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Khan K, Irfan M, Sattar AA, Faiz MB, Rahman AU, Athar H, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J, Cho WC. LncRNA SNHG6 role in clinicopathological parameters in cancers. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:363. [PMID: 37735423 PMCID: PMC10515066 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing has revealed that a substantial portion of the human genome undergoes transcription, yet a minimal fraction of these transcripts translates into proteins. LncRNAs, RNA molecules less than 200 nt in length, once deemed as transcriptional noise, have now emerged as crucial regulators of numerous cellular processes. This review focuses on the lncRNA SNHG6, aiming to elucidate its biogenesis, the pivotal roles it plays, and its mechanisms in facilitating the hallmarks of cancer. A comprehensive literature review and analysis were undertaken to delve into the biogenesis of SNHG6, its roles in cellular processes, and the mechanisms through which it contributes to the hallmarks of cancer. SNHG6 is a notable lncRNA, observed to be overexpressed in various cancer types; its perturbation has been linked to tumor progression, emphasizing its significance in oncogenesis. This lncRNA contributes to a range of cellular aberrations, influencing transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic processes of mRNA, ultimately driving cancerous transformations. LncRNA SNHG6 serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target due to its association with tumorigenesis. Understanding its mechanism and role in cancer can pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Areej Abdul Sattar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Manal Bint Faiz
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Anees ur Rahman
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Athar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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2
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Mehmandar-Oskuie A, Jahankhani K, Rostamlou A, Arabi S, Sadat Razavi Z, Mardi A. Molecular landscape of LncRNAs in bladder cancer: From drug resistance to novel LncRNA-based therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115242. [PMID: 37531786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common and serious type of cancer that ranks among the top ten most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Due to the high occurrence rate of BC, the aggressive nature of cancer cells, and their resistance to medication, managing this disease has become a growing challenge in clinical care. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins and are more than 200 nucleotides in length. They play a significant role in controlling cellular pathways and molecular interactions during the onset, development and progression of different types of cancers. Recent advancements in high-throughput gene sequencing technology have led to the identification of various differentially expressed lncRNAs in BC, which indicate abnormal expression. In this review, we summarize that these lncRNAs have been found to impact several functions related to the development of BC, including proliferation, cell growth, migration, metastasis, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and chemo- and radio-resistance. Additionally, lncRNAs may improve prognosis prediction for BC patients, indicating a future use for them as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for BC patients. This review highlights that genetic tools and anti-tumor agents, such as CRISPR/Cas systems, siRNA, shRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and vectors, have been created for use in preclinical cancer models. This has led to a growing interest in using lncRNAs based on positive research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Mehmandar-Oskuie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Jahankhani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamlou
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of EGE, IZMIR, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Arabi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Razavi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Su M, Huang P, Li Q. Long noncoding RNA SNHG6 promotes the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells via miR-543/YAP1 pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16291. [PMID: 37234669 PMCID: PMC10208841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) acts as an oncogene in several cancers, and is highly expressed in ovarian cancer. MiR-543, a tumor suppressor, was expressed lowly in ovarian cancer. However, whether SNHG6 performed its oncogenic role via miR-543 in ovarian cancer, as well as the underlying mechanism is still not clear. In this study, we showed that the levels of SNHG6 and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) were significantly elevated, while the level of miR-543 was significantly decreased, in ovarian cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal samples. We demonstrated that overexpression of SNHG6 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and A2780. Knockdown of SNHG6 showed the opposite effects. MiR-543 level was negatively correlated with the SNHG6 level in ovarian cancer tissues. SHNG6 overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of miR-543, and SHNG6 knockdown significantly elevated the expression of miR-543 in ovarian cancer cells. The effects of SNHG6 on ovarian cancer cells were abrogated by miR-543 mimic, and strengthened by anti-miR-543. YAP1 was identified as a target of miR-543. Forced expression of miR-543 significantly inhibited the expression of YAP1. Moreover, YAP1 overexpression could reverse the effects of SNHG6 downregulation on the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells. In summary, our study showed that SNHG6 promoted the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells via miR-543/YAP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Su
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gynecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei Province, China
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4
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Wang H, Feng Y, Zheng X, Xu X. The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Role of snoRNA and lincRNA in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041007. [PMID: 36831352 PMCID: PMC9954389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract and can be divided into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Although the means of diagnosis and treatment have continually improved in recent years, the recurrence rate of bladder cancer remains high, and patients with MIBC typically have an unfavourable prognosis and a low quality of life. Emerging evidence demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs play a crucial role in the carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are a subgroup of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that do not overlap protein-coding genes. The potential role of lincRNAs in the regulation of gene expression has been explored in depth in recent years. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that mainly exist in the nucleolus, are approximately 60-300 nucleotides in length, and are hosted inside the introns of genes. Small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) have been associated with the origin and development of bladder cancer. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize the biological functions of these molecules in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yanfei Feng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.X.)
