1
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Cyriac R, Lee K. Glutaminase inhibition as potential cancer therapeutics: current status and future applications. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2290911. [PMID: 38078371 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2290911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in normal metabolic processes are defining features of cancer. Glutamine, an abundant amino acid in the human blood, plays a critical role in regulating several biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways that support tumour growth. Glutaminolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glutamine into various metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and generates antioxidants that are vital for tumour cell survival. As glutaminase catalyses the initial step of this metabolic pathway, it is of great significance in cancer metabolism and tumour progression. Inhibition of glutaminase and targeting of glutaminolysis have emerged as promising strategies for cancer therapy. This review explores the role of glutaminases in cancer metabolism and discusses various glutaminase inhibitors developed as potential therapies for tumour regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajath Cyriac
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, Korea National University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, Korea National University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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2
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Dai Y, Li J, Wang T, Zhang X, Du P, Dong Y, Jiao Z. Self-assembled metal-polyphenolic based multifunctional nanomedicine to improve therapy treatment of pancreatic cancer by inhibition of glutamine metabolism. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 244:114162. [PMID: 39178515 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant threat to human health and life. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are effective treatments for cancer. However, the presence of metabolic reprogramming via glutamine in tumor cells limits their therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, we propose an effective assembly strategy to synthesize a novel metal-polyphenolic based multifunctional nanomedicine (Fe-DBEF) containing Pluronic F127 stable ferric ion crosslinked epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) nanoparticles loaded with GLS1 inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) and chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). Our study demonstrates that Fe-DBEF nanomedicine exhibits high efficiency anti-proliferation properties in pancreatic cancer through a combination of in vitro cell experiments, human organoid experiments and KPC animal experiments. Notably, Fe-DBEF nanomedicine can reduce the production of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, thereby reducing their resistance to ROS therapy. Additionally, excessive ROS production also aggravates DNA damage caused by DOX, synergistically sensitizing chemotherapy and promoting apoptosis for efficient treatment of pancreatic cancer. Overall, our findings suggest that inhibiting glutamine metabolism to increase the sensitivity of chemotherapy/CDT using metal-polyphenolic based multifunctional nanomedicine provides a promising combination of multiple therapeutic means for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jieru Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuman Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province High-Altitude High-Incidence Cancer Biobank, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Zuoyi Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province High-Altitude High-Incidence Cancer Biobank, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Zhang J, Chen M, Yang Y, Liu Z, Guo W, Xiang P, Zeng Z, Wang D, Xiong W. Amino acid metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment and its implication for cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38946173 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential building blocks for proteins, crucial energy sources for cell survival, and key signaling molecules supporting the resistant growth of tumor cells. In tumor cells, amino acid metabolic reprogramming is characterized by the enhanced uptake of amino acids as well as their aberrant synthesis, breakdown, and transport, leading to immune evasion and malignant progression of tumor cells. This article reviews the altered amino acid metabolism in tumor cells and its impact on tumor microenvironment, and also provides an overview of the current clinical applications of amino acid metabolism. Innovative drugs targeting amino acid metabolism hold great promise for precision and personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanni Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingjuan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Gao L, Wei Z, Ying F, Huang L, Zhang J, Sun S, Wang Z, Cai J, Zhang Y. Glutamine metabolism prognostic index predicts tumour microenvironment characteristics and therapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18198. [PMID: 38506093 PMCID: PMC10951877 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has highlighted the multifunctional characteristics of glutamine metabolism (GM) in cancer initiation, progression and therapeutic regimens. However, the overall role of GM in the tumour microenvironment (TME), clinical stratification and therapeutic efficacy in patients with ovarian cancer (OC) has not been fully elucidated. Here, three distinct GM clusters were identified and exhibited different prognostic values, biological functions and immune infiltration in TME. Subsequently, glutamine metabolism prognostic index (GMPI) was constructed as a new scoring model to quantify the GM subtypes and was verified as an independent predictor of OC. Patients with low-GMPI exhibited favourable survival outcomes, lower enrichment of several oncogenic pathways, less immunosuppressive cell infiltration and better immunotherapy responses. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed a unique evolutionary trajectory of OC cells from high-GMPI to low-GMPI, and OC cells with different GMPI might communicate with distinct cell populations through ligand-receptor interactions. Critically, the therapeutic efficacy of several drug candidates was validated based on patient-derived organoids (PDOs). The proposed GMPI could serve as a reliable signature for predicting patient prognosis and contribute to optimising therapeutic strategies for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Feiquan Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jingni Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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5
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Yaqing X, Yang G, Linlin Y, Youqing R, Henghui Y, Ping Y, Hongying Y, Shaojia W. Identification of different subtypes of ovarian cancer and construction of prognostic models based on glutamine-metabolism associated genes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27358. [PMID: 38509907 PMCID: PMC10950510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is common malignant tumor of female reproductive system. Glutamine metabolism-related genes (GMRGs) play a key role in ovarian cancer. Here, available database-- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were applied in our research. OC samples from TCGA were divided into different clusters based on Cox analysis, which filtering GMRGs with survival information. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these clusters were intersected with DEGs between normal ovary samples and OC samples, and GMRGs in order to obtain GMRGs-related DEGs. Next, a risk model of OC was constructed and enrichment analysis of risk model was performed based on hallmark gene set. Besides, the immune cells ratio in OC samples were detected via Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT). Finally, we explored a series of potential biomarkers of OC. In this research, 9 GMRGs-related DEGs were obtained. GMRGs-related DEGs were enriched to canonical Wnt signaling pathway.NKD2, C2orf88, and KLHDC8A, which were significantly associated with prognosis, were retained for risk model construction. Based on the risk model, 18 hallmark pathways with significant difference were enriched. Fifteen types of immune cells (such as iDC, NK CD56dim cells, and neutrophils) enjoying significant difference between these 2 risk groups (high risk group vs. low risk group) were detected, which indicates possible disparate TME in different metabolic subtypes of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Linlin
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ruan Youqing
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yang Henghui
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yang Ping
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yang Hongying
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Wang Shaojia
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
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6
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Fan Y, Xue H, Li Z, Huo M, Gao H, Guan X. Exploiting the Achilles' heel of cancer: disrupting glutamine metabolism for effective cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345522. [PMID: 38510646 PMCID: PMC10952006 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have adapted to rapid tumor growth and evade immune attack by reprogramming their metabolic pathways. Glutamine is an important nitrogen resource for synthesizing amino acids and nucleotides and an important carbon source in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and lipid biosynthesis pathway. In this review, we summarize the significant role of glutamine metabolism in tumor development and highlight the vulnerabilities of targeting glutamine metabolism for effective therapy. In particular, we review the reported drugs targeting glutaminase and glutamine uptake for efficient cancer treatment. Moreover, we discuss the current clinical test about targeting glutamine metabolism and the prospective direction of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Han Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingge Huo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Xingang Guan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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7
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Farook MR, Croxford Z, Morgan S, Horlock AD, Holt AK, Rees A, Jenkins BJ, Tse C, Stanton E, Davies DM, Thornton CA, Jones N, Sheldon IM, Vincent EE, Cronin JG. Loss of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 supports proline-dependent proliferation and collagen biosynthesis in ovarian cancer. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101900. [PMID: 38354856 PMCID: PMC10885617 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate transporter MPC1 (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1) acts as a tumour-suppressor, loss of which correlates with a pro-tumorigenic phenotype and poor survival in several tumour types. In high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC), patients display copy number loss of MPC1 in around 78% of cases and reduced MPC1 mRNA expression. To explore the metabolic effect of reduced expression, we demonstrate that depleting MPC1 in HGSOC cell lines drives expression of key proline biosynthetic genes; PYCR1, PYCR2 and PYCR3, and biosynthesis of proline. We show that altered proline metabolism underpins cancer cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and type I and type VI collagen formation in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, exploring The Cancer Genome Atlas, we discovered the PYCR3 isozyme to be highly expressed in a third of HGSOC patients, which was associated with more aggressive disease and diagnosis at a younger age. Taken together, our study highlights that targeting proline metabolism is a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rufaik Farook
