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Smith IM, Stroka KM. The multifaceted role of aquaporins in physiological cell migration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C208-C223. [PMID: 37246634 PMCID: PMC10312321 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00502.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential process that underlies many physiological processes, including the immune response, organogenesis in the embryo, and angiogenesis, as well as pathological processes such as cancer metastasis. Cells have at their disposal a variety of migratory behaviors and mechanisms that seem to be specific to cell type and the microenvironment. Research over the past two decades has elucidated the water channel protein family of aquaporins (AQPs) as a regulator of many cell migration-related processes, from physical phenomena to biological signaling pathways. The roles that AQPs play in cell migration are both cell type- and isoform-specific; thus, a large swath of information has accumulated as researchers seek to identify the responses across these distinct variables. There does not seem to be a universal role that AQPs play in cell migration; the complex interplay between AQPs and cell volume management, signaling pathway activation, and in a few identified circumstances, gene expression regulation, has shown the intricate, and perhaps paradoxical, role of AQPs in cell migration. The objective of this review is to provide an organized and integrated collection of recent work that has elucidated the many mechanisms by which AQPs regulate cell migration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Research has elucidated the water channel protein family of aquaporins (AQPs) as a regulator of many cell migration-related processes, from physical phenomena to biological signaling pathways. The roles that AQPs play in cell migration are both cell type- and isoform-specific; thus, a large swath of information has accumulated as researchers seek to identify the responses across these distinct variables. This review compiles insights into the recent findings linking AQPs to physiological cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Smith
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Kimberly M Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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2
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Insight into the Mammalian Aquaporin Interactome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179615. [PMID: 36077012 PMCID: PMC9456110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channels expressed in all living organisms. AQPs facilitate osmotically driven water flux across biological membranes and, in some cases, the movement of small molecules (such as glycerol, urea, CO2, NH3, H2O2). Protein-protein interactions play essential roles in protein regulation and function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the AQP interactomes and addresses the molecular basis and functional significance of these protein-protein interactions in health and diseases. Targeting AQP interactomes may offer new therapeutic avenues as targeting individual AQPs remains challenging despite intense efforts.
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3
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Koç Ş. A possible follow-up method for diabetic heart failure patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14794. [PMID: 34482595 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma osmolarity is maintained through various mechanisms. The osmolarity of the aqueous humor around the crystalline lens is correlated with plasma osmolarity. A vacuole can be formed in the lens upon changes in osmolarity. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are new in the treatment of heart failure. They can cause osmotic diuresis but do not affect plasma osmolarity. OBJECTIVE It is unclear if the presence or absence of lens vacuole changes can monitor diabetic heart failure and SGLT2i treatment efficacy. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles about osmolarity, diabetes, transient receptor potential vanilloid channel, diabetic heart failure, lens vacuoles up to May 2021. MAIN MESSAGE The effect of SGLT2i on osmosis underlies its benefit to heart failure, but this in turn affects many other mechanisms. Failure to experience osmolarity changes will reduce the negative changes in terms of heart failure affected by osmolarity. A practical observable method is needed. CONCLUSIONS There is a possibility of using lens vacuoles in the follow-up of diabetic heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şahbender Koç
- University of Health Sciences, Keçiören Education and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Pizzoni A, Bazzi Z, Di Giusto G, Alvarez CL, Rivarola V, Capurro C, Schwarzbaum PJ, Ford P. Release of ATP by TRPV4 activation is dependent upon the expression of AQP2 in renal cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2559-2571. [PMID: 33094506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that aquaporins (AQPs) exert an influence in cell signaling by the interplay with the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel. We previously found that TRPV4 physically and functionally interacts with AQP2 in cortical collecting ducts (CCD) cells, favoring cell volume regulation and cell migration. Because TRPV4 was implicated in ATP release in several tissues, we investigated the possibility that TRPV4/AQP2 interaction influences ATP release in CCD cells. Using two CCD cell lines expressing or not AQP2, we measured extracellular ATP (ATPe) under TRPV4 activation and intracellular Ca2+ under ATP addition. We found that AQP2 is critical for the release of ATP induced by TRPV4 activation. This ATP release occurs by an exocytic and a conductive route. ATPe, in turn, stimulates purinergic receptors leading to ATPe-induced ATP release by a Ca2+ -dependent mechanism. We propose that AQP2 by modulating Ca2+ and ATP differently could explain AQP2-increased cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pizzoni
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay" (IFIBIO-HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zaher Bazzi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisico-Química Biológicas (IQUIFIB) "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini," Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Cátedra de Química Biológica Superior, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Di Giusto
