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Zhu Y, Wang X, He Z, Zhao P, Ren H, Qi Z. Enterovirus 71 enters human brain microvascular endothelial cells through an ARF6-mediated endocytic pathway. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28915. [PMID: 37417384 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection of the central nervous system caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) remains the main cause of death in hand-foot-and-mouth disease. However, the mechanism responsible for how EV71 breaks through the blood-brain barrier to infect brain cells has yet to be elucidated. By performing a high-throughput small interfering RNA (siRNA) screening and validation, we found that the infection of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) by EV71 was independent of the endocytosis pathways mediated by caveolin, clathrin, and macropinocytosis but dependent on ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), a small guanosinetriphosphate (GTP)-binding protein of the Ras superfamily. The specific siRNA targeting ARF6 markedly inhibited HBMECs susceptibility to EV71. EV71 infectivity was inhibited by NAV-2729, a specific inhibitor of ARF6, in a dose-dependent manner. The subcellular analysis demonstrated the co-localization of the endocytosed EV71 and ARF6, while knockdown of ARF6 with siRNA remarkably influenced EV71 endocytosis. By immunoprecipitation assays, we found a direct interaction of ARF6 with EV71 viral protein. Furthermore, ARF1, another small GTP-binding protein, was also found to participate in ARF6-mediated EV71 endocytosis. Murine experiments demonstrated that NAV-2729 significantly alleviated mortality caused by EV71 infection. Our study revealed a new pathway by which EV71 enters the HBMECs and provides new targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhe Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Amin SA, Nandi S, Kashaw SK, Jha T, Gayen S. A critical analysis of urea transporter B inhibitors: molecular fingerprints, pharmacophore features for the development of next-generation diuretics. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2549-2559. [PMID: 34978011 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Urea transporter is a membrane transport protein. It is involved in the transferring of urea across the cell membrane in humans. Along with urea transporter A, urea transporter B (UT-B) is also responsible for the management of urea concentration and blood pressure of human. The inhibitors of urea transporters have already generated a huge attention to be developed as alternate safe class of diuretic. Unlike conventional diuretics, these inhibitors are suitable for long-term therapy without hampering the precious electrolyte imbalance in the human body. In this study, UT-B inhibitors were analysed by using multi-chemometric modelling approaches. The possible pharmacophore features along with favourable and unfavourable sub-structural fingerprints for UT-B inhibition are extracted. This information will guide the medicinal chemist to design potent UT-B inhibitors in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, P. O. Box 17020, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudipta Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, P. O. Box 17020, Kolkata, India.
| | - Shovanlal Gayen
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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Peng K, Xia RP, Zhao F, Xiao Y, Ma TD, Li M, Feng Y, Zhou CG. ALKBH5 promotes the progression of infantile hemangioma through regulating the NEAT1/miR-378b/FOSL1 axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1527-1540. [PMID: 35182329 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our work aims to investigate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and its role in infantile hemangioma (IH). The mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Me-RIP assay was performed to evaluate lncRNA NEAT1 m6A levels. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 assay, transwell migration and invasion assay, respectively. Photo-activatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to verify the binding relationship between lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) and ALKBH5 (an RNA demethylase). The binding relationship between lncRNA NEAT1, microRNA (miR)-378b and FOS-like antigen 1 (FOSL1) was verified using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and/or RNA immunoprecipitation assay. ALKBH5, lncRNA NEAT1 and FOLS1 expression was elevated in IH tissues, while miR-378b was downregulated. ALKBH5 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion of IH cells, while promoting cell apoptosis. ALKBH5 promoted lncRNA NEAT1 expression by reducing the m6A modification of lncRNA NEAT1. In addition, miR-378b was the target of lncRNA NEAT1, and its overexpression reversed the promotion effect of lncRNA NEAT1 overexpression on IH cell tumor-like behaviors. Moreover, FOLS1 was the target of miR-378b, and its overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-378b overexpression on IH cell tumor-like behaviors in vitro. ALKBH5 might have great potential as therapeutic target for IH, since ALKBH5 silencing suppressed IH progression by regulation of the NEAT1/miR-378b/FOSL1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Peng Xia
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ti-Dong Ma
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Gao Zhou
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86, Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao R, Qiao J, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Meng X, Sun D, Peng X. Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Activation of CD39 Internalization in BMDCs Leads to Extracellular ATP Accumulation and Facilitates P2X7 Receptor Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2524. [PMID: 31736956 PMCID: PMC6834529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) trigger innate immune responses through their recognition of conserved molecular ligands of either endogenous or microbial origin. Although activation, function, and signaling pathways of TLRs were already well-studied, their precise function in specific cell types, especially innate immune cells, needs to be further clarified. In this study, we showed that when significantly decreased amounts of membrane CD39, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-degrading enzyme, were detected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), Cd39 mRNA expression, and whole-cell CD39 expression were at the same levels as those in untreated BMDCs. Further experiments demonstrated that the downregulation of membrane CD39 expression in LPS-treated BMDCs was mediated by endocytosis, leading to membrane-exposed CD39 downregulation, which was positively associated with decreased enzymatic activity in ATP metabolism and increased extracellular ATP accumulation. The accumulated ATP promoted intracellular calcium accumulation and IL-1β production in BMDCs through P2X7 signaling activation. Further research revealed that not only LPS but also other TLR ligands, excluding polyI:C, induced CD39 internalization in BMDCs and that the MyD88 pathway was critical in this process. The results suggested that the activation of CD39 internalization in DCs induced by a TLR ligand caused increased ATP accumulation, leading to P2X7 receptor activation that mediated a proinflammatory effect. Considering the strong modulatory effect of extracellular ATP accumulation on the immune response and inflammation, the manipulation of membrane CD39 expression on DCs may have implications on the regulation and treatment of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinjuan Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yansong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Deming Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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