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Zack Croxford
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Steffan Morgan
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Horlock
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Amy K Holt
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - April Rees
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Tse
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stanton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - D Mark Davies
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, South-West Wales Cancer Centre, Singleton Hospital, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E Vincent
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
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Kookli K, Soleimani KT, Amr EF, Ehymayed HM, Zabibah RS, Daminova SB, Saadh MJ, Alsaikhan F, Adil M, Ali MS, Mohtashami S, Akhavan-Sigari R. Role of microRNA-146a in cancer development by regulating apoptosis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155050. [PMID: 38199132 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite great advances in diagnostic and treatment options for cancer, like chemotherapy surgery, and radiation therapy it continues to remain a major global health concern. Further research is necessary to find new biomarkers and possible treatment methods for cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), tiny non-coding RNAs found naturally in the body, can influence the activity of several target genes. These genes are often disturbed in diseases like cancer, which perturbs functions like differentiation, cell division, cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation. MiR-146a is a commonly and widely used miRNA that is often overexpressed in malignant tumors. The expression of miR-146a has been correlated with many pathological and physiological changes in cancer cells, such as the regulation of various cell death paths. It's been established that the control of cell death pathways has a huge influence on cancer progression. To improve our understanding of the interrelationship between miRNAs and cancer cell apoptosis, it's necessary to explore the impact of miRNAs through the alteration in their expression levels. Research has demonstrated that the appearance and spread of cancer can be mitigated by moderating the expression of certain miRNA - a commencement of treatment that presents a hopeful approach in managing cancer. Consequently, it is essential to explore the implications of miR-146a with respect to inducing different forms of tumor cell death, and evaluate its potential to serve as a target for improved chemotherapy outcomes. Through this review, we provide an outline of miR-146a's biogenesis and function, as well as its significant involvement in apoptosis. As well, we investigate the effects of exosomal miR-146a on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells and look into how it could possibly help combat chemotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keihan Kookli
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Eman Fathy Amr
- College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Shakhnoza B Daminova
- Department of Prevention of Dental Diseases, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific affairs, Tashkent Medical Pediatric Institute, Bogishamol Street 223, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; School of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Saghar Mohtashami
- University of California Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Singh P, Yadav R, Verma M, Chhabra R. Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect of hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-203a-5p on Imatinib-Resistant K562 Cells by GC/MS Metabolomics Method. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2117-2126. [PMID: 37706267 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib (IM) resistance is considered to be a significant challenge in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Previous studies have reported that hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-203a-5p can overcome IM resistance and hsa-miR-203a-5p can alter glutathione metabolism in IM-resistant cells. The purpose of this study was to examine whether hsa-miR-145-5p or hsa-miR-203a-5p counters IM resistance by targeting the overall metabolic profile of IM-resistant K562 cells. The metablic profiling of cell lysates obtained from IM-sensitive, IM-resistant, and miR-transfected IM-resistant K562 cells was carried out using the GC-MS technique. Overall, 75 major metabolites were detected, of which 32 were present in all samples. The pathway analysis of MetaboAnalyst 5.0 revealed that the majorly enriched pathways included glucose metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, lipogenesis, and nucleotide metabolism. Eleven of identified metabolites, l-glutamine, l-glutamic acid, l-lactic acid, phosphoric acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, cholesterol, and β-alanine, appeared in enriched pathways. IM-resistant cells had comparatively higher concentrations of all of these metabolites. Notably, the introduction of hsa-miR-145-5p or hsa-miR-203a-5p into resistant cells resulted in a decrease in levels of these metabolites. The efficacy of miR-203a-5p was particularly remarkable in comparison with miR-145-5p, as evidenced by partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), which showed a high level of similarity in metabolic profile between IM-sensitive K562 cells and IM-resistant cells transfected with hsa-miR-203a-5p. The results indicate that GC-MS-based metabolic profiling has the potential to distinguish between drug-resistant and -sensitive cells. This approach can also be used to routinely monitor therapeutic response in drug-resistant patients, thus, enabling personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Radheshyam Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Malkhey Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ravindresh Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
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10
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Polónia B, Xavier CPR, Kopecka J, Riganti C, Vasconcelos MH. The role of Extracellular Vesicles in glycolytic and lipid metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells: Consequences for drug resistance. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:150-162. [PMID: 37225643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to adapt to a higher proliferative rate and an increased demand for energy sources, cancer cells rewire their metabolic pathways, a process currently recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Even though the metabolism of glucose is perhaps the most discussed metabolic shift in cancer, lipid metabolic alterations have been recently recognized as relevant players in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Importantly, some of these metabolic alterations are reported to induce a drug resistant phenotype in cancer cells. The acquisition of drug resistance traits severely hinders cancer treatment, being currently considered one of the major challenges of the oncological field. Evidence suggests that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which play a crucial role in intercellular communication, may act as facilitators of tumour progression, survival and drug resistance by modulating several aspects involved in the metabolism of cancer cells. This review aims to gather and discuss relevant data regarding metabolic reprograming in cancer, particularly involving the glycolytic and lipid alterations, focusing on its influence on drug resistance and highlighting the relevance of EVs as intercellular mediators of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Polónia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology "G. Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Yan J, Xu F, Zhou D, Zhang S, Zhang B, Meng Q, Lv Q. Metabolic reprogramming of three major nutrients in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1231460. [PMID: 37681030 PMCID: PMC10482409 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1231460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a phenomenon in which cancer cells alter their metabolic pathways to support their uncontrolled growth and survival. Platinum-based chemotherapy resistance is associated with changes in glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. These changes lead to the creation of metabolic intermediates that can provide precursors for the biosynthesis of cellular components and help maintain cellular energy homeostasis. This article reviews the research progress of the metabolic reprogramming mechanism of platinumbased chemotherapy resistance caused by three major nutrients in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbowen Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangzhi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiubo Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Lengauer F, Geisslinger F, Gabriel A, von Schwarzenberg K, Vollmar AM, Bartel K. A metabolic shift toward glycolysis enables cancer cells to maintain survival upon concomitant glutamine deprivation and V-ATPase inhibition. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1124678. [PMID: 37255933 PMCID: PMC10225586 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1124678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that most cancer cells display an increased reliance on glutaminolysis to sustain proliferation and survival. Combining glutamine deprivation with additional anti-cancer therapies is an intensively investigated approach to increase therapeutic effectiveness. In this study, we examined a combination of glutamine deprivation by starvation or pharmacological tools, with the anti-cancer agent archazolid, an inhibitor of the lysosomal V-ATPase. We show that glutamine deprivation leads to lysosomal acidification and induction of pro-survival autophagy, which could be prevented by archazolid. Surprisingly, a combination of glutamine deprivation with archazolid did not lead to synergistic induction of cell death or reduction in proliferation. Investigating the underlying mechanisms revealed elevated expression and activity of amino acid transporters SLC1A5, SLC38A1 upon starvation, whereas archazolid had no additional effect. Furthermore, we found that the export of lysosomal glutamine derived from exogenous sources plays no role in the phenotype as knock-down of SLC38A7, the lysosomal glutamine exporter, could not increase V-ATPase inhibition-induced cell death or reduce proliferation. Analysis of the cellular metabolic phenotype revealed that glutamine deprivation led to a significant increase in glycolytic activity, indicated by an elevated glycolytic capacity and reserve, when V-ATPase function was inhibited concomitantly. This was confirmed by increased glutamine uptake, augmented lactate production, and an increase in hexokinase activity. Our study, therefore, provides evidence, that glutamine deprivation induces autophagy, which can be prevented by simultaneous inhibition of V-ATPase function. However, this does not lead to a therapeutic benefit, as cells are able to circumvent cell death and growth inhibition by a metabolic shift toward glycolysis.