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lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network in bladder cancer. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 8:135-145. [PMID: 36605618 PMCID: PMC9792360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common disease associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although immunotherapy approaches such as adoptive T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockade have been investigated for the treatment of bladder cancer, their off-target effects and ability to affect only single targets have led to clinical outcomes that are far from satisfactory. Therefore, it is important to identify novel targets that can effectively control tumor growth and metastasis. It is well known that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are powerful regulators of gene expression. Increasing evidence has shown that dysregulated lncRNAs in bladder cancer are involved in cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this review, we focus on the roles and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in the regulation of bladder cancer progression. In addition, we discuss the potential of targeting lncRNA-mediated ceRNA networks to overcome cancer treatment resistance and its association with clinicopathological features and outcomes in bladder cancer patients. We hope this review will stimulate research to develop more effective therapeutic approaches for bladder cancer treatment.
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Shafabakhsh R, Arianfar F, Vosough M, Mirzaei HR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Khanbabaei H, Kowsari H, Shojaie L, Azar MEF, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autophagy and gastrointestinal cancers: the behind the scenes role of long non-coding RNAs in initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1229-1255. [PMID: 33432087 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of complex disorders that affect different organs, including esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. Recently, an explosion in nucleic acid-based technologies has led to the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been found to possess unique regulatory functions. This class of RNAs is >200 nucleotides in length, and is characterized by their lack of protein coding. LncRNAs exert regulatory effects in GI cancer development by affecting different functions such as the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, apoptosis, glycolysis and angiogenesis. Over the past few decades, considerable evidence has revealed the important role of autophagy in both GI cancer progression and suppression. In addition, recent studies have confirmed a significant correlation between lncRNAs and the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we summarize how lncRNAs play a behind the scenes role in the pathogenesis of GI cancers through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arianfar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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7
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Biological functions and clinical significance of long noncoding RNAs in bladder cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:278. [PMID: 34611133 PMCID: PMC8492632 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the 10 most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a large class of noncoding RNA transcripts, consist of more than 200 nucleotides and play a significant role in the regulation of molecular interactions and cellular pathways during the occurrence and development of various cancers. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of high-throughput gene sequencing technology, several differentially expressed lncRNAs have been discovered in BCa, and their functions have been proven to have an impact on BCa development, such as cell growth and proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and drug-resistance. Furthermore, evidence suggests that lncRNAs are significantly associated with BCa patients' clinicopathological characteristics, especially tumor grade, TNM stage, and clinical progression stage. In addition, lncRNAs have the potential to more accurately predict BCa patient prognosis, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for BCa patients in the future. In this review, we briefly summarize and discuss recent research progress on BCa-associated lncRNAs, while focusing on their biological functions and mechanisms, clinical significance, and targeted therapy in BCa oncogenesis and malignant progression.
