913399 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900127r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells are the main supportive cells of the peripheral nerves. Schwann cells suffer inhibition of autophagy under hyperglycemia treatment in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, the exact mechanism is still not fully elucidated. We first observed the decrease of autophagy markers (LC3-II/LC3-I, P62) in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice vs. normal mice, accompanied with the loss of myelinated nerve fibers and abnormal myelin sheath. In line with this, LC3-II/LC3-I and P62 were also significantly reduced in high glucose-treated rat Schwann cell 96 (RSC96) cells compared with normal glucose-treated cells. Furthermore, we found that trichostatin A [an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC)] evidently improved LC3-II/LC3-I in high glucose-treated RSC96 cells, without an effect on P62 expression. Again, HDAC1 and HDAC5 were revealed to be increased in RSC96 cells stimulated with high glucose. Inhibition of HDAC1 but not HDAC5 by small hairpin RNA vector enhanced LC3-II/LC3-I in high glucose-cultured RSC96 cells. In addition, LC3-II conversion regulators [autophagy-related protein (Atg)3, Atg5, and Atg7] were detected in high glucose-treated and HDAC1-knockdown RSC96 cells, and Atg3 was proven to be the key target of HDAC1. The presuppression of Atg3 offset the improvement of LC3-II/LC3-I resulting from HDAC1 inhibition in high glucose-treated RSC96 cells. The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway was activated in RSC96 cells treated with high glucose, which was indicated by increased STAT3 phosphorylation. Blocking STAT3 phosphorylation by chemical inhibitor AG490 induced HDAC1 down-regulation followed by increases in Atg3 and LC3-II/LC3-I. Interestingly, we also found that AG490 treatment enhanced P62 expression in high glucose-stimulated RSC96 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that hyperglycemia inhibits LC3-II/LC3-I in an HDAC1-Atg3-dependent manner and decreases P62 expression in an HDAC-independent manner via the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway in the Schwann cells of DPN.-Du, W., Wang, N., Li, F. Jia, K., An, J., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, L., Zhao, S. Hao, J. STAT3 phosphorylation mediates high glucose-impaired cell autophagy in an HDAC1-dependent and -independent manner in Schwann cells of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Keqi Jia
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiahui An
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Electromyogram, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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7
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Nazeri E, Gouran Savadkoohi M, Majidzadeh-A K, Esmaeili R. Chondrosarcoma: An overview of clinical behavior, molecular mechanisms mediated drug resistance and potential therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 131:102-109. [PMID: 30293700 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are known as a heterogeneous class of cancers arisen in the connective tissues and demonstrated various histological subtypes including both soft tissue and bone origin. Chondrosarcoma is one of the main types of bone sarcoma that shows a considerable deficiency in response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While conventional treatment based on surgery, chemo-and radiotherapy are used in this tumor, high rate of death especially among children and adolescents are reported. Due to high resistance to current conventional therapies in chondrosarcoma, there is an urgent requirement to recognize factors causing resistance and discover new strategies for optimal treatment. In the past decade, dysregulation of genes associated with tumor development and therapy resistance has been studied to find potential therapeutic targets to overcome resistance. In this review, clinical aspects of chondrosarcoma are summarized. Moreover, it gives a summary of gene dysregulation, mutation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs associated with tumor development and therapeutic response modulation. Finally, the probable role of tumor microenvironment in chondrosarcoma drug resistance and targeted therapies as a promising molecular therapeutic approach are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Nazeri
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rezvan Esmaeili
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Gorska-Ponikowska M, Kuban-Jankowska A, Daca A, Nussberger S. 2-Methoxyestradiol Reverses the Pro-Carcinogenic Effect of L-Lactate in Osteosarcoma 143B Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 14:483-493. [PMID: 29109098 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM According to the reverse Warburg effect, tumor cells may metabolize lactate as an energy source and shuttle L-lactate to neighboring cancer cells, adjacent stroma, and vascular endothelial cells, thus inducing metabolic reprogramming. An increased tumor L-lactate level strictly correlates with increased metastasis, tumor recurrence and a poor outcome. A potent anticancer agent that may act on L-lactate activated cells is 2-metoxyestradiol. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether a potent anticancer agent, 2-methoxyestradiol, is able to reverse L-lactate-induced metabolic reprogramming in osteosarcoma 143B cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used flow cytometry in order to determine cell death, autophagy, expression of KI-67, mitochondrial membrane depolarization. We performed cell proliferation assay in order to determine cell viability and cell migration assay to determine invasive potential of osteosarcoma cells. While, CalcuSyn software was used in order to evaluate the interaction between 2-methoxyestradiol and L-lactate. RESULTS We demonstrated that 2-methoxyestradiol abolished L-lactate-induced migration and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, we observed that this effect was associated with regulation of Ki-67 and induction of autophagy. CONCLUSION 2-Methoxyestradiol is a potent anticancer agent also under metabolic reprogramming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland .,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stephan Nussberger