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay" (IFIBIO-HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cora L Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisico-Química Biológicas (IQUIFIB) "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini," Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Cátedra de Química Biológica Superior, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Rivarola
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay" (IFIBIO-HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Capurro
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay" (IFIBIO-HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo J Schwarzbaum
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisico-Química Biológicas (IQUIFIB) "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini," Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Cátedra de Química Biológica Superior, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Ford
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay" (IFIBIO-HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Boyd-Shiwarski CR, Weaver CJ, Beacham RT, Shiwarski DJ, Connolly KA, Nkashama LJ, Mutchler SM, Griffiths SE, Knoell SA, Sebastiani RS, Ray EC, Marciszyn AL, Subramanya AR. Effects of extreme potassium stress on blood pressure and renal tubular sodium transport. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1341-F1356. [PMID: 32281415 PMCID: PMC7311711 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00527.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized mouse blood pressure and ion transport in the setting of commonly used rodent diets that drive K+ intake to the extremes of deficiency and excess. Male 129S2/Sv mice were fed either K+-deficient, control, high-K+ basic, or high-KCl diets for 10 days. Mice maintained on a K+-deficient diet exhibited no change in blood pressure, whereas K+-loaded mice developed an ~10-mmHg blood pressure increase. Following challenge with NaCl, K+-deficient mice developed a salt-sensitive 8 mmHg increase in blood pressure, whereas blood pressure was unchanged in mice fed high-K+ diets. Notably, 10 days of K+ depletion induced diabetes insipidus and upregulation of phosphorylated NaCl cotransporter, proximal Na+ transporters, and pendrin, likely contributing to the K+-deficient NaCl sensitivity. While the anionic content with high-K+ diets had distinct effects on transporter expression along the nephron, both K+ basic and KCl diets had a similar increase in blood pressure. The blood pressure elevation on high-K+ diets correlated with increased Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and γ-epithelial Na+ channel expression and increased urinary response to furosemide and amiloride. We conclude that the dietary K+ maneuvers used here did not recapitulate the inverse effects of K+ on blood pressure observed in human epidemiological studies. This may be due to the extreme degree of K+ stress, the low-Na+-to-K+ ratio, the duration of treatment, and the development of other coinciding events, such as diabetes insipidus. These factors must be taken into consideration when studying the physiological effects of dietary K+ loading and depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary R. Boyd-Shiwarski
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claire J. Weaver
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca T. Beacham
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J. Shiwarski
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A. Connolly
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lubika J. Nkashama
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie M. Mutchler
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn E. Griffiths
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sophia A. Knoell
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Romano S. Sebastiani
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan C. Ray
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison L. Marciszyn
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arohan R. Subramanya
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,3Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,4Veterans Administration, Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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Na +/H + exchanger isoform 1 activity in AQP2-expressing cells can be either proliferative or anti-proliferative depending on extracellular pH. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 76:37-48. [PMID: 31811544 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown in renal cells that expression of the water channel Aquaporin-2 increases cell proliferation by a regulatory volume mechanism involving Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 2. Here, we investigated if Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) also modulates Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1-dependent cell proliferation. We use two AQP2-expressing cortical collecting duct models: one constitutive (WT or AQP2-transfected RCCD1 cell line) and one inducible (control or vasopressin-induced mpkCCDc14 cell line). We found that Aquaporin-2 modifies Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) contribution to cell proliferation. In Aquaporin-2-expressing cells, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 is anti-proliferative at physiological pH. In acid media, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 contribution turned from anti-proliferative to proliferative only in AQP2-expressing cells. We also found that, in AQP2-expressing cells, NHE1-dependent proliferation changes parallel changes in stress fiber levels: at pH 7.4, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 would favor stress fiber disassembly and, under acidosis, NHE1 would favor stress fiber assembly. Moreover, we found that Na+/H+ exchanger-dependent effects on proliferation linked to Aquaporin-2 relied on Transient Receptor Potential Subfamily V calcium channel activity. In conclusion, our data show that, in collecting duct cells, the water channel Aquaporin-2 modulates NHE1-dependent cell proliferation. In AQP2-expressing cells, at physiological pH, the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 function is anti-proliferative and, at acidic pH, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 function is proliferative. We propose that Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 modulates proliferation through an interplay with stress fiber formation.