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Mirzaei S, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Hashemi M, Entezari M, Tabari T, Ashrafizadeh M, Raee P, Aghamiri S, Aref AR, Leong HC, Kumar AP, Samarghandian S, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K. Long non-coding RNAs as new players in bladder cancer: Lessons from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Life Sci 2021; 288:119948. [PMID: 34520771 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinical management of bladder cancer (BC) has become an increasing challenge due to high incidence rate of BC, malignant behavior of cancer cells and drug resistance. The non-coding RNAs are considered as key factors involved in BC progression. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules and do not encode proteins. They have more than 200 nucleotides in length and affect gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional phases. The lncRNAs demonstrate abnormal expression in BC cells and tissues. The present aims to identifying lncRNAs with tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoting roles, and evaluating their roles as regulatory of growth and migration. Apoptosis, glycolysis and EMT are tightly regulated by lncRNAs in BC. Response of BC cells to cisplatin, doxorubicin and gemcitabine chemotherapy is modulated by lncRNAs. LncRNAs regulate immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment and affect response of BC cells to immunotherapy. Besides, lncRNAs are able to regulate microRNAs, STAT3, Wnt, PTEN and PI3K/Akt pathways in affecting both proliferation and migration of BC cells. Noteworthy, anti-tumor compounds and genetic tools such as siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas systems can regulate lncRNA expression in BC. Finally, lncRNAs and exosomal lncRNAs can be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic tools in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Teimour Tabari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pourya Raee
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Aghamiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Hin Chong Leong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Peng M, Cheng X, Xiong W, Yi L, Wang Y. Integrated Analysis of a Competing Endogenous RNA Network Reveals a Prognostic lncRNA Signature in Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684242. [PMID: 34408977 PMCID: PMC8366562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate mRNA expression through sponging microRNA in tumorigenesis and progression. However, following the discovery of new RNA interaction, the differentially expressed RNAs and ceRNA regulatory network are required to update. Our study comprehensively analyzed the differentially expressed RNA and corresponding ceRNA network and thus constructed a potentially predictive tool for prognosis. “DESeq2” was used to perform differential expression analysis. Two hundred and six differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 222 DE miRNAs, and 2,463 DE mRNAs were found in this study. The lncRNA-mRNA interactions in the miRcode database and the miRNA-mRNA interactions in the starBase, miRcode, and mirTarBase databases were searched, and a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network with 186 nodes and 836 interactions was subsequently constructed. Aberrant expression patterns of lncRNA NR2F1-AS1 and lncRNA AC010168.2 were evaluated in two datasets (GSE89006, GSE31684), and real-time polymerase chain reaction was also performed to validate the expression pattern. Furthermore, we found that these two lncRNAs were independent prognostic biomarkers to generate a prognostic lncRNA signature by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. According to the lncRNA signature, patients in the high-risk group were associated with a poor prognosis and validated by an external dataset. A novel genomic-clinicopathologic nomogram to improve prognosis prediction of bladder cancer was further plotted and calibrated. Our study deepens the understanding of the regulatory ceRNA network and provides an easy-to-do genomic-clinicopathological nomogram to predict the prognosis in patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Yi
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Guo W, Gai Q, Ma Y, Shan Z, Wu J. LINC01410 leads the migration, invasion and EMT of bladder cancer cells by modulating miR-4319 / Snail1. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:429. [PMID: 34391433 PMCID: PMC8364693 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several previous studies have implied the significance of lncRNA1410 (LINC01410) in gastric cancer, rectal cancer, and cervical cancer. Nevertheless, the potential of LINC01410 in bladder cancer (BC) development has not been addressed. Methods The related mechanisms were explored by qRT-PCR analysis, CCK-8 assay, cell transfection assay, Transwell assay, Western Blot analysis, Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Results In the following study, LINC01410, characterized as an oncogene, exhibited high levels of expression in BC tissues as compared to normal tissues and its expression leads to a reduced prognosis of BC. Functional characterization of LINC01410 showed that knocking down LINC01410 could markedly reduce the invasion and proliferation capacity of T24 and 5637 cells. Mechanistically, LINC01410 served as a sponge for miR-4319 and the findings were further attested through luciferase reporter assay. Analysis of miR-4319 demonstrated its low expression in BC tissues as compared to normal tissues and knocking down LINC01410 significantly increased miR-4319. Data obtained from rescue assay discovered that silencing of miR-4319 in T24 and 5637 cells restored the proliferation and invasion capacity of LINC01410. Conclusions Taken together, this study is the first report on the oncogenic potential of LINC01410 in BC development by upregulating Snail1 protein and downregulating miR-4319. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02119-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qimei Gai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfei Shan