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13
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao G, Orsulic S, Matei D. Metabolic dependencies and targets in ovarian cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108413. [PMID: 37059310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells undergo metabolic adaptations to maintain tumorigenicity and survive under the attack of immune cells and chemotherapy in the tumor microenvironment. Metabolic alterations in ovarian cancer in part overlap with findings from other solid tumors and in part reflect unique traits. Altered metabolic pathways not only facilitate ovarian cancer cells' survival and proliferation but also endow them to metastasize, acquire resistance to chemotherapy, maintain cancer stem cell phenotype and escape the effects of anti-tumor immune defense. In this review, we comprehensively review the metabolic signatures of ovarian cancer and their impact on cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment. We highlight novel therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic pathways under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yinu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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14
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Ovarian Cancer and Glutamine Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055041. [PMID: 36902470 PMCID: PMC10003179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are known to have a distinct metabolic profile and to exhibit significant changes in a variety of metabolic mechanisms compared to normal cells, particularly glycolysis and glutaminolysis, in order to cover their increased energy requirements. There is mounting evidence that there is a link between glutamine metabolism and the proliferation of cancer cells, demonstrating that glutamine metabolism is a vital mechanism for all cellular processes, including the development of cancer. Detailed knowledge regarding its degree of engagement in numerous biological processes across distinct cancer types is still lacking, despite the fact that such knowledge is necessary for comprehending the differentiating characteristics of many forms of cancer. This review aims to examine data on glutamine metabolism and ovarian cancer and identify possible therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer treatment.
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15
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Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Obaid G, Ruhi MK, Demirci U, Fenton SE, Santos JH, Kessel D, Rizvi I. Photochemical Targeting of Mitochondria to Overcome Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:448-468. [PMID: 36117466 PMCID: PMC10043796 DOI: 10.1111/php.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a stubborn mortality rate of ~65%. The persistent failure of multiline chemotherapy, and significant tumor heterogeneity, has made it challenging to improve outcomes. A target of increasing interest is the mitochondrion because of its essential role in critical cellular functions, and the significance of metabolic adaptation in chemoresistance. This review describes mitochondrial processes, including metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial transfer and mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. The effect of malignant ascites, or excess peritoneal fluid, on mitochondrial function is discussed. The role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in overcoming mitochondria-mediated resistance is presented. PDT, a photochemistry-based modality, involves the light-based activation of a photosensitizer leading to the production of short-lived reactive molecular species and spatiotemporally confined photodamage to nearby organelles and biological targets. The consequential effects range from subcytotoxic priming of target cells for increased sensitivity to subsequent treatments, such as chemotherapy, to direct cell killing. This review discusses how PDT-based approaches can address key limitations of current treatments. Specifically, an overview of the mechanisms by which PDT alters mitochondrial function, and a summary of preclinical advancements and clinical PDT experience in ovarian cancer are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 95080, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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16
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Overview of Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010012. [PMID: 36613455 PMCID: PMC9819818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress in cancer treatment up to now, we are still far from conquering the disease. The most substantial change after the malignant transformation of normal cells into cancer cells is the alteration in their metabolism. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to support the elevated energy demand as well as the acquisition and maintenance of their malignancy, even in nutrient-poor environments. The metabolic alterations, even under aerobic conditions, such as the upregulation of the glucose uptake and glycolysis (the Warburg effect), increase the ROS (reactive oxygen species) and glutamine dependence, which are the prominent features of cancer metabolism. Among these metabolic alterations, high glutamine dependency has attracted serious attention in the cancer research community. In addition, the oncogenic signaling pathways of the well-known important genetic mutations play important regulatory roles, either directly or indirectly, in the central carbon metabolism. The identification of the convergent metabolic phenotypes is crucial to the targeting of cancer cells. In this review, we investigate the relationship between cancer metabolism and the signal transduction pathways, and we highlight the recent developments in anti-cancer therapy that target metabolism.
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17
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Yang X, Li Z, Ren H, Peng X, Fu J. New progress of glutamine metabolism in the occurrence, development, and treatment of ovarian cancer from mechanism to clinic. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1018642. [PMID: 36523985 PMCID: PMC9745299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1018642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that can be synthesized by cells. It plays a vital role in the growth and proliferation of mammalian cells cultured in vitro. In the process of tumor cell proliferation, glutamine not only contributes to protein synthesis but also serves as the primary nitrogen donor for purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Studies have shown that glutamine-addicted tumor cells depend on glutamine for survival and reprogram glutamine utilization through the Krebs cycle. Potential therapeutic approaches for ovarian cancer including blocking the entry of glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid cycle in highly aggressive ovarian cancer cells or inhibiting glutamine synthesis in less aggressive ovarian cancer cells. Glutamine metabolism is associated with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Combining platinum-based chemotherapy with inhibition of glutamine metabolic pathways may be a new strategy for treating ovarian cancer, especially drug-resistant ovarian cancer. This article reviews the role of glutamine metabolism in the biological behaviors of ovarian cancer cells, such as proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. Its potential use as a new target or biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnosis, treatment, and the prognosis is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanru Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Implications of a Neuronal Receptor Family, Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, in Cancer Development and Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182857. [PMID: 36139432 PMCID: PMC9496915 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death, and incidences are increasing globally. Simply defined, cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of a cell, and depending on the tissue of origin, the cancer etiology, biology, progression, prognosis, and treatment will differ. Carcinogenesis and its progression are associated with genetic factors that can either be inherited and/or acquired and are classified as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. Many of these genetic factors converge on common signaling pathway(s), such as the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. In this review, we will focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family, an upstream protein that transmits extracellular signals into the cell and has been shown to regulate many aspects of tumor development and progression. We explore the involvement of members of this receptor family in various cancers that include breast cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, kidney cancer, melanoma, oral cancer, osteosarcoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and T-cell cancers. Intriguingly, depending on the member, mGluRs can either be classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, although in general most act as an oncogene. The extensive work done to elucidate the role of mGluRs in various cancers suggests that it might be a viable strategy to therapeutically target glutamatergic signaling.
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19
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Fujimoto M, Higashiyama R, Yasui H, Yamashita K, Inanami O. Preclinical studies for improving radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines by combining glutaminase inhibition and senolysis. Transl Oncol 2022; 21:101431. [PMID: 35452996 PMCID: PMC9043980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glutaminolysis is common in cancer cells with mutations. The glutaminase inhibitor CB839 enhanced radiosensitivity in A549 and H460 cells. Glutaminolysis inhibition led to an increase in cell senescence. The Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT-263 induced transition from senescence to apoptosis. Combined glutaminolysis and senolysis may improve radiosensitivity in cancer cells.
