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Hydrogel-based co-delivery of CIK cells and oncolytic adenovirus armed with IL12 and IL15 for cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113110. [PMID: 35605298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral injection of various effector cells combined with oncolytic adenovirus expressing antitumor cytokines exert an effective antitumor immune effect by oncolysis and altering the tumor microenvironment. However, this combination therapy had certain limitations. When used in high concentrations, effector cells and oncolytic viruses can spread rapidly to surrounding non-target tissues. And because both therapies used in combination are immunogenic and exhibit shorter biological activity, multiple injections were required to attain an adequate therapeutic index. To overcome these drawbacks, we encapsulated gelatin-based hydrogel capable of co-deliver oncolytic adenovirus armed with IL12 and IL15 (CRAd-IL12-IL15) and CIK cells for enhancing and prolonging the antitumor effects of both therapies after a single intratumoral injection. The injectable and biodegradable hydrogel reduced the dispersion of high-dose oncolytic adenovirus and CIK cells from the injection site to the liver and other non-target tissues. In this study, a novel oncolytic adenoviral vector CRAd-IL12-IL15 was constructed to verify the cytokine expression and oncolytic ability, which can upregulate the expression levels of Bcl-2, Cish and Gzmb in tumor cells. The CRAd-IL12-IL15 + CIKs/gelatin treatment maintained sustained release of CRAd-IL12-IL15 and active CIK cells over a longer period of time, attenuating the antiviral immune response against adenovirus. In conclusion, the results suggested that hydrogel-mediated co-delivery of CRAd-IL12-IL15 and CIK cells might be a an approach to overcome limitations. Both treatments could be effectively retained in tumor tissue and sustained to induce potent anti-tumor immune responses with a single administration.
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Garofano F, Sharma A, Abken H, Gonzalez-Carmona MA, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. A Low Dose of Pure Cannabidiol Is Sufficient to Stimulate the Cytotoxic Function of CIK Cells without Exerting the Downstream Mediators in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3783. [PMID: 35409142 PMCID: PMC8998663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies conducted over the past decade, the exact role of the cannabinoid system in cancer development remains unclear. Though research has focused on two cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2) activated by most cannabinoids, CB2 holds greater attention due to its expression in cells of the immune system. In particular, cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs), which are pivotal cytotoxic immunological effector cells, express a high-level of CB2 receptors. Herein, we sought to investigate whether inducing CIK cells with cannabidiol can enhance their cytotoxicity and if there are any possible counter effects in its downstream cascade of phosphorylated p38 and CREB using a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line (PANC-1). Our results showed that IL-2 modulates primarily the expression of the CB2 receptor on CIK cells used during ex vivo CIK expansion. The autophagosomal-associated scaffold protein p62 was found to co-localize with CB2 receptors in CIK cells and the PANC-1 cell line. CIK cells showed a low level of intracellular phospho-p38 and, when stimulated with cannabidiol (CBD), a donor specific variability in phospho-CREB. CBD significantly decreases the viability of PANC-1 cells presumably by increasing the cytotoxicity of CIK cells. Taken together, in our preclinical in vitro study, we propose that a low effective dose of CBD is sufficient to stimulate the cytotoxic function of CIK without exerting any associated mediator. Thus, the combinatorial approach of non-psychoactive CBD and CIK cells appears to be safe and can be considered for a clinical perspective in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Garofano
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (F.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (F.G.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Department Genetic Immunotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | | | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (F.G.); (A.S.)