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Yang Z, Li Q, Zheng X, Xie L. Long Noncoding RNA Small Nucleolar Host Gene: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Urological Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638721. [PMID: 33968736 PMCID: PMC8100577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of urological cancer has been gradually increasing in the last few decades. However, current diagnostic tools and treatment strategies continue to have limitations. Substantial evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in carcinogenesis and the progression, treatment response and prognosis of multiple human cancers, including urological cancers, gastrointestinal tumours, reproductive cancers and respiratory neoplasms. LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs), a subgroup of lncRNAs, have been found to be dysregulated in tumour cell biology. In this review, we summarize the impacts of lncRNA SNHGs in urological malignancies and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchen Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Wang YQ, Huang G, Chen J, Cao H, Xu WT. LncRNA SNHG6 promotes breast cancer progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via miR-543/LAMC1 axis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 188:1-14. [PMID: 33782812 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women with an estimated incidence of 10% and the leading cause of mortality due to its heterogenous property and high metastasis rate. Development of novel therapy is very necessary and requires an understanding of molecular mechanisms. We investigated the function of SNHG6/miR-543/LAMC1 axis in BC. METHODS Human BC tissues were obtained from diagnosed patients. BC cell lines and normal breast cells were used. QRT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to measure expression levels of SNHG6, miR-543, LAMC1, EMT-related proteins, and PI3K/AKT pathway. Dual-luciferase assay was performed to validate interactions of SNHG6/miR-543 and miR-543/LAMC1. Colony formation assay, flow cytometry, scratch wound healing assay, and transwell assay were utilized to assess the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of BC cells. Nude mouse xenograft model was used the evaluate the function of SNHG6/miR-543 in tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS SNHG6 and LAMC1 were elevated, but miR-543 was reduced in BC tissues and cells. SNHG6 interacted directly with miR-543, while miR-543 targeted LAMC1. Knockdown of SNHG6 suppressed BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and PI3K/AKT pathway, but promoted cell apoptosis, while miR-543 inhibitor or overexpression of LAMC1 reversed those effects. Overexpression of LAMC1 also blocked the effects of miR-543 on BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Knockdown of SNHG6 restrained BC growth in vivo, while miR-543 inhibitor inhibited that suppression. CONCLUSION SNHG6 promoted EMT and BC cell proliferation and migration by acting as a miR-543 sponge and disinhibiting LAMC1/PI3K/AKT pathway. SNHG6/miR-543/LAMC1 axis could serve as candidates for the development of therapeutic strategies for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Quan Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 35 Jiefang Avenue, Fengxiang District, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan province, China.
| | - Guo Huang
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan province, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan province, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 35 Jiefang Avenue, Fengxiang District, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 35 Jiefang Avenue, Fengxiang District, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan province, China
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13
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Faisal M, Kim JH, Yoo KH, Roh EJ, Hong SS, Lee SH. Development and Therapeutic Potential of NUAKs Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 64:2-25. [PMID: 33356242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NUAK isoforms, NUAK1 (ARK5) and NUAK2 (SNARK), are important members of the AMPK family of protein kinases. They are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and cellular events, and sometimes their biological roles overlap. NUAK isoform dysregulation is associated with numerous pathological disorders, including neurodegeneration, metastatic cancer, and diabetes. Therefore, they are promising therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases and cancers; consequently, various NUAK-targeted inhibitors have been disclosed. The first part of this review comprises a brief discussion of the homology, expression, structure, and characteristics of NUAK isoforms. The second part focuses on NUAK isoforms' involvement in crucial biological operations, including mechanistic findings, highlighting how their abnormal functioning contributes to disease progression and quality of life. The third part summarizes the key findings and applications of targeting NUAK isoforms for treating multiple cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. The final part systematically presents a critical review and analysis of the literature on NUAK isoform inhibitions through small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Yoo
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ha Lee