Glutamine metabolism, known as glutaminolysis, is abnormally activated in many cancer cells with KRAS or BRAF mutations or active c-MYC. Glutaminolysis plays an important role in the proliferation of cancer cells with oncogenic mutations. In this study, we characterized radiation-induced cell death, which was enhanced by glutaminolysis inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer A549 and H460 cell lines with KRAS mutation. A clonogenic survival assay revealed that treatment with a glutaminase inhibitor, CB839, enhanced radiosensitivity. X-irradiation increased glutamate production, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and ATP production, whereas CB839 treatment suppressed these effects. The data suggest that the enhancement of glutaminolysis-dependent energy metabolism for ATP production is important for survival after X-irradiation. Evaluation of the cell death phenotype revealed that glutaminolysis inhibitory treatment with CB839 or a low-glutamine medium significantly promoted the proliferation of β-galactosidase-positive and IL-6/IL-8 secretory cells among X-irradiated tumor cells, corresponding to an increase in the senescent cell population. Furthermore, treatment with ABT263, a Bcl-2 family inhibitor, transformed senescent cells into apoptotic cells. The findings suggest that combination treatment with a glutaminolysis inhibitor and a senolytic drug is useful for efficient radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Ritsuko Higashiyama
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Koya Yamashita
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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20
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Tang E, Liu S, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Huang D, Gao T, Zhang T, Xu G. Therapeutic Potential of Glutamine Pathway in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:835141. [PMID: 35223460 PMCID: PMC8873175 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.835141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells tend to obtain the substances needed for their development depending on altering metabolic characteristics. Among the reorganized metabolic pathways, Glutamine pathway, reprogrammed to be involved in the physiological process including energy supply, biosynthesis and redox homeostasis, occupies an irreplaceable role in tumor cells and has become a hot topic in recent years. Lung cancer currently maintains a high morbidity and mortality rate among all types of tumors and has been a health challenge that researchers have longed to overcome. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the essential role of glutamine pathway played in the metabolism of lung cancer and its potential therapeutic value in the interventions of lung cancer.
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21
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Chen X, Chen Y, Zhang M, Cheng H, Mai H, Yi M, Xu H, Yuan X, Liu S, Wen F. HucMSC exosomes promoted imatinib-induced apoptosis in K562-R cells via a miR-145a-5p/USP6/GLS1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:92. [PMID: 35091542 PMCID: PMC8799639 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with increasing incidence worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) play a role in cancer treatment. Dysregulation of miR-146a has been found in both adult and pediatric patients with acute leukemia. Knockdown of glutaminase-1 (GLS1) resulted in inhibition of tumor growth. However, the role of miR-146a-5p/USP6/GLS1 in leukemia and chemoresistance of leukemia cells remains to be elucidated. In the current study, USP6 level was increased in bone marrow aspiration specimens of patients with CML and associated with poor prognosis. USP6 was significantly upregulated in imatinib (IM)-resistant clinical samples compared with IM-sensitive samples. USP6 overexpression significantly inhibited IM-induced apoptosis of leukemia cells. Overexpressing USP6 significantly increased GLS1 ubiquitination to decrease GLS protein. A mechanism study indicated that USP6 regulation of IM resistance of CML cells was GLS1 dependent and regulated by miR-146a-5p. Administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC) exosomes promoted IM-induced cell apoptosis through miR-145a-5p/USP6. Therefore, hucMSC exosomes promoted IM-induced apoptosis of K562-R cells by suppressing GLS1 ubiquitination to increase GLS protein via miR-146a-5p and its target GLS1. The findings highlight the importance of miR-146a-5p/USP6/GLS1 signaling in chemoresistance of leukemia and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for chemoresistant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huirong Mai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Meng Yi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Huanli Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Xiuli Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China. .,Shenzhen Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
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22
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Gonçalves AC, Richiardone E, Jorge J, Polónia B, Xavier CPR, Salaroglio IC, Riganti C, Vasconcelos MH, Corbet C, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB. Impact of cancer metabolism on therapy resistance - Clinical implications. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100797. [PMID: 34955385 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increasing arsenal of anticancer therapies, many patients continue to have poor outcomes due to the therapeutic failures and tumor relapses. Indeed, the clinical efficacy of anticancer therapies is markedly limited by intrinsic and/or acquired resistance mechanisms that can occur in any tumor type and with any treatment. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need to implement fundamental changes in the tumor treatment paradigm by the development of new experimental strategies that can help to predict the occurrence of clinical drug resistance and to identify alternative therapeutic options. Apart from mutation-driven resistance mechanisms, tumor microenvironment (TME) conditions generate an intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity that supports disease progression and dismal outcomes. Tumor cell metabolism is a prototypical example of dynamic, heterogeneous, and adaptive phenotypic trait, resulting from the combination of intrinsic [(epi)genetic changes, tissue of origin and differentiation dependency] and extrinsic (oxygen and nutrient availability, metabolic interactions within the TME) factors, enabling cancer cells to survive, metastasize and develop resistance to anticancer therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding metabolism-based mechanisms conferring adaptive resistance to chemo-, radio-and immunotherapies as well as targeted therapies. Furthermore, we report the role of TME-mediated intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity in therapy resistance and how adaptations in amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism support the growth of therapy-resistant cancers and/or cellular subpopulations. We also report the intricate interplay between tumor signaling and metabolic pathways in cancer cells and discuss how manipulating key metabolic enzymes and/or providing dietary changes may help to eradicate relapse-sustaining cancer cells. Finally, in the current era of personalized medicine, we describe the strategies that may be applied to implement metabolic profiling for tumor imaging, biomarker identification, selection of tailored treatments and monitoring therapy response during the clinical management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Richiardone
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Belgium
| | - Joana Jorge
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Polónia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Italy
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Belgium.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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23
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Xia L, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang X, Nie K. The Role of Succinic Acid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769196. [PMID: 34796116 PMCID: PMC8593202 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the highest mortality among gynecological malignancy. The standard therapy options for patients with ovarian cancer are cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy, and although most patients do better with standard treatment, it is easy to relapse and be resistant to chemotherapy. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic strategies. More recently, metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and has become a potential target for tumor therapy. Mutations of metabolic enzymes are closely related to the development of ovarian cancer. The metabolic reprogramming of ovarian cancer not only provides energy to tumor cells, but also participates in various biological processes as signaling molecules. Succinic acid (SA) is an important metabolic intermediate involved in a number of metabolic pathways, such as TCA cycle and glutamine metabolism, and is also widely present in a variety of plants and vegetables. Studies show abnormal SA metabolism in many tumors and affect tumor formation through a variety of mechanisms. But the role of SA in ovarian cancer is less studied. This paper reviews the role of SA and its abnormal metabolic pathway in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ke Nie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Scalise CB, Norian L, Demark-Wahnefried W. Long-Term Glucose Restriction with or without Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Enrichment Distinctively Alters Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Signaling in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:808-809. [PMID: 34459685 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1971268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Bess Scalise
- OB/GYN - Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lyse Norian
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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25