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Maltaneri RE, Schiappacasse A, Chamorro ME, Nesse AB, Vittori DC. Aquaporin-1 plays a key role in erythropoietin-induced endothelial cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118569. [PMID: 31676353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Water influx through aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) has been linked to the ability of different cell types to migrate, and therefore plays an important part in processes like metastasis and angiogenesis. Since the erythroid growth factor erythropoietin (Epo) is now recognized as an angiogenesis promoter, we investigated the participation of AQP-1 as a downstream effector of this cytokine in the migration of endothelial cells. Inhibition of AQP-1 with either mercury ions (Hg2+) or a specific siRNA led to an impaired migration of EA.hy926 endothelial cells exposed to Epo (wound-healing assays). Epo also induced the expression of AQP-1 at mRNA and protein levels, an effect which was dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium through L-type calcium channels as well as TRPC3 channels. The relationship between Epo and AQP-1 was further confirmed at shorter exposure times, as the cytokine was unable to trigger calcium influxes in cells where AQP-1 had previously been knocked down. Moreover, Epo promoted changes in the subcellular localization of AQP-1 as well as rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton, which are consistent with a migratory phenotype. Worthy of note, carbamylated erythropoietin (cEpo), the non-erythropoietic and non-promigratory derivative of Epo, was incapable of AQP-1 modulation. The therapeutical implications of aquaporin targeting in angiogenesis-related diseases highlight the importance of the present results in the context of the relationship between AQP-1 and Epo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina E Maltaneri
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto del Departamento de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Schiappacasse
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto del Departamento de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Chamorro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto del Departamento de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alcira B Nesse
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto del Departamento de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela C Vittori
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto del Departamento de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Di Giusto G, Pizzoni A, Rivarola V, Beltramone N, White A, Ford P, Capurro C. Aquaporin‐2 and Na
+
/H
+
exchanger isoform 1 modulate the efficiency of renal cell migration. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4443-4454. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Di Giusto
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO‐HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alejandro Pizzoni
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO‐HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Valeria Rivarola
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO‐HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Natalia Beltramone
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO‐HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alan White
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO‐HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Paula Ford
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO‐HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Claudia Capurro
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Bernardo Houssay” (IFIBIO‐HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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9
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Verkerk AO, Lodder EM, Wilders R. Aquaporin Channels in the Heart-Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082039. [PMID: 31027200 PMCID: PMC6514906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels expressed in a large variety of cells and tissues throughout the body. They are known as water channels, but they also facilitate the transport of small solutes, gasses, and monovalent cations. To date, 13 different AQPs, encoded by the genes AQP0–AQP12, have been identified in mammals, which regulate various important biological functions in kidney, brain, lung, digestive system, eye, and skin. Consequently, dysfunction of AQPs is involved in a wide variety of disorders. AQPs are also present in the heart, even with a specific distribution pattern in cardiomyocytes, but whether their presence is essential for proper (electro)physiological cardiac function has not intensively been studied. This review summarizes recent findings and highlights the involvement of AQPs in normal and pathological cardiac function. We conclude that AQPs are at least implicated in proper cardiac water homeostasis and energy balance as well as heart failure and arsenic cardiotoxicity. However, this review also demonstrates that many effects of cardiac AQPs, especially on excitation-contraction coupling processes, are virtually unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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