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhang Y, An J, Pei Y. LncRNA SNHG6 promotes LMO3 expression by sponging miR-543 in glioma. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 472:9-17. [PMID: 32613482 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) was a newly discovered long non-coding RNA, which was involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers and was on the rise in human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of SNHG6 in glioma required further investigation. The levels of SNHG6, microRNA-543 (miR-543) and LIM-only protein 3 (LMO3) were detected in glioma tissues and cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We examined cell proliferation and apoptosis rate by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Transwell assay was used to measure cell migration and invasion. The target relationships were predicted by StarBase v.2.0 and TargetScan and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Spearman's test was adopted for expression correlation of SNHG6, miR-543 and LMO3 in tissues. The protein expression level of LMO3 was assessed by western blot. We found that SNHG6 was obviously upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. SNHG6 knockdown significantly repressed glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis. Additionally, SNHG6 directly targeted miR-543 and their expression was negatively correlated in glioma tissues. And miR-543 targeted LMO3 and their expression was also inversely correlated. We found that silencing LMO3 also inhibited the progression of glioma cells. Importantly, SNHG6 could competitively sponging miR-543 thereby modulating LMO3 in glioma cells. SNHG6 served as an oncogene and played a vital role in glioma development through miR-543/LMO3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 9 City Garden West Road, Tianxing Bridge, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Jiayin An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eastern Theatre Naval Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 9 City Garden West Road, Tianxing Bridge, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
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15
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Ashrafizadeh M, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Akbari ME, Kubatka P, Raei M, Koklesova L, Shahinozzaman M, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Zarrabi A. Role of microRNA/Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Axis in the Metastasis of Bladder Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1159. [PMID: 32784711 PMCID: PMC7464913 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 11th most common diagnosed cancer, and a number of factors including environmental and genetic ones participate in BC development. Metastasis of BC cells into neighboring and distant tissues significantly reduces overall survival of patients with this life-threatening disorder. Recently, studies have focused on revealing molecular pathways involved in metastasis of BC cells, and in this review, we focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms that can regulate metastasis. EMT is a vital process for migration of BC cells, and inhibition of this mechanism restricts invasion of BC cells. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with 19-24 nucleotides capable of regulating different cellular events, and EMT is one of them. In BC cells, miRNAs are able to both induce and/or inhibit EMT. For regulation of EMT, miRNAs affect different molecular pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Snail, Slug, ZEB1/2, CD44, NSBP1, which are, discussed in detail this review. Besides, miRNA/EMT axis can also be regulated by upstream mediators such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and targeted by diverse anti-tumor agents. These topics are also discussed here to reveal diverse molecular pathways involved in migration of BC cells and strategies to target them to develop effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963114, Iran;
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1989934148, Iran;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Division of Oncology—Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 55877577, Iran;
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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16
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Identification of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Competitive Endogenous RNA Network as Novel Prognostic Markers for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080868. [PMID: 32751923 PMCID: PMC7465400 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common malignant and aggressive hematologic tumors, and its pathogenesis is associated with abnormal post-transcriptional regulation. Unbalanced competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) promotes tumorigenesis and progression, and greatly contributes to tumor risk classification and prognosis. However, the comprehensive analysis of the circular RNA (circRNA)-long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network in the prognosis of AML is still rarely reported. Method: We obtained transcriptome data of AML and normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-tissue Expression (GTEx), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and identified differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Then, the targeting relationships among lncRNA-miRNA, circRNA-miRNA, and miRNA-mRNA were predicted, and the survival related hub mRNAs were further screened by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. Finally, the AML prognostic circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network was established. Results: We identified prognostic 6 hub mRNAs (TM6SF1, ZMAT1, MANSC1, PYCARD, SLC38A1, and LRRC4) through Cox regression model, and divided the AML samples into high and low risk groups according to the risk score obtained by multivariate Cox regression. Survival analysis verified that the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly reduced (p < 0.0001). The prognostic ceRNA network of 6 circRNAs, 32 lncRNAs, 8 miRNAs, and 6 mRNAs was established according to the targeting relationship between 6 hub mRNAs and other RNAs. Conclusion: In this study, ceRNA network jointly participated by circRNAs and lncRNAs was established for the first time. It comprehensively elucidated the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of AML, and identified novel AML prognostic biomarkers, which has important guiding significance for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and further scientific research of AML.