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Hamilton G, Plangger A. Cytotoxic activity of KRAS inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:1065-1074. [PMID: 34347509 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1965123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogenic driver in pancreatic, lung, and colon cancer. Recently, KRAS inhibitors in clinical use show promising activity but most responses are partial and drug resistance develops. The use of therapeutics in combination with KRAS inhibitors are expected to improve outcomes. AREAS COVERED This review describes the KRAS G12C mutation-specific inhibitors and the SOS1-targeting inhibitors that reduce the GTP-loading of wildtype and mutated KRAS. Both types of compounds reduce tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The combinations of the various KRAS inhibitors with downstream signaling effectors, modulators of KRAS-associated metabolic alterations and chemotherapeutics are summarized. EXPERT OPINION The clinical potency of mutated KRAS-specific inhibitors needs to be improved by suitable drug combinations. Inhibition of downstream signaling cascades increases toxicity and other combinations exploited comprise G12C-directed inhibitors with SOS1 inhibitors, glucose/glutamine metabolic modulators, classical chemotherapeutics, and others. The most suitable inhibitor combinations corroborated in preclinical development await clinical verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Department Of Vascular Surgery, Medical University Of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelina Plangger
- Department Of Vascular Surgery, Medical University Of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Wang L, Zhao X, Fu J, Xu W, Yuan J. The Role of Tumour Metabolism in Cisplatin Resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:691795. [PMID: 34250022 PMCID: PMC8261055 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.691795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug commonly used in cancer treatment. Tumour cells are more sensitive to cisplatin than normal cells. Cisplatin exerts an antitumour effect by interfering with DNA replication and transcription processes. However, the drug-resistance properties of tumour cells often cause loss of cisplatin efficacy and failure of chemotherapy, leading to tumour progression. Owing to the large amounts of energy and compounds required by tumour cells, metabolic reprogramming plays an important part in the occurrence and development of tumours. The interplay between DNA damage repair and metabolism also has an effect on cisplatin resistance; the molecular changes to glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways affect the cisplatin resistance of tumour cells. Here, we review the mechanism of action of cisplatin, the mechanism of resistance to cisplatin, the role of metabolic remodelling in tumorigenesis and development, and the effects of common metabolic pathways on cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lude Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jianfei Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jianlie Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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27
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Schiliro C, Firestein BL. Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells Supporting Enhanced Growth and Proliferation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051056. [PMID: 33946927 PMCID: PMC8146072 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells alter metabolic processes to sustain their characteristic uncontrolled growth and proliferation. These metabolic alterations include (1) a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis to support the increased need for ATP, (2) increased glutaminolysis for NADPH regeneration, (3) altered flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle for macromolecule generation, (4) increased lipid uptake, lipogenesis, and cholesterol synthesis, (5) upregulation of one-carbon metabolism for the production of ATP, NADH/NADPH, nucleotides, and glutathione, (6) altered amino acid metabolism, (7) metabolism-based regulation of apoptosis, and (8) the utilization of alternative substrates, such as lactate and acetate. Altered metabolic flux in cancer is controlled by tumor-host cell interactions, key oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and other regulatory molecules, including non-coding RNAs. Changes to metabolic pathways in cancer are dynamic, exhibit plasticity, and are often dependent on the type of tumor and the tumor microenvironment, leading in a shift of thought from the Warburg Effect and the “reverse Warburg Effect” to metabolic plasticity. Understanding the complex nature of altered flux through these multiple pathways in cancer cells can support the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Schiliro
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-8045
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28
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Guo J, Yu J, Peng F, Li J, Tan Z, Chen Y, Rao T, Wang Y, Peng J, Zhou H. In vitro and in vivo analysis of metabolites involved in the TCA cycle and glutamine metabolism associated with cisplatin resistance in human lung cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:233-240. [PMID: 33866908 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1915775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the dysregulated metabolic pathways in cancer cells and their relevance to cisplatin resistance could yield new insights into cancer therapy. We previously reported that eight metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glutamine metabolism were associated with platinum-based chemotherapy efficacy in human lung cancer. Here, we investigated the metabolic differences upon cisplatin treatment in lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. A simple and partially validated standard addition method was applied for the quantification of five metabolites involved in the TCA cycle and glutamine metabolism using amide hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). The present study investigated the levels of these biomarkers in A549 cells and the cisplatin-resistant A549-DDP cells, as well as in the plasma before and after cisplatin treatment in A549 xenograft mice. Levels of five metabolites, including 2-hydroxyglutaric acid (2-HG), α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), succinate, glutamine, and glutamate, showed a decreasing trend in A549-DDP cells. In addition, 2-HG and glutamine were the most significantly altered metabolites in cisplatin-treated A549 xenograft mice. These data indicate that the TCA cycle and glutamine metabolism play important roles in cisplatin-based chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer. Our results provide a new angle for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jinzi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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29
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Wu Z, Lee YF, Yeo XH, Loo SY, Tam WL. Shifting the Gears of Metabolic Plasticity to Drive Cell State Transitions in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1316. [PMID: 33804114 PMCID: PMC7999312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Metabolic plasticity defines the ability of cancer cells to reprogram a plethora of metabolic pathways to meet unique energetic needs during the various steps of disease progression. Cell state transitions are phenotypic adaptations which confer distinct advantages that help cancer cells overcome progression hurdles, that include tumor initiation, expansive growth, resistance to therapy, metastasis, colonization, and relapse. It is increasingly appreciated that cancer cells need to appropriately reprogram their cellular metabolism in a timely manner to support the changes associated with new phenotypic cell states. We discuss metabolic alterations that may be adopted by cancer cells in relation to the maintenance of cancer stemness, activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program for facilitating metastasis, and the acquisition of drug resistance. While such metabolic plasticity is harnessed by cancer cells for survival, their dependence and addiction towards certain metabolic pathways also present therapeutic opportunities that may be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Wu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (Z.W.); (X.H.Y.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
| | - Yi Fei Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Xun Hui Yeo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (Z.W.); (X.H.Y.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
| | - Ser Yue Loo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (Z.W.); (X.H.Y.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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30
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Guo J, Satoh K, Tabata S, Mori M, Tomita M, Soga T. Reprogramming of glutamine metabolism via glutamine synthetase silencing induces cisplatin resistance in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:174. [PMID: 33596851 PMCID: PMC7891143 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CDDP) significantly prolongs survival in various cancers, but many patients also develop resistance that results in treatment failure. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which ovarian cancer cells acquire CDDP resistance. METHODS We evaluated the metabolic profiles in CDDP-sensitive ovarian cancer A2780 cells and CDDP-resistant A2780cis cells using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). We further examined the expression of glutamine metabolism enzymes using real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Cell viability was accessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS The results showed that levels of glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione (GSH), a key drug resistance mediator synthesized from glutamate, were significantly elevated in A2780cis cells than those in A2780 cells. Furthermore, glutamine starvation decreased the GSH levels and CDDP resistance in A2780cis cells. Interestingly, the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS/GLUL), which synthesizes glutamine from glutamate and thereby negatively regulates GSH production, was almost completely suppressed in resistant A2780cis cells. In addition, treatment of A2780cis cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA-demethylating agent, restored GS expression and reduced CDDP resistance. In contrast, GS knockdown in CDDP-sensitive A2780 cells induced CDDP resistance. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that upregulation of GSH synthesis from glutamine via DNA methylation-mediated silencing of GS causes CDDP resistance in A2780cis cells. Therefore, glutamine metabolism could be a novel therapeutic target against CDDP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.,Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Satoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan. .,Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan.
| | - Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Masaru Mori
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.,Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.,Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan.,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.,Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan.,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan
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31
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Marcucci F, Rumio C. Glycolysis-induced drug resistance in tumors-A response to danger signals? Neoplasia 2021; 23:234-245. [PMID: 33418276 PMCID: PMC7804361 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells often switch from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to glycolytic metabolism even under aerobic conditions. Tumor cell glycolysis is accompanied by several nonenzymatic activities among which induction of drug resistance has important therapeutic implications. In this article, we review the main aspects of glycolysis-induced drug resistance. We discuss the classes of antitumor drugs that are affected and the components of the glycolytic pathway (transporters, enzymes, metabolites) that are involved in the induction of drug resistance. Glycolysis-associated drug resistance occurs in response to stimuli, either cell-autonomous (e.g., oncoproteins) or deriving from the tumor microenvironment (e.g., hypoxia or pseudohypoxia, mechanical cues, etc.). Several mechanisms mediate the induction of drug resistance in response to glycolytic metabolism: inhibition of apoptosis, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, induction of autophagy, inhibition of drug influx and increase of drug efflux. We suggest that drug resistance in response to glycolysis comes into play in presence of qualitative (e.g., expression of embryonic enzyme isoforms, post-translational enzyme modifications) or quantitative (e.g., overexpression of enzymes or overproduction of metabolites) alterations of glycolytic metabolism. We also discern similarities between changes occurring in tumor cells in response to stimuli inducing glycolysis-associated drug resistance and those occurring in cells of the innate immune system in response to danger signals and that have been referred to as danger-associated metabolic modifications. Eventually, we briefly address that also mitochondrial oxidative metabolism may induce drug resistance and discuss the therapeutic implications deriving from the fact that the main energy-generating metabolic pathways may be both at the origin of antitumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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32
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Matés JM, Campos-Sandoval JA, de Los Santos-Jiménez J, Segura JA, Alonso FJ, Márquez J. Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer by Chemicals that Target Glutaminase Isoenzymes. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5317-5339. [PMID: 31038055 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190416165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming of tumours is a hallmark of cancer. Among the changes in the metabolic network of cancer cells, glutaminolysis is a key reaction altered in neoplasms. Glutaminase proteins control the first step in glutamine metabolism and their expression correlates with malignancy and growth rate of a great variety of cancers. The two types of glutaminase isoenzymes, GLS and GLS2, differ in their expression patterns and functional roles: GLS has oncogenic properties and GLS2 has been described as a tumour suppressor factor. RESULTS We have focused on glutaminase connections with key oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Targeting glutaminase isoenzymes includes different strategies aimed at deactivating the rewiring of cancer metabolism. In addition, we found a long list of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and signalling pathways dealing with glutaminase. On the other hand, a number of chemicals have been described as isoenzyme-specific inhibitors of GLS and/or GLS2 isoforms. These molecules are being characterized as synergic and therapeutic agents in many types of tumours. CONCLUSION This review states the metabolic pathways that are rewired in cancer, the roles of glutaminase isoforms in cancer, as well as the metabolic circuits regulated by glutaminases. We also show the plethora of anticancer drugs that specifically inhibit glutaminase isoenzymes for treating several sets of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Matés
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - José A Campos-Sandoval
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan de Los Santos-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan A Segura
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Alonso
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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33
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Wang Z, Liu F, Fan N, Zhou C, Li D, Macvicar T, Dong Q, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y. Targeting Glutaminolysis: New Perspectives to Understand Cancer Development and Novel Strategies for Potential Target Therapies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:589508. [PMID: 33194749 PMCID: PMC7649373 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism rewiring is an important hallmark of cancers. Being one of the most abundant free amino acids in the human blood, glutamine supports bioenergetics and biosynthesis, tumor growth, and the production of antioxidants through glutaminolysis in cancers. In glutamine dependent cancer cells, more than half of the tricarboxylic/critic acid (TCA) metabolites are derived from glutamine. Glutaminolysis controls the process of converting glutamine into TCA cycle metabolites through the regulation of multiple enzymes, among which the glutaminase shows the importance as the very first step in this process. Targeting glutaminolysis via glutaminase inhibition emerges as a promising strategy to disrupt cancer metabolism and tumor progression. Here, we review the regulation of glutaminase and the role of glutaminase in cancer metabolism and metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight the glutaminase inhibitor based metabolic therapy strategy and their potential applications in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefang Wang
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fanyu Liu
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ningbo Fan
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chenghui Zhou
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Macvicar
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Rodrigues-Ferreira S, Moindjie H, Haykal MM, Nahmias C. Predicting and Overcoming Taxane Chemoresistance. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:138-151. [PMID: 33046406 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Taxanes are microtubule-targeting drugs used as cytotoxic chemotherapy to treat most solid tumors. The development of resistance to taxanes is a major cause of therapeutic failure and overcoming chemoresistance remains an important challenge to improve patient's outcome. Extensive efforts have been made recently to identify predictive biomarkers to select populations of patients who will benefit from taxane-based chemotherapy and avoid inefficient treatment of patients with innate resistance. This, together with the discovery of new mechanisms of resistance that include metabolic reprogramming and dialogue between tumor and its microenvironment, pave the way to a new era of personalized medicine. In this review, we recapitulate recent insights into taxane resistance and present promising emerging strategies to overcome chemoresistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800, Villejuif, France; LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Hadia Moindjie
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800, Villejuif, France; LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Maria M Haykal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800, Villejuif, France; LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Clara Nahmias
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800, Villejuif, France; LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Metabolic Signaling Cascades Prompted by Glutaminolysis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092624. [PMID: 32937954 PMCID: PMC7565600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Within the last few years, accumulating evidences suggest the involvement of altered metabolisms in human diseases including cancer. Metabolism is defined as the sum of biochemical processes in living organisms that produce and consume energy. Tumor growth requires restructuring of cellular metabolism to meet the increasing demand for building blocks to support the ever-increasing cancer cell numbers. The principle of perturbed metabolism in tumors is known for 50–60 years, it regains greater appreciation within the last few years with the realization that there is interdependency between metabolism and all aspects of cellular function including regulation and control of cell growth. Tumor cells do not need stimulation signals from the surrounding environment to promote cell proliferation; in some cases, the tumor cells can generate their own growth signals. In order to support the continuous tumor cell growth even under stressful conditions, a change in metabolism is necessary to fulfill the continuous demand for energy and building blocks. A better understanding of the relationship between tumor environment and altered cell metabolisms will provide valuable insights to design innovative approaches to limit the supply of energy and macromolecules for the treatment of cancer including melanoma. Abstract Aberrant glutamatergic signaling has been implicated in altered metabolic activity and the demand to synthesize biomass in several types of cancer including melanoma. In the last decade, there has been a significant contribution to our understanding of metabolic pathways. An increasing number of studies are now emphasizing the importance of glutamate functioning as a signaling molecule and a building block for cancer progression. To that end, our group has previously illustrated the role of glutamatergic signaling mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) in neoplastic transformation of melanocytes in vitro and spontaneous development of metastatic melanoma in vivo. Glutamate, the natural ligand of GRM1, is one of the most abundant amino acids in humans and the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Elevated levels of glutaminolytic mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, especially glutamate, have been reported in numerous cancer cells. Herein, we highlight and critically review metabolic bottlenecks that are prevalent during tumor evolution along with therapeutic implications of limiting glutamate bioavailability in tumors.