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Yang D, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhao J, Yang H, Wang S, Morse MA, Wu J, Yuan Y, Li S, Hobeika A, Lyerly HK, Ren J. Blood microbiota diversity determines response of advanced colorectal cancer to chemotherapy combined with adoptive T cell immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1976953. [PMID: 34595059 PMCID: PMC8477924 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1976953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microbiota influence the response of malignancies to treatment with immune checkpoint blockade; however, their impact on other forms of immunotherapy is poorly understood. This study explored the effect of blood microbiota on clinical efficacy, represented by progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), of combined chemotherapy and adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) in advanced colon cancer patients. Plasma was collected from colorectal cancer patients (CRC) treated with either chemotherapy alone (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) (XELOX CT alone group, n = 19), or ACT with a mixed dendritic cell/cytokine-induced killer cell product (DC-CIK) + XELOX (ICT group, n = 20). Circulating microbiota analysis was performed by PCR amplification and next-generation sequencing of variable regions V3~V4 of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The association of the blood microbial diversity with clinical response to the therapy as measured by RECIST1.1 and OS was evaluated. The baseline Chao index of blood microbial diversity predicted prolonged PFS and OS of DC/CIK immunotherapy. More diverse blood microbiota that included Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus were identified among responders to DC/CIK compared with non-responders. The plasma bacterial DNA copy number is inversely correlated with the CD3-/CD16+/CD56+ NK cells in circulation and decreased following DC-CIK; however, the Chao index of plasma microbiota significantly increased after administration of the DC-CIK product and this subsequent change was correlated with the number of CD3-/CD16+/CD56+ and CD8+/CD28+ cells infused. The diversity of the blood microbiome is a promising predictive marker for clinical responses to chemotherapy combined with DC-CIK. Cellular immunotherapy can affect the plasma microbiota's diversity in a manner favorable to clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Yang
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Xinna Zhou
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Michael A. Morse
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Amy Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jun Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Zhang Z, Xiong L, Wu Z, Liu H, Ning K, Peng Y, Yu C, Ding Y, Weng D, Xia J, Jiang L, Guo S, Han H, Zhou F, Dong P. Neoadjuvant combination of pazopanib or axitinib and programmed cell death protein-1-activated dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cells immunotherapy may facilitate surgery in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2091-2102. [PMID: 34159090 PMCID: PMC8185689 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radical/cytoreductive nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery may be thought to be not safe or unfeasible in some renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients in which tumor is locally advanced or highly complicated. Neoadjuvant therapy may reduce the volume of the tumor, thus facilitates surgery. The aim the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant combination of pazopanib or axitinib and PD-1-activated dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer (PD-1/DC-CIK) cell immunotherapy in those patients. Methods Data from 16 RCC patients who received neoadjuvant pazopanib (Group P, n=9) or axitinib (Group A, n=7) plus PD-1/DC-CIK cells immunotherapy were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 9 participants that were potential candidates for radical/cytoreductive nephrectomy (RN/CN) had locally advanced tumor and 5 participants with partial nephrectomy (PN) absolute indications had highly complicated tumors. The efficacy outcomes were based on volume changes of the primary tumor, lymph nodes, and tumor thrombus in 13 participants with complete computed tomography (CT) imaging. The treatment-related toxicities and surgical complications were also reported. Results With a median of 2.1 months treatment, the overall volume of the tumors decreased by a median of 42.30% [interquartile range (IQR): 19.37–66.78%]. Specifically, the median reduction of tumor volume was 88.77 and 15.50 cm3 in group P and group A, respectively (P=0.014). However, participants in Group P were more likely to experience grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) than those in Group A (44.4% vs. 0). Finally, all participants were candidates for appropriate surgery after neoadjuvant therapy (as assessed by the surgeon), and 10 participants accepted surgery, including 5 PN, 4 RN/CN, and 1 lymph node dissection. A solitary participant had Clavien grade IV acute renal failure required dialysis and another had grade II lymphatic leakage. Conclusions Neoadjuvant combination of pazopanib or axitinib and PD-1/DC-CIK cells immunotherapy was well-tolerated and could effectively reduce the volume of tumors in locally advanced or highly complicated RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longbin Xiong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeshen Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Peng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunping Yu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Guo