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17
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Shen H, Mo Q, Xu X, Liu B. The prognostic value of lncRNA SNHG6 in cancer patients. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 32655318 PMCID: PMC7339569 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although tremendous improvement has been seen in cancer diagnosis and treatment, its morbidity and mortality is still high due to lack of ideal biomarkers. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the expression of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) has significantly negative correlation with various cancer prognosis. The present meta-analysis was aimed to clarify the potential of clinical application of SNHG6 in cancers. Methods A detailed literature review was conducted by searching through PubMed and Web of Science databases. The expression level of SNHG6, clinicopathological features and survival outcomes were extracted from eligible studies. Pooled analysis was performed with a DerSimonian-Laird random-effect model. The results were further validated through the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Results Five studies with a total of 487 cases were finally included in this meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that a high expression of SNHG6 was significantly associated with an increased risk of poor overall survival (OS) in cancer patients (HR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.56–2.73). Similar results from the TCGA dataset further confirmed our findings. Conclusions Overexpressed SNHG6 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. Therefore, SNHG6 may become a novel molecular target for treatment and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Shen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China
| | - Qiwang Mo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China.,Department of Urology, Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou, 312400 Zhejiang China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China
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18
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Wang HS, Zhang W, Zhu HL, Li QP, Miao L. Long noncoding RNA SNHG6 mainly functions as a competing endogenous RNA in human tumors. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:219. [PMID: 32518528 PMCID: PMC7275348 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) has been reported in different cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. The high expression level of SNHG6 is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. This paper provides an overview of recent studies on the oncogenic role and potential clinical utilities of SNHG6. Upregulated SNHG6 arrests tumor cell cycle and reduces apoptosis but promotes migration, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance in tumors. Mechanically, SNHG6 primarily sponges tumor suppressor microRNA (miRNA), functioning as a competing endogenous RNA. Once sponged, miRNA is unable to degrade, silence, or hamper the translation of its downstream, mostly oncogenic genes, ultimately driving cancer-related processes. Thus, SNHG6 might serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shan Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Han-Long Zhu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Quan-Peng Li
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lin Miao
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China.,Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011 Jiangsu Province China
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19
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Zhang S, Qiu D, Xie X, Shen Y. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of SNHG6 in cancers: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:343. [PMID: 32321469 PMCID: PMC7178593 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (lncRNA SNHG6) has been found in multiple cancers. However, a definite conclusion on the clinical value of lncRNA SNHG6 expression in human cancers has not been determined. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to comprehensively elucidate the association between SNHG6 expression and clinical outcomes in cancers. METHODS A systematic search was performed through the PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wangfang databases for relevant studies. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were collected to estimate the prognostic value, and the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used to evaluate the relationship between lncRNA SNHG6 expression and clinicopathological features, including tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis (LNM), distance metastasis (DM), and TNM stage. RESULTS In total, 914 patients from 13 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that evaluated SNHG6 expression could predict an unfavorable overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.04, 95% CI:1.56-2.52) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.996). Subgroup analysis indicated a significant association between high SNHG6 expression and shorter OS in those studies with digestive system cancers (HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.47-2.62), or with sample size < 70 (HR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.29-4.11), or with multivariate analysis (HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.44-2.64). Moreover, elevated SNHG6 expression was positively associated with tumor invasion depth (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.18-2.63), LNM (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.18-2.17), DM (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.37-2.64) and advanced TNM stage (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.36-2.60) in patients with cancers. CONCLUSIONS High lncRNA SNHG6 expression was correlated with tumor invasion depth, LNM, DM, and advanced TNM stage, suggesting that SNHG6 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Dandan Qiu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