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Metabolic Constrains Rule Metastasis Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092081. [PMID: 32932943 PMCID: PMC7563739 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis formation accounts for the majority of tumor-associated deaths and consists of different steps, each of them being characterized by a distinctive adaptive phenotype of the cancer cells. Metabolic reprogramming represents one of the main adaptive phenotypes exploited by cancer cells during all the main steps of tumor and metastatic progression. In particular, the metabolism of cancer cells evolves profoundly through all the main phases of metastasis formation, namely the metastatic dissemination, the metastatic colonization of distant organs, the metastatic dormancy, and ultimately the outgrowth into macroscopic lesions. However, the metabolic reprogramming of metastasizing cancer cells has only recently become the subject of intense study. From a clinical point of view, the latter steps of the metastatic process are very important, because patients often undergo surgical removal of the primary tumor when cancer cells have already left the primary tumor site, even though distant metastases are not clinically detectable yet. In this scenario, to precisely elucidate if and how metabolic reprogramming drives acquisition of cancer-specific adaptive phenotypes might pave the way to new therapeutic strategies by combining chemotherapy with metabolic drugs for better cancer eradication. In this review we discuss the latest evidence that claim the importance of metabolic adaptation for cancer progression.
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Zhou P, Liang X, Zhou C, Qin J, Hou C, Zhu Z, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhong D. Glutamine-β-cyclodextrin for targeted doxorubicin delivery to triple-negative breast cancer tumors via the transporter ASCT2. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:5363-5375. [PMID: 31403158 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01225g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the primary therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the tumor-targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs is necessary to minimize their side effects on normal tissues. TNBC cells display addictions to glutamine in culture, and the levels of the glutamine transporter, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2), are elevated in many types of cancer. However, glutamine- or ASCT2-based carriers have not been used in tumor-targeted drug delivery. In this study, a novel derivative of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), glutamine-β-cyclodextrin (GLN-CD), was developed by conjugating glutamine with the 6-hydroxy of β-CD, and GLN-CD was then used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX) inclusion complexes (DOX@GLN-CD) for TNBC treatment. GLN-CD and glutamine have similar ASCT2-binding sites, and GLN-CD has the potential to enter cells through ASCT2-dependent facilitated diffusion. An increase in the degree of substitution did not promote binding between GLN-CD and ASCT2. GLN-CD and DOX formed inclusion complexes at a molar ratio of 1 : 1. DOX@GLN-CD specifically accumulated in TNBC cells, including MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells, where it subsequently induced G2/M blockade and apoptosis, but hardly affected nontumorigenic MCF10A cells. l-γ-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA), which is a specific inhibitor of ASCT2, antagonistically decreased the cellular uptake of DOX@GLN-CD by TNBC cells, which further confirmed the role of ASCT2 in DOX@GLN-CD transport. In vivo, DOX@GLN-CD accumulated specifically in tumors, achieved improved outcomes and minimized the toxic effects on main organs at the same dose as DOX. As a novel derivative of β-CD, GLN-CD is an effective carrier that can specifically deliver DOX to TNBC cells via targeting ASCT2 and minimize its uptake by normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmei Liang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ce Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaqi Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunyu Hou
- The Center for Translational Cancer Research, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300051, People's Republic of China.
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Shen YA, Hong J, Asaka R, Asaka S, Hsu FC, Suryo Rahmanto Y, Jung JG, Chen YW, Yen TT, Tomaszewski A, Zhang C, Attarwala N, DeMarzo AM, Davidson B, Chuang CM, Chen X, Gaillard S, Le A, Shih IM, Wang TL. Inhibition of the MYC-Regulated Glutaminase Metabolic Axis Is an Effective Synthetic Lethal Approach for Treating Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancers. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4514-4526. [PMID: 32859605 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of the MYC oncogene in tumor cells, including ovarian cancer cells, correlates with poor responses to chemotherapy. As MYC is not directly targetable, we have analyzed molecular pathways downstream of MYC to identify potential therapeutic targets. Here we report that ovarian cancer cells overexpressing glutaminase (GLS), a target of MYC and a key enzyme in glutaminolysis, are intrinsically resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy and are enriched with intracellular antioxidant glutathione. Deprivation of glutamine by glutamine-withdrawal, GLS knockdown, or exposure to the GLS inhibitor CB-839 resulted in robust induction of reactive oxygen species in high GLS-expressing but not in low GLS-expressing ovarian cancer cells. Treatment with CB-839 rendered GLShigh cells vulnerable to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, olaparib, and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice. These findings suggest consideration of applying a combined therapy of GLS inhibitor and PARP inhibitor to treat chemoresistant ovarian cancers, especially those with high GLS expression. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting glutaminase disturbs redox homeostasis and nucleotide synthesis and causes replication stress in cancer cells, representing an exploitable vulnerability for the development of effective therapeutics. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/20/4514/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-An Shen
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiaxin Hong
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryoichi Asaka
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shiho Asaka
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yohan Suryo Rahmanto
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jin-Gyoung Jung
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ting-Tai Yen
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alicja Tomaszewski
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cissy Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nabeel Attarwala
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M DeMarzo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chi-Mu Chuang
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xi Chen
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Stephanie Gaillard
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Chemoresistant Cancer Cells and the Potential Significance of Metabolic Regulation in the Reversal of Cancer Chemoresistance. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070289. [PMID: 32708822 PMCID: PMC7408410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of tumors. Alterations of cellular metabolism not only contribute to tumor development, but also mediate the resistance of tumor cells to antitumor drugs. The metabolic response of tumor cells to various chemotherapy drugs can be analyzed by metabolomics. Although cancer cells have experienced metabolic reprogramming, the metabolism of drug resistant cancer cells has been further modified. Metabolic adaptations of drug resistant cells to chemotherapeutics involve redox, lipid metabolism, bioenergetics, glycolysis, polyamine synthesis and so on. The proposed metabolic mechanisms of drug resistance include the increase of glucose and glutamine demand, active pathways of glutaminolysis and glycolysis, promotion of NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway, adaptive mitochondrial reprogramming, activation of fatty acid oxidation, and up-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase for polyamine production. Several genes are associated with metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance. Intervening regulatory points described above or targeting key genes in several important metabolic pathways may restore cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. This paper reviews the metabolic changes of tumor cells during the development of chemoresistance and discusses the potential of reversing chemoresistance by metabolic regulation.
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Fahrmann JF, Vykoukal JV, Ostrin EJ. Amino Acid Oncometabolism and Immunomodulation of the Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:276. [PMID: 32266129 PMCID: PMC7105613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that cancer acquires significant changes in its metabolism dates back nearly a century, to Otto Warburg noting that cancer cells preferentially utilize glycolysis even when there are no hypoxic conditions in the growth media. Altered energetics are thus considered a hallmark of cancer. However, it has become clear that altered metabolism is not limited to cellular energetic pathways. Alterations in amino acid synthesis and catabolism, lipid biogenesis, and other pathways such as polyamine processing are commonly seen in cancer. Additionally, alterations in metabolism do not only have profound effects for cancer cells but also affect their surrounding microenvironment. With new cancer therapeutics targeting the immune microenvironment, these effects may have implications on cancer growth and response to therapy. These interactions are profound in lung cancer, further demonstrating the manifold interactions between developing tumors and the inflammatory microenvironment. Here, we discuss how dysregulation of metabolism in cancer alters its microenvironment and how this newfound knowledge can be exploited for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jody V Vykoukal
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, TX, United States
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Shakibaie M, Vaezjalali M, Rafii-Tabar H, Sasanpour P. Phototherapy alters the oncogenic metabolic activity of breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101695. [PMID: 32109618 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells is a strategy to attain a high proliferation rate, invasion, and metastasis. In this study, the effects of phototherapy at different wavelengths were investigated on the metabolic activity of breast cancer cells. METHODS The states of the MCF7 cells proliferation and viability were measured by the MTT assay. Glucose consumption and the lactate formation in the LED-irradiated cells culture were analyzed by biochemical assay kits. The Amino acid concentration in the culture media of the MCF7 cells was analyzed using HPLC. Moreover, the gene expression of some glycolytic, TCA cycle and pentose phosphate cycleenzymes were assessed by real time PCR. RESULTS Phototherapy at wavelength of 435 nm decreased the cell viability by 23 % when the energy dose was 17.5 J/cm2 compared to the control group. The expression of the LDHA and GLS was up-regulated in 629 nm-treated cells while the expression of these genes was down-regulated in the MCF7 cells irradiated at 435 nm in comparison with the control group. Consequently, the glucose consumption and the lactate formation were diminished respectively by 22 % and 15 % in the 435 nm-irradiated cells while the glucose consumption and the lactate formation were increased in the 629 nm-irradiated cells by 112 % and 107 % in comparison with the control group. In addition, the analysis of the glutamine concentration by the HPLC indicated that the blue light irradiation decreased the glutamine consumption while the red light increased it in comparison with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shakibaie
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Vaezjalali
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hashem Rafii-Tabar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Physics Branch of Iran Academy of Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Nanoscience, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P. O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran.