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Li X, Yin G, Ji W, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhu X, Zhu L, Dai D, Ma W, Xu W. 18F-FHBG PET-CT Reporter Gene Imaging of Adoptive CIK Cell Transfer Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer in a Mouse Model. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11659-11668. [PMID: 33223839 PMCID: PMC7671474 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s271657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To further improve the efficiency of adoptively transferred cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy in breast cancer (BC), a reliable imaging method is required to visualize and monitor these transferred cells in vivo. Methods Herpes simplex virus 1-thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) and 9-(4-[18F]fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl)guanine (18F-FHBG) were used as a pair of reporter gene/reporter probe for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in this study. Following the establishment of subcutaneous BC xenograft-bearing nude mice models, induced human CIK cells expressing reporter gene HSV1-TK through lentiviral transduction were intravenously injected to nude mice. γ-radioimmunoassay was used to determine the specific uptake of 18F-FHBG by these genetically engineered CIK cells expressing HSV1-TK in vitro, and 18F-FHBG micro positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging was performed to visualize these adoptively transferred CIK cells in tumor-bearing nude mice. Results Specific uptake of 18F-FHBG by CIK cells expressing HSV1-TK was clearly observed in vitro. Consistently, the localization of adoptively transferred CIK cells in tumor target could be effectively visualized by 18F-FHBG micro PET-CT reporter gene imaging. Conclusion PET-CT reporter gene imaging using 18F-FHBG as a reporter probe enables the visualization and monitoring of adoptively transferred CIK cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guotao Yin
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjing Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Dai
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengui Xu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
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Dendritic cell therapy in cancer treatment; the state-of-the-art. Life Sci 2020; 254:117580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Han S, Huang K, Gu Z, Wu J. Tumor immune microenvironment modulation-based drug delivery strategies for cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:413-436. [PMID: 31829394 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past years have witnessed promising clinical feedback for anti-cancer immunotherapies, which have become one of the hot research topics; however, they are limited by poor delivery kinetics, narrow patient response profiles, and systemic side effects. To the best of our knowledge, the development of cancer is highly associated with the immune system, especially the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Based on the comprehensive understanding of the complexity and diversity of TIME, drug delivery strategies focused on the modulation of TIME can be of great significance for directing and improving cancer immunotherapy. This review highlights the TIME modulation in cancer immunotherapy and summarizes the versatile TIME modulation-based cancer immunotherapeutic strategies, medicative principles and accessory biotechniques for further clinical transformation. Remarkably, the recent advances of cancer immunotherapeutic drug delivery systems and future prospects of TIME modulation-based drug delivery systems for much more controlled and precise cancer immunotherapy will be emphatically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Rotolo R, Leuci V, Donini C, Cykowska A, Gammaitoni L, Medico G, Valabrega G, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D. CAR-Based Strategies beyond T Lymphocytes: Integrative Opportunities for Cancer Adoptive Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112839. [PMID: 31212634 PMCID: PMC6600566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T lymphocytes (CAR Ts) produced impressive clinical results against selected hematological malignancies, but the extension of CAR T cell therapy to the challenging field of solid tumors has not, so far, replicated similar clinical outcomes. Many efforts are currently dedicated to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-based adoptive immunotherapies, including application against solid tumors. A promising approach is CAR engineering of immune effectors different from αβT lymphocytes. Herein we reviewed biological features, therapeutic potential, and safety of alternative effectors to conventional CAR T cells: γδT, natural killer (NK), NKT, or cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. The intrinsic CAR-independent antitumor activities, safety profile, and ex vivo expansibility of these alternative immune effectors may favorably contribute to the clinical development of CAR strategies. The proper biological features of innate immune response effectors may represent an added value in tumor settings with heterogeneous CAR target expression, limiting the risk of tumor clonal escape. All these properties bring out CAR engineering of alternative immune effectors as a promising integrative option to be explored in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Rotolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Valeria Leuci
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Chiara Donini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Anna Cykowska
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Medico
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
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