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20
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Cao Y, Tian T, Li W, Xu H, Zhan C, Wu X, Wang C, Wu X, Wu W, Zheng S, Xie K. Long non-coding RNA in bladder cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:113-121. [PMID: 31940466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignant disease and ranks fourteenth in cancer mortality worldwide. Moreover, among cancers, the incidence and mortality of BC in males increased to the 6th and 9th place, respectively. The overall survival (OS) declines dramatically as the cancer progresses, especially when urothelial cells transition from noninvasive to invasive. It is well known that epithelial cells can acquire invasive properties and a propensity to metastasize through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in tumourigenesis and progression. However, the potential molecular mechanisms and key pathways are still unclear. As the sequencing technology advances, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play an important role in regulating biological processes and cellular pathways. Here, we reviewed important lncRNAs, such as H19, UCA1 and MALAT1, that participate in the malignant phenotype of BC and regulate EMT signalling networks in the invasion-metastasis cascade during BC development. We further discuss MALAT1, PCAT-1 and SPRY4-IT1, and also urine and blood exosomal H19 and PTENP as potential noninvasive biomarkers. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and a double-stranded DNA plasmid (BC-819) have been designed for use in preclinical cancer models and clinical trials in patients. Therefore, the results of investigations have gradually prompted the utility of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanzi Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanfei Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhong Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanke Wu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyun Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Wang X, Lan Z, He J, Lai Q, Yao X, Li Q, Liu Y, Lai H, Gu C, Yan Q, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Li A, Liu S. LncRNA SNHG6 promotes chemoresistance through ULK1-induced autophagy by sponging miR-26a-5p in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:234. [PMID: 31516391 PMCID: PMC6734319 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy resistance is one of the main causes of recurrence in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and leads to poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to regulate chemoresistance. We aimed to determine the role of the lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) in CRC cell chemoresistance. Methods Cell drug sensitivity tests and flow cytometry were performed to analyze CRC cell chemoresistance. Animal models were used to determine chemoresistance in vivo, and micro RNA (miRNA) binding sites were detected by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict miRNAs binding to SNHG6 and target genes of miR-26a-5p. SNHG6/miR-26a-5p/ULK1 axis and autophagy-related proteins were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Furthermore, immunofluorescence was employed to confirm the presence of autophagosomes. Results SNHG6 enhanced CRC cell resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), promoted autophagy, inhibited 5-FU-induced apoptosis, and increased 5-FU resistance in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-26a-5p might bind to SNHG6 and target ULK1, and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed this activity. qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that SNHG6 was able to negatively regulate miR-26a-5p but correlated positively with ULK1. Conclusion SNHG6 may promote chemoresistance through ULK1-induced autophagy by sponging miR-26a-5p in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixian Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huasheng Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuncai Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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22
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Zhang M, Duan W, Sun W. LncRNA SNHG6 promotes the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by miR-26a/EZH2 axis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3349-3360. [PMID: 31118686 PMCID: PMC6504670 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) was reported to function as an oncogene in a number of cancers. Here, we aimed to further explore the roles and molecular mechanism of SNHG6 in CRC metastasis. Methods: The expression levels of SNHG6, miR-26a, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) mRNA were assessed by quantification real-time PCR in CRC tissues and cell lines. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the levels of E-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, N-cadherin, and EZH2. Cell migration and invasion capacities were detected by transwell assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay or RNA Immunoprecipitation assay was employed to verify the interaction between SNHG6 and miR-26a, or EZH2 and miR-26a. Results: Our data indicated that SNHG6 and EZH2 mRNA were upregulated, and miR-26a was downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. SNHG6 knockdown suppressed the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells. Moreover, SNHG6 binded to miR-26a and repressed miR-26a expression. EZH2 was a direct target of miR-26a, and it was regulated by SNHG6/miR-26a. MiR-26a inhibitor undermined the effect of SNHG6 knockdown on cell migration, invasion, and EMT. Additionally, EZH2 antagonized the effect of miR-26a on cell migration, invasion, and EMT in CRC cells. Conclusion: SNHG6 knockdown suppressed cell migration, invasion, and EMT at least partly by sponging miR-26a and regulating EZH2 expression in CRC cells, providing a strategy for blocking CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Duan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, People's Republic of China
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