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Links between cancer metabolism and cisplatin resistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:107-164. [PMID: 32475471 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of several solid tumors, despite the high toxicity and the frequent relapse of patients due to the onset of drug resistance. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, either intrinsic or acquired, is currently one of the major problems in oncology. Thus, understanding the biology of chemoresistance is fundamental in order to overcome this challenge and to improve the survival rate of patients. Studies over the last 30 decades have underlined how resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon not yet completely understood. Recently, tumor metabolism has gained a lot of interest in the context of chemoresistance; accumulating evidence suggests that the rearrangements of the principal metabolic pathways within cells, contributes to the sensitivity of tumor to the drug treatment. In this review, the principal metabolic alterations associated with cisplatin resistance are highlighted. Improving the knowledge of the influence of metabolism on cisplatin response is fundamental to identify new possible metabolic targets useful for combinatory treatments, in order to overcome cisplatin resistance.
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Bokil A, Sancho P. Mitochondrial determinants of chemoresistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:634-646. [PMID: 35582564 PMCID: PMC8992520 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance constitute nowadays the major contributor to therapy failure in most cancers. There are main factors that mitigate cell response to therapy, such as target organ, inherent sensitivity to the administered compound, its metabolism, drug efflux and influx or alterations on specific cellular targets, among others. We now know that intrinsic properties of cancer cells, including metabolic features, substantially contribute to chemoresistance. In fact, during the last years, numerous reports indicate that cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy demonstrate significant alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, membrane polarization and mass. Metabolic activity and expression of several mitochondrial proteins are modulated under treatment to cope with stress, making these organelles central players in the development of resistance to therapies. Here, we review the role of mitochondria in chemoresistant cells in terms of metabolic rewiring and function of key mitochondria-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansooya Bokil
- IIS Aragon, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- IIS Aragon, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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Inhibition of GLS suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in prostate cancer. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181826. [PMID: 31196962 PMCID: PMC6591571 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glutamine metabolism is a hallmark of cancer growth, forming the theoretical basis for development of metabolic therapies as cancer treatments. Glutaminase (GLS), a crucial enzyme involved in the regulation of glutamine metabolism, has been reported to play crucial roles in cancer development. However, the precise function of GLS in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to assess the GLS expression and its clinical significance in PCa. We found that GLS was significantly up-regulated in PCa tissues and cell lines. High expression of GLS was significantly associated with Gleason score (P=0.001) and Tumor stage (P=0.015). Functionally, we silenced GLS in PCa cell lines and revealed that GLS knockdown largely blunted the proliferation of DU145 and PC-3 cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that knockdown of GLS induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, we observed that the expressions of Bax were increased while the levels of cyclinD1 and Bcl-2 were decreased after knockdown of GLS in PCa cells. Importantly, through Western blot analysis, we identified that GLS knockdown dramatically suppressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, GLS is a novel oncogene in PCa and may be a potential treatment target for PCa patients.
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45
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Shah R, Singh SJ, Eddy K, Filipp FV, Chen S. Concurrent Targeting of Glutaminolysis and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 (GRM1) Reduces Glutamate Bioavailability in GRM1 + Melanoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1799-1809. [PMID: 30987979 PMCID: PMC6469683 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glutamatergic signaling has been implicated in altered metabolic activity in many cancer types, including malignant melanoma. Previously, we have illustrated the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) in neoplastic transformation of melanocytes in vitro and spontaneous metastatic melanoma in vivo. In this study, we showed that autocrine stimulation constitutively activates the GRM1 receptor and its downstream mitogenic signaling. GRM1-activated (GRM1+) melanomas exhibited significantly increased expression of glutaminase (GLS), which catalyzes the first step in the conversion of glutamine to glutamate. In cultured GRM1+ melanoma cell lines, CB-839, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of GLS, suppressed cell proliferation, while riluzole, an inhibitor of glutamate release, promoted apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. Combined treatment with CB-839 and riluzole treatment proved to be superior to single-agent treatment, restricting glutamate bioavailability and leading to effective suppression of tumor cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in vivo. Hyperactivation of GRM1 in malignant melanoma is an oncogenic driver, which acts independently of canonical melanoma proto-oncogenes, BRAF or NRAS. Overall, these results indicate that expression of GRM1 promotes a metabolic phenotype that supports increased glutamate production and autocrine glutamatergic signaling, which can be pharmacologically targeted by decreasing glutamate bioavailability and the GLS-dependent glutamine to glutamate conversion. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that targeting glutaminolytic glutamate bioavailability is an effective therapeutic strategy for GRM1-activated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Shah
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Simar J Singh
- St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Kevinn Eddy
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Fabian V Filipp
- Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University München, Freising, Germany
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Targeting cancer metabolism through synthetic lethality-based combinatorial treatment strategies. Curr Opin Oncol 2019; 30:338-344. [PMID: 29994904 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Targeting cancer metabolism for therapy has received much attention over the last decade with various small molecule inhibitors entering clinical trials. The present review highlights the latest strategies to target glucose and glutamine metabolism for cancer therapy with a particular emphasis on novel combinatorial treatment approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Inhibitors of glucose, lactate, and glutamine transport and the ensuing metabolism are in preclinical to clinical trial stages of investigation. Recent advances in our understanding of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors that dictate dependence on these targets have informed the development of rational, synthetic lethality-based strategies to exploit these metabolic vulnerabilities. SUMMARY Cancer cells exhibit a number of metabolic alterations with functional consequences beyond that of sustaining cellular energetics and biosynthesis. Elucidating context-specific metabolic dependencies and their connections to oncogenic signaling and epigenetic programs in tumor cells represents a promising approach to identify new metabolic drug targets for cancer therapy.
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Zaal EA, Berkers CR. The Influence of Metabolism on Drug Response in Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:500. [PMID: 30456204 PMCID: PMC6230982 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic agents, either intrinsic or acquired, is currently a major problem in the treatment of cancers and occurs in virtually every type of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding how resistance can be prevented, targeted and predicted becomes increasingly important to improve cancer therapy. In the last decade, it has become apparent that alterations in cellular metabolism are a hallmark of cancer cells and that a rewired metabolism is essential for rapid tumor growth and proliferation. Recently, metabolic alterations have been shown to play a role in the sensitivity of cancer cells to widely-used first-line chemotherapeutics. This suggests that metabolic pathways are important mediators of resistance toward anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the metabolic alterations associated with resistance toward different anticancer agents and discuss how metabolism may be exploited to overcome drug resistance to classical chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A. Zaal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Celia R. Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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