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Sjakste N, Gajski G. A Review on Genotoxic and Genoprotective Effects of Biologically Active Compounds of Animal Origin. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:165. [PMID: 36828477 PMCID: PMC9961038 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by animal venoms remains a serious medical and social problem, especially in tropical countries. On the other hand, animal venoms are widely used as a source of biologically active compounds for the development of novel drugs. Numerous derivatives of animal venoms are already used in clinical practice. When analysing the mechanisms of action of animal venoms, attention is usually focused on the main target of the venom's enzymes and peptides such as neurotoxic, cytotoxic or haemorrhagic effects. In the present review, we would like to draw attention to the "hidden" effects of animal venoms and their derivatives in regard to DNA damage and/or protection against DNA damage. Alkaloids and terpenoids isolated from sponges such as avarol, ingenamine G or variolin B manifest the capability to bind DNA in vitro and produce DNA breaks. Trabectidin, isolated from a sea squirt, also binds and damages DNA. A similar action is possible for peptides isolated from bee and wasp venoms such as mastoparan, melectin and melittin. However, DNA lesions produced by the crude venoms of jellyfish, scorpions, spiders and snakes arise as a consequence of cell membrane damage and the subsequent oxidative stress, whereas certain animal venoms or their components produce a genoprotective effect. Current research data point to the possibility of using animal venoms and their components in the development of various potential therapeutic agents; however, before their possible clinical use the route of injection, molecular target, mechanism of action, exact dosage, possible side effects and other fundamental parameters should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolajs Sjakste
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1004 Riga, Latvia
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Nararak J, Giorgio CD, Thanispong K, Sukkanon C, Sanguanpong U, Mahiou-Leddet V, Ollivier E, Chareonviriyaphap T, Manguin S. Behavioral avoidance and biological safety of vetiver oil and its constituents against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100044. [PMID: 36683957 PMCID: PMC9846461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous plant-based repellents are widely used for personal protection against host-seeking mosquitoes. Vitiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash essential oil and its constituents have demonstrated various mosquito repellent activities. In this study, three chemical actions of vetiver oil and five constituents (terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, valencene, vetiverol and vetivone) were characterized against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus by using the high-throughput screening assay system (HITSS). Significant contact escape responses in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to all test compounds at concentrations between 2.5 and 5% were observed. Spatial repellency responses were also observed in some tested mosquito populations depending upon concentrations. The most significant toxic response on mosquitoes was found at the highest concentration, except for vetivone which had no toxic effect on Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Results on phototoxic and genotoxic hazard revealed that vetiver oil and their constituents showed no phototoxic potential or any significant genotoxic response. In conclusion, vetiver oil and two constituents, valencene and vetiverol, are potentials as active ingredients for mosquito repellency and present no toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirod Nararak
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- HSM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Di Giorgio
- Aix Marseille Univ., Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, FAC PHARM, Marseille, France
| | - Kanutcharee Thanispong
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Unchalee Sanguanpong
- Maejo University International College (MJU-IC) 63 Moo 4 Nongharn Sub district, Chiang Mai, 50290 Thailand
| | - Valerie Mahiou-Leddet
- Aix Marseille Univ., Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, FAC PHARM, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Ollivier
- Aix Marseille Univ., Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, FAC PHARM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sylvie Manguin
- HSM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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