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Hamzawy M, Gouda SAA, Rashed L, Morcos MA, Shoukry H, Sharawy N. 22-oxacalcitriol prevents acute kidney injury via inhibition of apoptosis and enhancement of autophagy. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 23:43-55. [PMID: 29968126 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is thought to include a complex interplay between tubular cell damage and regeneration. Several lines of evidences suggest a potential renoprotective effect of vitamin D. In this study, we investigated the effect of 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT), a synthetic vitamin D analogue, on renal fate in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) induced acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT) was administered via intraperitoneal (IP) injection before ischemia, and continued after IRI that was performed through bilateral clamping of the renal pedicles. 96 h after reperfusion, rats were sacrificed for the evaluation of autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, assessments of toll-like receptors (TLR), interferon gamma (IFN-g) and sodium-hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1) were also performed to examine their relations to OCT-mediated cell response. RESULTS Treatment with OCT-attenuated functional deterioration and histological damage in IRI induced AKI, and significantly decreased cell apoptosis and fibrosis. In comparison with IRI rats, OCT + IRI rats manifested a significant exacerbation of autophagy as well as reduced cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the administration of OCT decreased IRI-induced upregulation of TLR4, IFN-g and NHE-1. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that treatment with OCT has a renoprotective effect in ischemic AKI, possibly by suppressing cell loss. Changes in the expression of IFN-g and NHE-1 could partially link OCT to the cell survival-promoted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Hamzawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo University, AlSaray Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Sarah Ali Abdelhameed Gouda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo University, AlSaray Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mary Attia Morcos
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Shoukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo University, AlSaray Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo University, AlSaray Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt. .,Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
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10
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Nel M, Joubert AM, Dohle W, Potter BV, Theron AE. Modes of cell death induced by tetrahydroisoquinoline-based analogs in MDA-MB-231 breast and A549 lung cancer cell lines. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1881-1904. [PMID: 29983544 PMCID: PMC6025772 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s152718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background A and B rings of the steroidal microtubule disruptor, 2-methoxyestradiol, and its analogs can be mimicked with a tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) core. THIQs are cytotoxic agents with potential anticancer activities. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the modes of cell death induced by four nonsteroidal THIQ-based analogs, such as STX 2895, STX 3329, STX 3451 and STX 3450, on MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast and A549 epithelial lung carcinoma cells. Materials and methods Cytotoxicity studies determined the half-maximal growth inhibitory concentration of the analogs to be at nanomolar concentrations without the induction of necrosis. Light and fluorescent microscopy determined that compounds caused microtubule depolymerization and displayed morphological hallmarks of apoptosis. Results Flow cytometric analyses confirmed apoptosis induction as well as an increased G2/M phase on cell cycle analysis. Furthermore, intrinsic pathway signaling was implicated due to increased cytochrome c release and a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Potential involvement of autophagy was observed due to increased acidic vacuole formation and increased aggresome activation factor. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that these four THIQ-based analogs exert anti-proliferative and antimitotic effects, induce apoptosis and involve autophagic processes. Further investigation into the efficacy of these potential anticancer drugs will be conducted in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Nel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,
| | - Anna M Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barry Vl Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne E Theron
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,
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Perut F, Sbrana FV, Avnet S, De Milito A, Baldini N. Spheroid-based 3D cell cultures identify salinomycin as a promising drug for the treatment of chondrosarcoma. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2305-2312. [PMID: 29469166 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a cartilage malignancy of adulthood that is treated by surgery alone, since chemotherapy is considered ineffective. Unfortunately, a large proportion of patients with CS develop lung metastases, and several die of the disease. In this study, we compared 3D-spheroid cultures and conventional cell monolayer models in order to identify the best way to select anticancer agents that could be effective for the systemic control of CS. Using SW1353 cells, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture model to mimic in vivo features of CS microenvironment and evaluated the efficacy of different drugs to modulate CS cell proliferation and survival in 2D versus 3D-cultures. Doxorubicin (DXR) and cisplatin, that are widely employed in sarcomas, were less effective on 3D-CS spheroids when compared to standard monolayer models, whereas treatment with the ionophore salinomycin (SAL) had a strong cytotoxic effect both on 2D and 3D-cultures. Furthermore, as demonstrated by the reduced viability and the enhanced DXR nuclear localization, SAL enhanced DXR cytotoxicity in 3D-CS spheroids also at sub-lethal doses. SAL activity on 3D-CS spheroids was mediated by a significant induction of apoptosis via caspase activation. This study demonstrates that preclinical tests significantly differ in monolayer and 3D cultures of CS cells. Using this approach, SAL, alone or, at sub-lethal concentrations, in combination with DXR, represents a promising agent for the systemic treatment of CS. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perut
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Francesca V Sbrana
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Angelo De Milito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy
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12
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Autophagy as a potential target for sarcoma treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:40-50. [PMID: 28242349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a constitutively active, evolutionary conserved, catabolic process for maintaining homeostasis in cellular stress responses and cell survival. Although its mechanism has not been fully illustrated, recent work on autophagy in various types of sarcomas has demonstrated that autophagy exerts an important role in sarcoma cell growth and proliferation, in pro-survival response to therapies and stresses, and in therapeutic resistance of sarcoma. Thus, the autophagic process is being seen as a possibly novel therapeutic target of sarcoma. Additionally, some co-regulators of autophagy have also been investigated as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of sarcoma. In this review, we summarize contemporary advances in the role of autophagy in sarcoma and discuss the potential of autophagy as a new target for sarcoma treatment.
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Long Q, Li X, He H, He D. Autophagy activation protects shock wave induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis may through modulation of Akt/ GSK-3β pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1461-1471. [PMID: 27994511 PMCID: PMC5166488 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is well documented to exert destructive effect to renal cells and its mechanism is not clear. Autophagy is one of cell basic response for stressful conditions and it is important to determine cell's fate. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of autophagy in the process of shock wave-induced renal cells injury. Methods: NRK-52E cell, a rat renal tubular epithelial cell, was exposed to shock wave at the voltage of 14KV. GFP-LC3 puncta was used to monitor Autophagy flux in the process of shock wave injury. Autophagic relative proteins, such as light chain 3 (LC3), beclin-1 and p62, were also examined. Cell variability and apoptosis were detected when inhibition autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3MA) or stimulating its activity with rapamycin during the process of shock wave injury. The role of Akt/ GSK-3β and its connection with autophagy in the process of shock wave injury were also investigated. Results: Shock wave was confirmed to activate autophagy in renal cells, which was manifested in LC3-II turnover, beclin-1 induction and degradation of p62. Inhibition autophagy enhanced cell damage or apoptosis, whereas its stimulating was able to exert protection from shock wave injury. Akt/ GSK-3β, a cell-survival signaling pathway, can also be activated during the process. And its activation could be suppressed by blockade autophagy. Conclusion: Autophagy is a self-protective response for renal cells from shock wave injury. The cyto-protection of autophagy may be connected with modulation Akt/ GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Long
- Department of Urology, First affiliated hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, First affiliated hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Urology, First affiliated hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, First affiliated hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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